7 research outputs found
A research on crime prevention through urban design;the case of sahibata neighbourhood (Konya)
No full textİnsanların yaşamak, çalışmak, sosyal yaşamlarını geçirmek için her şeyden önce en temel sosyal ihtiyacı olan güvenli bir çevrede yaşama hakkı vardır. Suç ve suç korkusu, son dönemde kentli insanın kentsel mekânda karşı karşıya kaldığı, yaşam kalitesini olumsuz etkileyen en önemli problemlerinden biridir. Konunun biyolojik, psikolojik, sosyolojik, ekonomik, kriminolojik ve bunun gibi pek çok farklı boyutları olmasına karşın, bu tez çalışması konuyu yoğunluklu olarak mekânsal, kısmen de sosyolojik perspektiften değerlendirmektedir. Yaşam kalitesini etkileyen böylesine önemli bir problemden hareketle çalışmanın amacı, kentsel yaşam alanlarında suç riskini azaltmada kentsel tasarımın etkili olup olmadığını, etkili ise hangi kentsel tasarım kriterlerinin etkili olduğunu araştırmaktadır. Bir başka deyişle; kentsel mekânlarda meydana gelen suçu aza indirgemek için fiziksel/mekânsal/tasarım açısından neler yapılabiliri tartışmaktır. Bu amaca yönelik olarak, geniş bir literatür araştırması sonucunda, kentsel mekanla ilişkili suç teorileri araştırılmış ve daha güvenli, yaşanabilir, kaliteli mekânların üretilmesinde etkili toplam 20 fiziksel özellik ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmanın bir sonraki aşamasında örnek alan olarak seçilen, Konya kenti genelinde suç oranının en yüksek seviyede olduğu Sahibata Mahallesi'nde bu fiziksel özellikler hem yazarın kendi gözlemleri, görüşmeleri, hem de alandaki toplam 109 kullanıcı ile rastgele örnekleme tekniği kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen anket uygulamaları ile test edilmiştir. Anket uygulaması değerlendirmeleri frekans ve ilişkililik analizleri yardımı ile çözümlenmiş, yazarın kendi gözlemleri ise alanda yapılan görsel analizler ile yorumlanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, kentsel tasarımın suçun aza indirgenmesinde kesinlikle etkili olduğu, fakat tek bir çözüm yolu olamayacağı, konunun diğer tüm boyutları ile birlikte bütüncül olarak uzun vadede değerlendirilmesinin gerekliliği vurgulanmıştır.People have the right to live in a safe environment with the most basic social needs in order to live, work and spend their lives. Crime and fear of crime is one of the most important problems that people face in urban space, which affects the quality of life negatively. Although the subject has many different dimensions such as biological, psychological, sociological, economic and criminological, this study evaluates the subject from the spatial and partly sociological perspective. The main aim of this study is to determine whether urban design is effective in reducing crime and fear of crime in urban spaces, if so, which urban design criteria are effective in this process. Additionally, this thesis aims to discuss what can be done in terms of urban design in order to minimize the crime and fear of crime occurring in urban spaces. For this purpose, firstly, crime theories related to urban space were investigated and a total of 20 physical effective factors in producing safer, livable spaces were revealed as the results of the literature research. Secondly, these effective physical characteristics were tested by author's own observations at the sample area, interviews with the authorized people and a total of 109 questionnaire application with the users. While author's own observations were interpreted by using visual analysis technique, the derived data of questionnaire application were interpreted by using some statistical analysis. Questionnaire application were made by using random sampling technique. In conclusion, some spatial design strategies were produced related to the sample area and it was emphasized that urban design is effective in minimizing crime and fear of crime, but it cannot be a single tool and it is necessary to evaluate the issue in the long term with all other dimensions
Hanefî Fakîhi eş-Şürünbülâlî (994-1069/1586-1659) Hüsâmü'l-Hükkâmi'l-Muhıkkîn li-saddi'l-Buğâti'l-Mu'tedîn 'An Evkâfi'l-Müslimîn" verification of his treatise
No full textTahkikini yaptığımız Hüsâmü'l-Hükkâmi'l-Muhıkkîn li-saddi'l-Buğâti'l-Mu`tedîn `An Evkâfi'l-Müslimîn adlı risâle, Ebü'l-İhlâs Hasan b. `Ammar b. Ali el-Vefâî el-Mısrî eş-Şürünbülâlî tarafından 1050/1640 yılında yazılmıştır. Şürünbülâlî 994/1586 yılında Mısır'ın Menûfiye bölgesinde dünyaya geldi. Şürünbülâlî, henüz küçük yaşta iken babası tarafından götürüldüğü Kahire'ye Camiu'l Ezher'de ilk eğitimini almıştır. Muhammed el-Hamevi, Abdurrehman el-Mesîrî gibi âlimlerinden ders almıştır. Fıkıh ilmini, Abdullah en-Nahrîrî, Muhammed el-Muhibbi ve Nûreddîn Ali b. Gânim el-Makdîsî'den öğrenmiştir. İlim tahsili bittikten sonra Camiu'l Ezher'de ders vermeye başladı. Gerek verdiği dersler, yetiştirdiği öğrenciler ve eserleriyle gerekse örnek şahsiyetiyle müteahhirîn Hanefî ulemasının en gözde âlimlerinden biri oldu. Şürünbülâlî 21 Ramazan 1069/12 Haziran 1659 tarihinde Kahire'de vefat etti. Şürünbülâlî'nin kaleme aldığı bu risâlesi, vakıf bir malın satışının fasit mi batıl mı olduğu hakkındadır. Mısır'da müftülük yapan 10. asır âlimlerinden Nureddîn et-Trablusi (ö. 942/1535) ve Ahmed b. Yunus eş-Şelebi (ö. 947/1540) vakıf bir malın satılmasının batıl değil de fasit olduğuna hüküm vermişler. Şürünbülâlî ise onların verdikleri fetvalarını, Hanefî mezhebine göre açık, sahih ve güçlü kaynaklardan hareketle reddetmeye çalışıp vakıf bir malın satışının batıl olduğunu açıklamıştır. Müellif bu açıklamasıyla vakıflar konusunda hüküm verecek hâkimlere, hükümlerinde tutarlı ve isabetli olabilmeleri için yol göstermeyi amaçlamıştır. Şüphesiz bunu amaçlamakla Müslümanların vakıflarına değişik yollar ve yanlış tevillerle el uzatılmasının ve vakıf kurumunun işlevinin kaybolmasının önüne geçmek istemiştir.Our verification ``Hüsâmü?l-Hükkâmi?l-Muhıkkîn li-saddi?l-Buğâti?l-Mu`tedîn `An Evkâfi?l-Müslimîn?? is written by Ebü?l-İhlâs Hasan b. `Ammar b. Ali el-Vefâî el-Mısrî eş-Şürünbülâlî in 1050/1640. He was born in 1586 in Menufiye region of Egypt. Shurunbulaly, while not yet at a young age by his father and taken to Cairo was first education in Azhar University. Shurunbulaly, who takes lessons from the competent scholars like Muhammed el-Hamevi, Abdurrehman el-Mesîrî and he learned the science of jurisprudence (figh) from Abdullah en-Nahrîrî, Muhammed el-Muhibbi and Nûreddîn Ali b. Gânim el-Makdîsî. after the end of the collection he began teaching in Azhar University. Both the courses, trained students and scholars of the works and was one of the most popular web personality müteahhirîn Hanafi scholars. Shurunbulaly died in Cairo on 21 Ramadan 1069 / 12 June 1659. Shurunbulaly penned this treatise, is the sale of a property that is about the vicious superstitious foundation. Egypt mufti who 10. century scholars Nureddin et-Trablusi (942/1535) and Ahmad b. Yunus eş-selebi (947/1540), the sale of a property trust that the judge had given false and not vicious. Shurunbulaly, According to the Hanafi sect, open, genuine and strong movement to refuse to work sources announced the sale of a property trust is superstitious. The author of this description of the judges will rule on the foundations, the provision aims to show the way to become a consistent and accurate. Of course this meant the extension of Muslims and private foundations used in different ways and wrong tevillerle agency wanted to avoid the loss of functio
Studying wedge factors and beam profiles for physical and enhanced dynamic wedges
No full textThis study was designed to investigate variation in Varian′s Physical and Enhanced Dynamic Wedge Factors (WF) as a function of depth and field size. The profiles for physical wedges (PWs) and enhanced dynamic wedges (EDWs) were also measured using LDA-99 array and compared for confirmation of EDW angles at different depths and field sizes. WF measurements were performed in water phantom using cylindrical 0.66 cc ionization chamber. WF was measured by taking the ratio of wedge and open field ionization data. A normalized wedge factor (NWF) was introduced to circumvent large differences between wedge factors for different wedge angles. A strong linear dependence of PW Factor (PWF) with depth was observed. Maximum variation of 8.9% and 4.1% was observed for 60° PW with depth at 6 and 15 MV beams respectively. The variation in EDW Factor (EDWF) with depth was almost negligible and less than two per cent. The highest variation in PWF as a function of field size was 4.1% and 3.4% for thicker wedge (60°) at 6 and 15 MV beams respectively and decreases with decreasing wedge angle. EDWF shows strong field size dependence and significant variation was observed for all wedges at both photon energies. Differences in profiles between PW and EDW were observed on toe and heel sides. These differences were dominant for larger fields, shallow depths, thicker wedges and low energy beam. The study indicated that ignoring depth and field size dependence of WF may result in under/over dose to the patient especially doing manual point dose calculation
Attitudes towards the children immunization at population level in Sheikh Maltoon Town, Mardan, KPK
No full textIntroduction: Vaccine is a substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases, prepared from causative agent of disease, its products or a synthetic substitute, treated to act as an antigen without inducing the disease. In current world, vaccine is the most effective method of preventing infectious disease. It is also one of the cost effective method against high morbid diseases. Although despite its effectiveness, proper vaccination has not been achieved. This could be the result of defect in the any step in the conduction of vaccination of process but the most important factor affecting vaccination is attitudes of population towards immunization and different barriers for population for achieving proper vaccination. Our study is important because so far, there is no such study done in the setting of sheikh maltoon town, Mardan, KPK. Objectives: Our objectives were: 1) To determine the different attitudes of parents towards children immunization, 2) To determine different myths and beliefs regarding immunization. Methodology: The study design used for the study was cross-sectional, conducted in the setting of sheikh maltoon town, mardan, kpk. 
Structural, optical, electrical and photocatalytic properties Ce-doped SnO2 nanoparticles for photoelectrochemical applications
No full textAbstract SnO2 nanoparticles accompanied by various concentrations of Ce as dopant material were prepared to extend the optical absorption spectrum near the visible spectrum. The Ce-doped SnO2 NPs at 0.5% (w/w) exhibit significantly higher photocatalytic ability compared to pure SnO2. This enhancement has potential applications in environmental remediation, energy storage, and optoelectronic devices. The microstructures and optical properties of the prepared samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR, EDS, SEM, and UV–vis DRS. The results showed that the nanoparticles are in the tetragonal rutile SnO2 phase. Increasing Ce concentration (over 0.5% (w/w)) shifted the absorption edge towards higher wavelengths and the band gap energy drops from 3.620 to 3.031 eV. The FTIR spectrum confirmed the O–Sn–O bond information in the synthesized samples. The SEM images showed the formation of nearly spherical nanoparticles. Ce-doped SnO2 NPs have smaller primary particles than SnO2 NPs. Reduction in the band gap due to an increase in defects by Ce doping is found and confirmed by the UV–Vis spectra. The existence of Sn and O elements was confirmed by the observed EDS spectra. A plausible photocatalytic mechanism was proposed for the degradation of Methylene blue under UV light to examine the photocatalytic activity of SnO2 and Ce-doped SnO2 NPs photocatalyst. The Ce-doped SnO2 NPs display improved photocatalytic activity compared to SnO2. The influence of Ce concentration doping on the electrical properties was observed at room temperature. Impedance decreases with the frequency and Ce concentration while ac conductivity is increases with the frequency and Ce concentration. The dielectric constant and the dielectric loss rise up with the Ce doping and decrease with the frequency. Among the synthesized samples, the Ce-doped SnO2 depict improved ability of photodegradation and the optimal ability of SnO2 nanoparticles was achieved at 0.5% Ce doping
THERMODYNAMIC STUDY OF BINARY ALLOY SYSTEM (Co–Cr) USING CALPHAD METHOD
No full text This paper reports the thermodynamic analysis of (Co–Cr) system using THERMO-calc package (basis for CALPHAD) and PBIN database. Calculations involve binary phase diagram, Gibb’s energy curve and activity curve at three different elevated temperatures 2125[Formula: see text]K, 2150[Formula: see text]K and 2175[Formula: see text]K. Induced miscibility gap is observed at particular concentration. Binary phase diagram shows variation in phases in prescribed alloy with increasing temperature and mole fraction concentration of [Formula: see text]. The total Gibbs energy decreases with increasing temperature showing the stability of Co–Cr system. Activity showed thorough fluctuation resulting in negative deviation from Raoult’s law ideal curve. </jats:p
Interfacial Photothermal Heat Accumulation for Simultaneous Salt Rejection and Freshwater Generation; an Efficient Solar Energy Harvester
No full textWater scarcity has emerged as an intense global threat to humanity and needs prompt attention from the scientific community. Solar-driven interfacial evaporation and seawater desalination are promising strategies to resolve the primitive water shortage issue using renewable resources. However, the fragile solar thermal devices, complex fabricating techniques, and high cost greatly hinder extensive solar energy utilization in remote locations. Herein, we report the facile fabrication of a cost-effective solar-driven interfacial evaporator and seawater desalination system composed of carbon cloth (CC)-wrapped polyurethane foam (CC@PU). The developed solar evaporator had outstanding photo-thermal conversion efficiency (90%) with a high evaporation rate (1.71 kg m−2 h−1). The interfacial layer of black CC induced multiple incident rays on the surface allowing the excellent solar absorption (92%) and intensifying heat localization (67.37 °C) under 1 kW m−2 with spatially defined hydrophilicity to facilitate the easy vapor escape and validate the efficacious evaporation structure using extensive solar energy exploitation for practical application. More importantly, the long-term evaporation experiments with minimum discrepancy under seawater conditions endowed excellent mass change (15.24 kg m−2 in consecutive 8 h under 1 kW m−2 solar irradiations) and promoted its operational sustainability for multi-media rejection and self-dissolving potential (3.5 g NaCl rejected from CC@PU surface in 210 min). Hence, the low-cost and facile fabrication of CC@PU-based interfacial evaporation structure showcases the potential for enhanced solar-driven interfacial heat accumulation for freshwater production with simultaneous salt rejection
