140 research outputs found
To Battle Income Inequality, Focus on Military Expenditures: Lesson from Pakistan
Get PDFThis study investigates the impact of military expenditures on income inequality in Pakistan using data over the period of 1972-2012. In doing so, we have applied the ARDL bounds testing cointegration approach which confirmed the presence of long run relationship between military expenditures and income inequality. Furthermore, empirical analysis indicates that military expenditures have positive impact on income inequality. The analysis of Granger causality, Toda and Yamamoto Modified Wald causality and variance decomposition approaches confirm the unidirectional causal relationship running from military expenditures to income inequality. The findings suggest that military expenditures would be a significant policy option to control income inequality and should be considered as a mean to improve income distribution in Pakistan
Energy Conservation Policies may affect Trade Performance in Pakistan: Confirmation of Feedback Hypothesis
Get PDFThis study investigates the relationship between energy consumption and trade performance in Pakistan by using the annual time series data from the period of 1973-2011. The cointegration results confirm the valid long run relationship between energy consumption and trade performance. Our results indicate that gross domestic product, exports and imports have positive impact on energy consumption. The findings of Generalized forecast error variance decomposition method under vector autoregressive (VAR) system suggest the bidirectional causal relationship of gross domestic product, exports and imports with energy consumption. This confirms the presence of feedback hypothesis in Pakistan. We note that energy conservation policies will reduce the trade performance which leads to decline in economic growth in Pakistan. The present study may guide policy makers in formulating a conclusive energy and trade policies for sustainable growth for long span of time
Correction: Ali et al. Real-Time Recognition of NZ Sign Language Alphabets by Optimal Use of Machine Learning. Bioengineering 2025, 12, 1068
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Autonomous Navigation Using Partial Artificial Potential Fields On Differential Drive Turtlebot
No full textDoes economic policy uncertainty influence gold prices? Evidence from a nonparametric causality-in-quantiles approach
No full textIsopropyl alcohol as anti-emetic therapy in the emergency department: study protocol for a multi-center randomized controlled trial
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Background: Nausea and vomiting is a common and distressing presenting complaint in Emergency Departments (EDs). There is no definite evidence to support the superiority of any anti-emetic therapy over another, or over placebo. Identification of an effective anti-emetic therapy in the ED setting with minimal side effects would be of great benefit. Isopropyl alcohol inhalation has been reported to be an effective treatment for post-operative nausea and vomiting, with no reported adverse events. The objective of this study is to determine if nasally inhaled isopropyl alcohol swabs are effective in alleviating nausea and/or vomiting in patients presenting to the ED with a chief complaint of nausea and/or vomiting.
Methods: We will conduct a randomized, controlled, multicenter trial with three subject arms: 1) nasally inhaled isopropyl alcohol swabs every 10 minutes for a total of one hour, 2) nasally inhaled isopropyl alcohol swabs every 20 minutes for a total of one hour, or 3) no intervention. 135 participants ≥18 years old and presenting to the ED with a chief complaint of nausea and/or vomiting with a level of 3 or greater on a verbal numeric rating scale (NRS) will be recruited for a duration of two hours. The primary outcome measure is the mean reduction in nausea scores comparing the pre-intervention score to the lowest post-intervention nausea score. The secondary outcome measures will be participant satisfaction scores using a verbal NRS, receipt of any rescue anti-emetic medications, ED length of stay, and participant disposition (admission or discharge home).
Discussion: This study will determine the efficacy of inhaled isopropyl alcohol swabs by determining the optimal dosing frequency achieving adequate anti-emetic action. This has the potential to guide future triage protocols to incorporate this therapy to provide earlier symptomatic relief to patients, and also has the potential to prevent morbidity suffered by patients in the emergency department and improving patient satisfaction and efficiently use in-patient resources. We strongly suspect that once this study is performed, it will be useful for ED physicians in treating nausea and vomiting in the ED
Achieving Software Release Management and Continuous Integration using Maven, Jenkins and Artifactory
No full textIt is often required that the developers working on a single module or software project, while working from remote locations. Scenarios like that increase complexity and challenge to manage releases and to merge their daily work in a single artifact. For component based development, developers are responsible for the merging their own work with others and to make sure the integrations went smooth with no error and problems. Sometimes it’s hard to do this job because of the large size of team members, big project size or geographically separated teams. Through Continuous integration this whole process becomes lot easier because all the validations and verifications will be done by an automated job. This job will check for the changes in the project code and whenever a change happens it will run the build process automatically, which detects errors and problems with the code and also notifies the concerned team member who is responsible for this error. This study introduces an approach to setup a Continuous Integrations techniques in a project using open source tools like Maven, Jenkins and Artifactory
A Management of forgotten double J Ureteric stent in a young male: A Case Report
Get PDFUrologic devices called Double-J stents (DJSs) are frequently used to treat urinary tract blockage. Advancement in endourology in last few decades has led to an increase in use of ureteric stents and so its related complications. Herein, we report a case of a 17 years old male patient of poor socioeconomic background from a remote village of Afghanistan, presented to our out-patient department with abdominal pain at the right flank. He had history of double J stent placement during right open pyelolithotomy 6 year before. However, no further details were available
Efficacy of Tamsulosin Alone and Combination with Tolterodine in Managing Intramural Ureteric Stone
Get PDFObjective: To compare the efficacy of Tamsulosin alone and combination with in managing intramural ureteric stone in order to obviate the need for surgical treatment and related complications
Methodology: A total of 104 patients with distal ureteral stones were included in the study (90 men and 14 women) age ranging from 19 to 59 years. Those with stones less than 10 mm and allowing urinary flow were included in the study. Asymptomatic or incidentally found Intramural Ureteric Stone, Ureteric stone along with kidney stone, Presence of urinary sepsis, Chronic kidney disease stage 4 or stage 5, Pregnancy, Patients currently taking an α-blocker/Antimuscrinic agents, Gross hydronephrosis, Diabetes were excluded from the study. After randomization, divided 2 groups and patients were given respective drugs. Group 1 patients received Tamsulosin 0.4 mg/day, group 2 patients received Tamsulosin 0.4 mg/day plus 2 mg (twice a day).
Results: The mean days of stone expulsion was 20.05± 6.11 and 10.41±4.63 days in group 1 and 2, respectively which was significantly shorter in group 2 (p-value, <0.001). Overall in 43 (82.6%) patients in group 2 and 34 (65.3%) cases in group 2, stone was expulsed before 28 days. The expulsion of intramural ureteric stones were more observed in patients treated with combination therapy (group 2) than tamulosin alone therapy. The mean duration of expulsion of stones was also found significantly shorter the combination therapy group.
Conclusion: In the present study, the expulsion of intramural ureteric stones were more observed in patients treated with combination therapy (group 2) than tamulosin alone therapy. It is concluded that Tamsulosin combined with has a better effect in terms of intramural ureteric stone expulsion
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