74 research outputs found
Study and Review of Medical Treatise Written by Nizamuddin Ahmad Gilani
No full textNizamuddin Ahmad Gilani’s “Medical Treatise” is a concise Persian-language treatise on medical sciences. Nizamuddin Ahmad was a prominent physician during the Safavid era, with a substantial body of work across various scientific domains, particularly medicine. His scholarly contributions underscore Gilani’s expertise in numerous scientific disciplines, with a particular emphasis on medical knowledge. The “Medical Treatise” comprises an introduction and fifteen chapters. In the introduction, the author explores the significance of medical science based on verses from the Holy Qur’an, hadiths attributed to the Holy Prophet and Imams, as well as the wisdom of sages, equating it with religious and Sharia studies. Subsequently, in the fifteen chapters, the text delves into the description of diseases, their causes and treatments, and the insights of esteemed sages like Galen, Hippocrates, and Luqman. This research focuses on the examination and review of the medical treatise available in the Library, Museum, and Documents Center of the Islamic Council
Nature-inspired microfluidic propulsion using magnetic artificial cilia
No full textLab-on-a-chip is a technology that aims at performing analyses of biological samples (such as blood and urine), conventionally performed in a clinical lab, on a small chip. The lab-on-a-chip consists of micro-chambers (where dedicated tests are carried out) connected by micro-channels, through which the bio-fluid has to pass through. In this work, we explore a way to propel fluids through these micro-channels by mimicking the fluid transport mechanisms present in nature at small length scales.
Micron-scale fluid propulsion takes place in nature using hair-like motile appendages known as cilia that beat out-of-phase to result in a wave-like motion (metachronal waves). In addition, individual cilia beat in an asymmetric manner with a distinct effective and recovery stroke. During the effective stroke the cilia are straight and push a large amount of fluid, whereas during the recovery stroke they stay closer to the cell surface and pull back a small amount of fluid. The net fluid propelled is in the direction of the effective stroke.
In this work we design artificial cilia that can be realized using thin films consisting of a polymer matrix filled with magnetic nano-particles, so that they can be actuated using an external magnetic field. We use a coupled magneto-mechanical solid-fluid numerical model to find under what conditions a magnetic film will mimic the asymmetric motion of natural cilia. The response of the artificial cilia is further studied in terms of the dimensionless parameters that govern their physical behavior and the parameter space in which the cilia can generate maximum flow is identified.
Religion, Technology, and Modernization in Islamic Developing Countries: A Case Study of Pakistan
No full textPakistan is one of the Islamic developing countries, and since its independence in 1947 the leaders and administrators of this country have adopted different constitutions to pave the way for modernization. President Ayub Khan of Pakistan not only tried to change the traditional thinking of his countrymen, but also toured the Middle Eastern Islamic countries to urge a reformist revival in Islam (Abbott, 1968).
Religion, technologicalization, and modernization are elements of a controversial issue which has been brought un and discussed among the religious functionaries and polity of Pakistan. The issue is, what should be the role of Islam in the technologicalization and modernization process of Pakistan? So far, no clear understanding of the issue has been reached. The two groups directly involved in the discussion of this issue are politicians and religious functionaries. Politicians blame religious functionaries for the slow modernization process, while religious functionaries hold responsible the masses of people and politicians for this because of their lack of understanding of religion (Abbott, 1968).
Religious functionaries include many men who never attended Islamic schools and did not have enough Islamic knowledge and yet are regarded as sources of religious knowledge (Abbott, 1968)
The Detachment of an Inclined Micro-Pillar Adhered to a Dissimilar Substrate
No full textWe investigate the mechanics of the detachment of an inclined micro-pillar adhered to a dissimilar substrate when subjected to a combination of an axial load and end moment. When the micro-pillar has adhered to the substrate, singular stress fields exist at the bi-material corners. The order of singularity is estimated using asymptotic analysis. The first two terms in the asymptotic expansion lead to singular stress fields. The magnitude of the singularity is evaluated in terms of the elastic mismatch between the pillar and substrate and the micro-pillar inclination. The asymptotic stress due to the moment loading is more sensitive to the micro-pillar inclination when compared to that due to the axial loading. They are insensitive to the micro-pillar inclination when the micro-pillar is rigid when compared to the substrate. A short interfacial crack is further assumed to exist at the bi-material corner. This crack is embedded in the corner singularity region and is loaded by the singular fields due to axial and bending loads. A boundary layer analysis is performed on the singular zone to estimate the stress intensity factor when a short crack embedded in it is subjected to the singular fields. The stress intensity factors are also calculated for a long interfacial crack at the bi-material corner, which extends beyond the singular zone. By using the aforementioned results, we investigate the detachment of the inclined micro-pillar under the combination of an axial load and end moment. © 2021 by ASM
Beckmann Transformation of 2,5,6-Trimethoxyindan-1-one Oxime
No full textThe title compound on Beckmann transformation is cleaved to 2-cyano-4,5-dimethoxyphenylacetaldehyde
Mechanical properties of the idealized inverse opal lattice
No full textThe mechanical properties of an idealized inverse opal lattice have been investigated using analytical
and FE formulation. It is a cubic lattice structure and it’s unit-cell consists of 32 struts. The three
independent elastic constants are calculated through a unit-cell analysis using finite element method
applying periodic boundary conditions. It is found that elastic and shear moduli vary quadratically
with relative density of the lattice under uni-axial stressing and pure shear deformation whereas
the bulk modulus varies linearly under hydrostatic loading. The plastic collapse mechanisms under
plane stress, multi-axial shear, and axisymmetric loading are also analysed for this structure using
the upper bound theorem of plasticity. These results are then verified using FE simulations. We
also report on the buckling of the lattice under hydrostatic loadin
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