1,720,972 research outputs found
Respiratoire effecten als gevolg van blootstellingen aan kwartshoudend stof in de Nederlandse bouwnijverheid
No full textIs big data risk assessment a novelty?
Get PDFObjective: What metaphors, models and theories were developed in the safety science domain? And which research was based upon ‘big data’? Method: The study was confined to original articles and documents, written in English or Dutch from the period under consideration. Results and conclusions: From the start of the 20th century, human error was a dominant explanation for causes of occupational accidents. Although external factors were seen as main contributors, it was not till after World War II when scenario analysis was conducted in detail. The main drivers were the upscaling op the process industry in this period, as well as the introduction of high hazardous industries, like aerospace and nuclear sector, and consequently disasters occurring in these sectors. Already from the beginning, big data research was no exception in the safety science domain. ‘Big’ in this context is defined by numbers
Teachers and trainers of occupational safety courses, is certification necessary?
No full textValues and TechnologyTechnology, Policy and Managemen
Safety in construction?
No full textThe available literature on Construction Safety is not very optimistic about the chances of evidence-based safety in the construction industry exerting a positive influence. Many articles indicate that the structures and processes that are designed to ensure safety in the industry are poor. Safety management systems do not work, or only partially, the business processes executed are fragmentary, it is not clear who is responsible for safety and parties lower in the construction hierarchy tend to be saddled with the consequences. Safety detracts from the primary production process and is seen as a bureaucratic burden. But there are some positive developments as well. Lists of prevalent accident scenarios and significant events are available and information is published on barrier failures. What is missing is a reliable exposure gauge of the relative importance of scenarios and the identification of pivotal events. The more clearly the cause-effect chains of accident processes can be recorded, the more specific the measures, solutions and interventions can be when it comes to avoiding or reducing the effects of accident scenarios. Audit methods have also been developed, such as the Safety Index, which can be used to not only negatively but also positively assess safety. Finally an approach that can best be described as ‘frappez toujours’ seems to yield noticeable results. In such cases it does not really matter what safety steps are taken. Simply highlighting the issue is a factor that can, in itself, have an effect.Values and TechnologyTechnology, Policy and Managemen
Nieuwe rollen. Nieuwe risico's? Wie is verantwoordelijk voor wat, bij bedrijven met grote externe, chemische risico's?
No full textValues and TechnologyTechnology, Policy and Managemen
Asbest: Het inzicht in de schadelijke gevolgen in de periode 1930-1969 in Nederland
No full textUitgegeven in opdracht van de Technische Universiteit Delft, Afdeling der Wijsbegeerte en Technische Maatschappijwetenschappen, Vakgroep Veiligheidskunde.Delft University of Technolog
Predicting major hazard accidents by monitoring their barrier systems: A validation in retrospective
No full textOCI Nitrogen, one of Europe's largest fertilizer producers, is investigating the extent to which it is possible to take targeted measures at an early stage and stop the development of major hazard accident processes. An innovative model has been developed and recently explained and elaborated in a number of publications. This current paper contains a validation of the model by looking at the BP Texas City incident in 2005. The bowtie metaphor is used to visually present the BP Texas City refinery incident, showing the barrier system from different perspectives. Not only is the barrier system looked at from its trustworthiness on the day of the incident but also from the perspective of the control room operator, and from a design to current standards of best practice. The risk reductions of these different views are calculated and compared to their original design. In addition, evidence and findings from the investigations have been categorized as flaws and allocated to nine organizational factors. These flaws may affect the barrier system's quality or trustworthiness, or may act as ‘accident pathogens’ (see also Reason, 1990) creating latent, dangerous conditions. This paper sheds new light on the monitoring of accident processes and the barrier management to control them, and demonstrates that the BP Texas City refinery incident could have been foreseen using preventive barrier indicators and monitoring organizational factors.</p
Determining a realistic ranking of the most dangerous process equipment of the ammonia production process: A practical approach
No full textOCI Nitrogen seeks to gain knowledge of (leading) indicators regarding the process safety performance of their ammonia production process. The current research determines the most dangerous process equipment by calculating their effects resulting from a loss of containment using DNV GL's Phast™ dispersion model. In this paper, flammable and toxic effects from a release from the main equipment of an ammonia plant have been calculated. Such an encompassing approach, which can be carried out for an entire plant, is innovative and has never been conducted before. By using this model, it has been demonstrated that the effects arising from an event of failure are the largest in process equipment containing pressurized synthesis gas and ‘warm’ liquid ammonia, meaning the ammonia buffer tanks, ammonia product pumps, and the ammonia separator. Most importantly, this document substantiates that it is possible to rank the most hazardous process equipment of the ammonia production process based on an adverse impact on humans using the calculated effect distance as a starting point for a chance of death of at least 95%. The results from the effect calculations can be used for risk mapping of an entire chemical plant or be employed and applied in a layer of protection analysis (LOPA) to establish risk mitigation measures.Safety and Security Scienc
Preventing major hazard accidents through barrier performance monitoring
No full textForeseeing or even predicting major accidents is understandably challenging, both for any practitioner involved as for safety scientists and other academics. Understanding these events and trying to prevent them is a primary goal of a safety theory. Major hazard-related accidents rarely occur but when they do, they can cause many casualties and injured, and have major financial consequences due to production loss, material damage to the installation and/or environmental damage. Ultimately, major hazard-related accidents may ruin the company involved. Process safety is becoming more and more important in the process industry and is strongly linked to reliability, quality, productivity, security of supply, and good business....Safety and Security Scienc
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