10 research outputs found
Morphometry of The Orbital Region in Dry Skull and CT images
No full textIntroduction: The bony orbit is significant not only for anatomists, but also for ophthalmologists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, and forensic experts who study the human face. The purpose of this study was to determine how the orbital index varies with race, regions, within the same race, and different times in evolution. The present study's objectives are to offer the normal reference orbital parameters for the NorthIndian population, as well as to determine the normal reference orbital parameters. Materials and Method: Materials and Method: The experiment was carried out on thirty-eight dried skulls of different ages, genders, and races. Manual vernier calipers were used to measure the length and breadth of the orbital plane. The orbital index was determined by using the formula Length /Breadth x 100 to the length/breadth ratio. To avoid interobserver and intraobserver error, the parameters were measured independently by two individuals using specified protocols. Result: To analyze all of the data collected, descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, and range were computed and used to summarize the findings statistically. There were no significant differences in maximum orbital length and breadth between the right and left sides, however, there were differences in maximum orbital length on the right side (33.7 1.8 mm) and 33. 8 2.1 mm on the left side (37. 22 09 mm). On the right and left sides, the maximum orbital length and breadth were determined to be 33.7 1.8 mm and 33. 8 2.1 mm, respectively, while the maximum orbital breadth was found to be 37. 4 2. 1 mm and 37. 22. 09 mm, respectively. Conclusions: The orbital index was determined based on the length and breadth of the orbital plane. which will be useful in plastic surgery, Ophthalmology, maxillary surgery, and reconstructive cosmetic surgery of the face all benefit from the use of orbital morphometry as a baseline measurement. A thorough understanding of anatomy and its variations will aid surgeons in avoiding surgical complications throughout the procedure as well as forensic research
Non-genetic factors in the craniofacial region contribute to the incidence of non-syndromic CLEFS
No full textIn addition to genetic and environmental influences, clefts have a complex origin. Many research has studies tried out to determine the genetic basis of the aetiology of clefts and the effect of maternal folic acid intake on the incidence of clefts in children and adults. In addition to genetics, there has been little research done on the environmental factors that contribute to clefts. Non-genetic variables related to the development of nonsyndromic clefts are the subject of the current investigation. Mother's folic acid intake during pregnancy, family history, parental age, socioeconomic position (including alcoholism and smoking), and parent's occupational exposure are among the variables examined in the research. 200 participants from the South Indian population were included in the study, 100 of whom had nonsyndromic clefts and 200 who were healthy controls. In a detailed questionnaire administered via direct interview, the information was gathered, and the information was analyzed using GraphPad Prism 9. The odds ratio (OR) for the independent variables was calculated using a logistic regression model, and the significance of the results was determined using a Chi-square test.The study group included 6 craniofacial clefts, 5 facial clefts and 64 cases of cleft lip and palate. Clefts occurred at a rate of 12 per cent in the craniofacial region and 26percent in the lip region. The case group (24.6%) had a lower maternal age than the control group (12%), with a p-value of 0.001. Paternal ages more significant than 40 years were detected in 8.0 per cent of cases and 0.5% of controls. However, parental medicine and smoking were shown to be insignificant in terms of pesticide exposure, whereas parental occupational exposure in terms of pesticide exposure was found to be significant.There should be no doubt about the importance of maternal folic acid and multivitamin consumption throughout the periconceptional stage for the prevention of mouth clefts. Clefts are more likely to occur in families where there is a history of clefts, and the risk is higher when clefts are present in the parents or siblings. Furthermore, maternal age greater than 35 years is revealed to be more significant than paternal age. The presence of consanguinity was associated with a fourfold increase in clefts. Apart from the family's financial position, the maternal diet is an important component since it is directly tied to folic acid and vitamin supplements
Angiographic analysis of morphometry pattern of human coronary arteries
No full textBackground: Coronary arteries play an important role in perfusion of the heart tissues. Variations or anomalies in coronary arteries may be asymptomatic while some can be symptomatic and even cause sudden death. Knowledge of coronary artery variations is important in diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Aim: To study the angiographic analysis of morphometry pattern of human coronary arteries Materials and methods: We dissected and grossly examined a total of 78 human hearts to describe coronary artery variations in origin and course. The study was carried out at Dr V.R.K Womens medical and Deccan College of Medical Sciences during the period from Jan 2018 to June 2019.Results and discussion: Diameter of LCA was 4.14 + 0.81, LAD was3.12 + 0.58, LCx was 2.28 + 0.48, and diameter of RCA was 3.10 + 0.38. Bifurcation of LCA was seen in 40 (80 %) males and 42 (84%) females. Trifurcation of LCA was seen in eight (16%) males and six (12%) females. two male (3.92 %) and two (3.92 %) females have quadrification of LCA. Length of LCA was significantly high in females (p < 0.00) and diameter was more in males (p < 0.01) when compared to females. However, there was no significant difference across gender in angle of division of LCA.Conclusion: Knowledge of the normal and variant anatomy of coronary arteries is indispensable and imperative both in diagnosis, treatment and implementation of interventional measure
RESPONSE OF SUNFLOWER TO VARIOUS PRE-GERMINATION TECHNIQUES FOR BREAKING SEED DORMANCY
No full textAbstract Seed dormancy is considered to be a serious constraint in sunflower seed production. Viable seeds sometimes do not germinate even in the presence of favorable environmental conditions. Such seeds are suspected to be dormant. The study was conducted under controlled/laboratory conditions during spring 2010 at National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad. The objective of the study was to evaluate some techniques to convert a seed from dormant to non-dormant germinable state. Dormant seeds of 21 sunflower hybrids were treated with three hot water treatments (100°/80°C) and four chemicals potassium nitrate, 0.2%, thiourea, 0.5%, ethanol, 25%, acetone, 25% for breaking seed dormancy .The untreated seed was taken as control. Soaking seeds in hot water (80°C) for 15 minutes followed by one day dry and seed treatment with acetone were found to be the most effective and successful techniques in converting the seed from dormant to nondormant state
Comparative Study of Liver Cancer Patients in Arsenic Exposed and Non-exposed Areas of Pakistan
No full textCase–control study of male cancer patients exposed to arsenic-contaminated drinking water and tobacco smoke with relation to non-exposed cancer patients
No full text The investigated data indicated that inorganic arsenic in drinking water is associated with increased mortality from different types of cancers. In the present study, biological samples (blood and scalp hair) of male subjects having lung and bladder cancers and non-cancerous subjects belonging to arsenic (As)-exposed area of southern parts of Pakistan were analysed for As contents. The As levels in drinking water of understudy area showed that sections of understudy population are exposed to arsenic concentrations, which was 3–15-fold higher than the permissible level (<10 μg/L). For comparative purposes the biological samples of matched male cancer patient, as referent patients belonging to big city (Hyderabad) who had used municipal treated water with low arsenic levels <10 μg/L, were also collected. The exposed cancer patients have 2–3-fold higher level of As in both biological samples compared to non-exposed case-matched cancerous male subjects. This study is compelling evidence in support of positive associations between arsenic-contaminated water, food and cigarette with different types of risks of cancer. </jats:p
Anticancer Potential of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus in Colo-rectal Cancer - A Systematic Review of In Vitro Cell Culture Evidence
No full textThis systematic review evaluates preclinical evidence on the anticancer effects of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and its derivatives against colorectal cancer models, synthesizing mechanisms. It aims to identify consistent therapeutic patterns and research gaps to inform standardized reporting and guide future translational and clinical investigations
Heart Rate Variability and Laboratory-Based Loss-of-Control Eating in Children and Adolescents
No full textAmong youth, greater heart rate (HR) and lesser HR variability (HRV) are precursors to loss-of-control (LOC) eating episodes in the natural environment. However, there are limited data examining whether pre-meal HR and HRV are associated with greater LOC-eating in the laboratory setting. We therefore examined temporal relationships between pre-meal HR, frequency- and time-based metrics of pre-meal HRV, perceived LOC-eating, and energy intake during a meal designed to simulate a LOC-eating episode. Among 209 participants (54.5% female, 12.58 ± 2.72 years, 0.52 ± 1.02 BMIz), 19 reported LOC-eating in the prior month. Perceived LOC-eating during the laboratory meal was not significantly linked to pre-meal HR (p = 0.37), but was positively related to pre-meal HRV (ps = 0.02–0.04). This finding was driven by youth with recent LOC-eating, as these associations were not significant when analyses were run only among participants without recent reported LOC-eating (p = 0.15–0.99). Pre-meal HR and HRV were not significantly related to total energy intake (ps = 0.27–0.81). Additional research is required to determine whether early-stage pediatric LOC-eating is preceded by a healthy pre-meal stress response. Longitudinal studies could help clarify whether this pattern becomes less functional over time among youth who develop recurrent LOC-eating episodes
In vivo induction of hepatocellular carcinoma by diethylnitrosoamine and pharmacological intervention in Balb C mice using Bergenia ciliata extracts
No full textAbstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most frequent primary malignancy of liver and accounts for as many as one million deaths worldwide in a year. Objectives The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-cancerous efficiency of Bergenia ciliata rhizome against diethylnitrosoamine induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Balb C mice. Methods One percent diethylnitrosoamine was prepared by using 99 ml of normal saline NaCl (0.9 percent) solution to which was added 1 ml of concentrated diethylnitrosoamine (DEN) solution (0.01 μg/μl). Extract of Bergenia ciliata was prepared by maceration technique. Mice were classified into four groups as follows: Group 1 a control group (N=7) received saline solution (3.5 μl/mg), group 2 (N=14) received diethylnitrosoamine (3.5 μl/mg) intraperitoneally once in a week for eight consecutive weeks, group 3 (N=7) received plant extract (150 mg/kg (Body weight)) once in a week, while group 4 (N=7) was given combination of diethylnitrosoamine (3.5 μl/mg) and plant extract (150 mg/kg (Body weight)). After eight weeks of DEN induction group 2 mice were divided into two subgroups containing seven mice each, subgroup 1 was sacrificed while subgroup 2 was treated with plant extract (150 mg/kg (Body weight)) once in a week for eight consecutive weeks. Results The model of DEN injected hepatocellular carcinomic (HCC) mice elicited significant decline in levels of albumin with concomitant significant elevations in tumor markers aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha feto protein (AFP), gamma glutamyl transferase (Y-GT), 5 nucleotidase (5NT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and bilirubin. The intraperitoneal administration of B. ciliata as a protective agent, produced significant increase in albumin levels with significant decrease in the levels of tumor markers aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha feto protein (AFP), gamma glutamyl transferase (Y-GT), 5 nucleotidase (5NT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and bilirubin. Conclusion Bergenia ciliata has potent antioxidant activity, radical scavenging capacity and anticancerous properties. Bergenia ciliata extracts may provide a basis for development of anti-cancerous drug.</div
Substantial and sustained reduction in under-5 mortality, diarrhea, and pneumonia in Oshikhandass, Pakistan : Evidence from two longitudinal cohort studies 15 years apart
No full textFunding Information: Study 1 was funded through the Applied Diarrheal Disease Research Program at Harvard Institute for International Development with a grant from USAID (Project 936–5952, Cooperative Agreement # DPE-5952-A-00-5073-00), and the Aga Khan Health Service, Northern Areas and Chitral, Pakistan. Study 2 was funded by the Pakistan US S&T Cooperative Agreement between the Pakistan Higher Education Commission (HEC) (No.4–421/PAK-US/HEC/2010/955, grant to the Karakoram International University) and US National Academies of Science (Grant Number PGA-P211012 from NAS to the Fogarty International Center). The funding bodies had no role in the design of the study, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or writing of the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s).Peer reviewe
