87,310 research outputs found
The rise of securities markets : what can government do?
No full textUsing U.S. securities markets as a case history, the author explores the role securities markets play in economic development, how they emerge, and how regulation can make them more effective. Why the United States? Two centuries ago, it was a small undeveloped country with serious financial problems. It confronted those problems and, guided by Alexander Hamilton, creatively reformed its financial system, which then became a foundation of the U.S. economic infrastructure and a bulwark for long-term growth. When Hamilton's program established public credit and securitiesmarkets in the 1790s, U.S. citizens were immediately able to borrow from older, richer countries. U.S. wealth then increased until, by the end of the nineteenth century, U.S. residents began to lend and invest more abroad than they borrowed. During the 1820s and 1830s, the United States (usually state governments) borrowed large sums from foreign investors to build roads, canals, and early railroads, to make other transportation improvements, and to capitalize state banks. From the 1830s to the end of the century, still larger sums from overseas went into private U.S. railway companies that provided cheap transcontinental transportation. Most of this borrowing took the form of state and corporate bond sales to overseas investors. The pristine U.S. government credit established by Hamilton thus rubbed off on U.S. state and corporate debt. The British stock market did better than the U.S. market until the United States adopted security-market regulation (including disclosuire rules) under the SEC. Then the U.S. market became a world leader. The U.S. stock market developed more slowly than the bond market, but it both aided and benefited from foreign investment in U.S. bonds. Foreign investors preferred debt securities to equities, yet equities create a safety margin for bondholders who, because of this margin, are more willing to purchase and hold bonds. Foreign investors preferred bonds; U.S. investors, after exporting bonds, held more stocks than bonds at home. Why? Because good stock markets permit the conversion of equity securities into cash.Environmental Economics&Policies,Payment Systems&Infrastructure,Financial Intermediation,International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Economic Theory&Research,Housing Finance,Insurance&Risk Mitigation,Financial Intermediation,Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research
Carcopino (Jérome). Sylla ou la monarchie manquée
No full textCumont F. Carcopino (Jérome). Sylla ou la monarchie manquée. In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 11, fasc. 1-2, 1932. pp. 236-237
Carcopino (Jérome). Sylla ou la monarchie manquée
No full textCumont F. Carcopino (Jérome). Sylla ou la monarchie manquée. In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 11, fasc. 1-2, 1932. pp. 236-237
Marriage record of Blackburn, James K. and Flisch, Sylla Agnes
No full textMarriage license for James K. Blackburn and Sylla Agnes Flisch. John F. Porter was the officiant
Intraluminal anastomotic assessment using indocyanine green near-infrared imaging for left-sided colonic and rectal resections: a systematic review
No full textBackground Indocyanine green fuorescence angiography (ICG-FA) has been used in colorectal surgery to assess anastomotic
perfusion and reduce the risks of anastomotic leaks. The main objective of this paper is to review the data on the transanal
application of ICG-FA for the intraluminal assessment of colorectal anastomosis.
Methods A literature search was conducted for articles published between 2011 and 2021 using PubMed and Cochrane
databases, related to the application of ICG for the intraluminal assessment of colorectal anastomosis. Original scientifc
manuscripts, review articles, meta-analyses, and case reports were considered eligible.
Results A total of 305 studies have been identifed. After abstract screening for duplicates, 285 articles remained. Of those,
271 were not related to the topic of interest, 4 were written in a language other than English, and 4 had incomplete data. Six
articles remained for the fnal analysis. The intraluminal assessment of colorectal anastomosis with ICG-FA is feasible, safe,
and may reduce the incidence of leaks.
Conclusion The intraluminal assessment of anastomotic perfusion via ICG-FA may be a promising novel application of ICG
technology. More data is needed to support this application further to reduce leak rates after colorectal surgery, and future
randomized clinical trials are awaited
François Hinard et la loi somptuaire de Sylla : un itinéraire exemplaire
No full textAnalyse de l'évolution de l'interprétation donnée par F. Hinard de la loi somptuaire de Sylla à différentes étapes de ses travaux sur la fin de la République
Emerging Financial Markets and Early U.S. Growth
No full textStudies of early U.S. growth traditionally have emphasized real-sector explanations for an acceleration that by many accounts became detectable between 1815 and 1840. Interestingly, the establishment of the nation's basic financial structure predated by three decades the canals, railroads, and widespread use of water and steam-powered machinery that are thought to have triggered modernization. We argue that this innovative and expanding financial system, by providing debt and equity financing to businesses and governments as new technologies emerged, was central to the nation's early growth and modernization. The analysis includes a set of multivariate time series models that relate measures of banking and equity market activity to measures of investment, imports and business incorporations from 1790 to 1850. The findings offer support for our hypothesis of finance-led' growth in the U.S. case. By implication, the interest today in improving financial systems as a means of fostering sustainable growth is not misplaced.
Lassa virus serology in rodents: spatial survey in Guinea, west Africa
No full textFichet-Calvet, E., Koulemou, K., Sylla, O., Soropogui, B., Kourouma, F., Doré, A., Becker-Ziaja, B., Koivogui, L., Günther, S
Some Aspects of the ‘Rules’ of motus difformis in Angelo da Fossambruno’s Commentary on Heytesbury’s De tribus praedicamentis
No full textEmerging Financial Markets and Early U.S. Growth
No full textStudies of early U.S. growth traditionally have emphasized real-sector explanations for an acceleration that by many accounts became detectable between 1815 and 1840. Interestingly, the establishment of the nation's basic financial structure predated by three decades the canals, railroads, and widespread use of water and steam-powered machinery that are thought to have triggered modernization. We argue that this innovative and expanding financial system, by providing debt and equity financing to businesses and governments as new technologies emerged, was central to the nation's early growth and modernization. The analysis includes a set of multivariate time series models that relate measures of banking and equity market activity to measures of investment, imports and business incorporations from 1790 to 1850. The findings offer support for our hypothesis of "finance-led" growth in the U.S. case. By implication, the interest today in improving financial systems as a means of fostering sustainable growth is not misplaced.
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