784 research outputs found
sj-doc-1-smo-10.1177_20503121231160408 – Supplemental material for A systematic review on the available treatment modalities for Bacillus Calmette–Guérin-unresponsive carcinoma in situ and tumors in patients who are ineligible for or decline radical cystectomy
No full textSupplemental material, sj-doc-1-smo-10.1177_20503121231160408 for A systematic review on the available treatment modalities for Bacillus Calmette–Guérin-unresponsive carcinoma in situ and tumors in patients who are ineligible for or decline radical cystectomy by Saad Syed, Mansoor Rahman, Aisha Israr, Masroor Anwar, Sumalatha Khatroth, Danish Safi and Amir Kamran in SAGE Open Medicine</p
Assessing the role of microRNAs in the suppression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition by the FRY tumor suppressor gene
No full textThe tumor suppressor gene, Fry, induces reversal of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype in the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Based on in silico predictions made by Ingenuity Pathway AnalysisTM (IPA), we hypothesized that FRY and microRNAs interact and these interactions link FRY to EMT. In this study we attempted to identify microRNAs that are differentially expressed in breast cancer cells without (MDA-MB-231) and with (231wCFry) ectopic Fry expression. Using TaqMan MicroRNA Array Cards to screen of over 700 microRNAs, we identified 118 microRNAs that were differentially expressed between cells with and without Fry expression. Among the differentially expressed microRNAs, hsa-mir-25, hsa-mir-106b, and hsa-mir-203 were previously associated with EMT. We used IPA to build interaction networks between microRNAs, FRY, and two genes (CACNAID, and NDR1), whose expression levels were tightly correlated with the expression of FRY. This in silico approach suggested that hsa-mir-515 may play a role. However, our results indicated that the expression of has-mir-515 was not significantly changed by ectopic expression of Fry expression in MDA-MB-231 cells. We next chose to investigate hsa-mir-301b, whose expression was known to be increased in certain cancers. Our results showed hsa-mir-301b expression is decreased 100-fold in MCF-10A and 231wCFry as compared the to the MDA-MB-231 cell line. This correlation suggested that hsa-mir-301b could play a role in tumorigencity of breast cancer, and ectopic expression of Fry may contribute to decreased hsa-mir-301b expression. The microRNA hsa-mir-4728-3p was found to share 83% alignment complementarity to the mRNA nucleotide region 4,561-4,583 of Fry. Expression of hsa-mir-4728-3p was decreased 100-fold in 231wCFry and increased in 2.5-fold in MCF-10A compared to MDA-MB-231 cells. These findings were unexpected given previous studies demonstrating a direct relationship between transcription of hsa-mir-4728-3p and ERRB2. Given that these cell lines do not express ERRB2 the observed increased expression of mir-4728-3p in MCF-10 cells and decrease in expression in 231wCFry compared to MDA-MB-231 was unexpected. The studies described in this thesis indicated ectopic expression of the Fry tumor suppressor gene in the triple negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line correlates with the expression of numerous microRNAs, including many previously linked to EMT and carcinogenesis.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby Nashmia Mansoor Mali
Stateless (bidoon) children in Kuwait and the right to education
No full text"In international law, a stateless person is one that is ""not considered as a national by any state under the operation of its law"". According to the UN Higher Commission for Refugees, there are more than 10 million stateless people around the world. In Kuwait, a country of four million people there are almost 110,000 stateless people, and only 31% of the population enjoy the full array of generous benefits that come with citizenship rights. In Kuwait, people without a nationality are known as Bidoon, which literally means “without.” This research seeks to investigate the history of the Bidoon in Kuwait, particularly in relation to social policies and access to education. It also aims to better understand how families with the status of statelessness navigate their lives and provide education and opportunities for their children. My goal is to shed light on the lived experiences of Bidoon children and families, and to propose political and policy solutions to the problems around educational access, legal status, and the rights of Bidoon children."Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2022-05-01The student, Abdullah Mansoor, accepted the attached license on 2019-12-05 at 14:01.The student, Abdullah Mansoor, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2019-12-05 at 14:14.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2019-12-10 at 14:08.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #14719 on 2020-08-25 at 17:38:04Made available in DSpace on 2020-08-27T00:46:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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What macroeconomic policies are"sound?"
No full textMost people agree that the soundness of macroeconomic policies should be judged by their efficacy in meeting the objectives of steady growth, full employment, stable prices, and a viable external payments situation. What people debate about are the links between macroeconomics and economic structure--and in the current environment, the openness to foreign capital flows. As developing countries become more integrated into international financial markets, volatility may become an increasing fact of life. Faced with such volatility, how should these countries frame their macroeconomic policies? What broad principles should guide their macroeconomic management? In many developing countries, the openness of the capital account has been significant. Many countries have made the transition toward an open-economic paradigm. As a result, fluctuations in international capital and currency markets, as well as shifts in foreign investors'attitudes and confidence, have greatly affected local stock market prices, the level of foreign exchange reserves, and the scope for monetary and interest rate policy. Capital controls and foreign exchange restrictions have been significantly dismantled in a number of developing and transition economies. In 1970, only 34 countries--or 30 percent of the International Monetary Fund's membership-had assumed Article VIII of the IMF Articles of Agreement, declaring their currency convertible on current account transactions. By 1997, this figure had increased to 77 percent. Does financial integration make it more difficult to achieve macroeconomic stability? Apparently not, on the whole, although at times large short-term capital flows can lead to misaligned asset prices, including exchange rates. What financial integration does do is limit how far countries can pursue policies incompatible with medium-term financial stability. The disciplining effect of global financial and product markets applies not only to policymakers-through pressures on financial markets-but also to the private sector. Rather than constrain the pursuit of appropriate policies, globalization may add leverage and flexibility to such policies, easing financing constraints and extending the time during which countries can make adjustments. But markets will provide this leeway only if they perceive that countries are undertaking adjustments that address fundamental choices.Economic Theory&Research,Fiscal&Monetary Policy,Payment Systems&Infrastructure,Banks&Banking Reform,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Environmental Economics&Policies,Financial Intermediation,Economic Theory&Research,Macroeconomic Management
On the meshfree particle methods for fluid-structure interaction problems
No full textThis paper presents a review of recent progress made towards the application of the meshfree particle methods (MPMs) for solving coupled fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems. Meshfree methods are categorized based on their mathematical formulation and treatment of computational data points. The advantages and limitations of these methods, particularly related to FSI applications, have been identified. A detailed account of salient works related to the FSI problems involving complex geometries, viscous flows, and large structural deformations has been presented and the benchmark solutions are identified for future research. Compared to their mesh-based counterparts, MPMs are found better suited in negotiating moving boundaries and complex geometries, features that are the hallmark of FSI problems. However, the biggest challenge to their wider acceptability is their implementation and programming complexity, higher computational cost, and lack of commercial software packages. So far, meshfree methods have mostly been limited to applications, where conventional methods show limited performance. Owing to its promising growth potential, partitioned FSI is the prime emphasis of this paper. Various aspects of partitioned FSI have been identified and classified for meshfree FSI problems, which include problem formulation strategies, domains discretization approaches, solver coupling methodology, interface treatment, benchmark problems, computational load, and availability of commercial software. Furthermore, various challenges involved in employing MPM for FSI have also been identified and discussed along with the state-of-the-art in meshfree methods and FSI applications, and a future way forward has been proposed. In essence, this paper is an effort to identify and classify key aspects of MPM application for FSI and suggest potential avenues to explore the full potential of MPM capabilities for the solution of coupled problems
The effects of debt subsidies on corporate investment behavior
No full textThis paper argues that credit subsidies are ineffective in stimulating business investment in productive assets. Instead, they lead to an increase in corporate holdings of financial assets and real estate. For empirical verification, the investment patterns in a sample of 241 Korean corporations listed on the Korean Stock Exchange between 1984 and 1988 were examined. The authors found a significant positive relation between corporate speculative asset holding and access to subsidized loans. Their estimates indicate that without interest rate controls and other forms of subsidy, corporate holdings of speculative assets would have been one-seventh of observed levels. Moreover, most corporate real estate holdings appear to be unrelated to production activities. Little evidence is found that the Korean government's interest rate controls and credit allocation policy have accelerated expansion of corporate investment. If anything, the controls are partly to blame for the overheated Korean stock market during 1986-88.Economic Theory&Research,International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Banks&Banking Reform,Environmental Economics&Policies,Municipal Financial Management
Are Status of Women and Contraceptive Prevalence Correlated in Pakistan?
No full textPakistan with an estimated population of around 142.5 million in mid 2001 is the seventh most populous country in the world and fourth in Asia and Pacific countries. The historical trends indicate a continuously increasing growth in population (Table 1). The population of the area now constituting Pakistan was 16.6 million in 1901. Since then the population has increased over eight-fold. Annual growth rates have risen from 1 percent in the first three decades of the century to around 2 percent in the next three decades and after peaking at little over 3 percent in the 1960s, has started showing a declining trend. Currently it is estimated that Pakistan’s population is growing at around 2.1 percent, still a very high rate of annual growth in population. Major contributing factor to the fast growth in population of Pakistan has been high fertility which has remained high for a very long period. It is evident that nearly 100 million population has been added to the population of Pakistan since 1961, that is, during the last four decades. Such rapid growth in population has several adverse implications for the socio-economic development of the country which has been offsetting the gains in social and economic development.
ڈاکٹر سید محمد ابوالخیر کشفیؒ کا اسلوب سیرت نگاری قرآنی تناظر میں: Dr. Syed Muhammad Abul Khair Kashfi's style of Biography Hazrat Muhammad SAW in the Context of Quran
No full textLiterature and biography Hazrat Muhammad SAW started from the creation of humanity when Allah Ta'ala took two promises from all mankind, one promise of His lordship and divinity, the other promise only to Ibniyya and Russal انبیاء و رسولpeace be upon him, the end of prophethood the Prophet (peace be upon him) which is only mentioned in the Qur'an. Which has been mentioned in Surah Al-Imaran. Later, from the time of the Prophet (peace be upon him), the custom of writing down his likenesses and characteristics of Hadiths became common. The collection of books has come into being. Urdu language is also very wide in this regard, in which there are thousands of books, articles and essays. The sources from which literature has come into existence can be divided as follows. Literature has grown up in various languages, regional, international, and in Urdu literature, language and literature have a very important role, especially in this region of the Subcontinent, such mature personalities have awakened. Played a significant role in it, Maulana Shibli Nomani, Syed Suleiman Nadvi, Qazi Suleiman Mansoor Puri, Mizar Hirate Dehlavi, Professor Abdul Jabbar Shakir are prominent who introduced different styles of biography, a figure of the same series Urdu language literature. Professor Dr. Syed Abul Khair Kashfi, who introduced the style of biographical writing in the Quranic context, is in dire need of highlighting and spreading this capital of Urdu language and literature. Before discussing the topic, various sources of biography are described
Reflections on credit policy in developing countries: its effect on private investment
No full textPrevious approaches to credit policy in the stabilization and adjustment of developing countries have emphasized either the role of the availability of credit or the role of its price - that is, the interest rate. The authors argue that effective credit policy in developing countries must take into account both interest rate and credit channels. The authors develop their argument in the context of the link between credit policy and private investment, using a model of firms'investment behavior in an economy with exogenous, time-varying borrowing constraints. The model incorporates a credit ceiling linked to the firms'net worth and the state of the credit market. The state of the credit market depends on factors such as credit and interest rate policy, regulatory and supervisory practices, and market sentiments that banks consider in making lending decisions. These factors affect banks'decisions independent of a borrower's creditworthiness. Thus, in times of tight money, firms that would otherwise have received loans may be denied them and have to postpone or cut back investment plans. The authors use their model to specify an equation relating aggregate private investment to aggregate output and to two credit market variables. Their findings show that interest rates and credit volume exert a joint influence on the behavior of private investment in the countries examined.Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Financial Intermediation,International Terrorism&Counterterrorism
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