143,124 research outputs found
What makes a cherry red?: an investigation into flavonoid pathway regulation in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruit.
No full textColour is an important fruit quality indicator because many consumers make their selections based primarily on this trait. Inheritance of colour has been studied within sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) populations and as a result fruit colour is thought to be determined by three genetic factors. A flesh colour factor (F) and the major skin colour factor (A) are the main determinants of fruit colour, where red pigmentation is incompletely dominant over yellow. A third factor, the minor skin colour factor (B), can produce blush skin but is epistatically masked by a dominant A allele. The pigments that colour fruit are known as anthocyanins, synthesised via the transcriptionally regulated flavonoid pathway, which also synthesizes the related secondary metabolites, condensed tannins and flavonols. In other fruit and flower species, mutations in flavonoid pathway or regulatory genes can lead to non-functional alleles that explain the inheritance of colour. However the genes encoding the genetic colour factors are not known in sweet cherry. Therefore, this research has endeavoured to study the cherry flavonoid pathway and its transcriptional regulation, with a view to determining the genetic differences responsible for yellow, blush, red and black cultivars. To achieve this aim, genes encoding flavonoid pathway enzymes and putative regulators of flavonoid synthesis were isolated from the red sweet cherry cultivar ‘Lapins’. PaMYBA1, an R2R3-MYB factor, possessing a high degree of sequence similarity with characterised anthocyanin regulators and conserved C-terminal motifs common within this type of protein, was identified. Functional characterisation of PaMYBA1 demonstrated its ability to activate transcription from the promoters of chalcone synthase (MdCHS), which encodes an enzyme that performs the first committed step in the synthesis of flavonoids, and the anthocyanin biosynthetic gene UDP-glycosyl:flavonoid-3-O-glycosyltransferase (MdUFGT). Furthermore, correlation between anthocyanin accumulation and the expression profile of PaMYBA1 in developing ‘Lapins’ fruit and light-treated blush-skinned ‘Ranier’ fruit suggest that PaMYBA1 might be an important colour factor. Transcript analysis revealed that PaMYBA1 is necessary for the production of colour in cherries; PaMYBA1 is not expressed in the solid yellow fruit of ‘Yellow Glass’ that lacks anthocyanins. However, similar levels of expression of PaMYBA1 in blush, red and black sweet cherry fruit indicate that there are additional factors that contribute to differences in colour intensity. The intense colour and increased flavonoid levels of the black sweet cherry ‘Sam’, compared with the blush and red fruits tested, correlated with a large increase in the expression of the putative tannin regulator PaMYBPA1 in this cultivar. In a functional assay, PaMYBPA1 could trans-activate not only the promoters of the tannin genes anthocyanidin reductase (VvANR) and leucaonthocyanidin reductase (VvLAR), but also of MdCHS and MdUFGT. Therefore, it is possible that PaMYBPA1 could regulate both tannin and anthocyanin synthesis, particularly when expressed at high levels. Taking into consideration the expression of flavonoid pathway genes in different sweet cherry cultivars and tissues, and under different environmental conditions, together with published scientific observations of the genetic factors contributing to fruit colour, we have developed a working model for flavonoid pathway regulation in sweet cherry fruit. Aspects of the model remain to be determined, such as the involvement of two additional anthocyanin-type MYB factors PaMYBA2 and PaMYBA3 in fruit pigmentation. However, it provides a general understanding of differences in the activity of the flavonoid pathway between sweet cherry cultivars, and moves us closer to knowing the identity of the inherited factors that determine skin and flesh colour in sweet cherry fruit.Thesis (Ph.D) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 201
Kristen L. Scholfield-Sweet : My Mythology
No full textScholfield-Sweet elaborates on her personal vision and the mythologies that inform her work
A TARGET MOTAD ANALYSIS OF SWEET POTATO MARKETING
No full textDecisions regarding when to harvest and when to sell sweet potatoes are more complex than for other crops because yields continue to increase after the crop is initially ready for harvest, and sweet potatoes can either be sold at harvest or cured and stored for later sale. The optimum marketing decision, based on expected net revenue, is dependent on yield and prices and their variability, and on costs of storage. A marketing strategy is developed using Target MOTAD and data covering 21 years.Marketing,
Samuel Sweet
No full textPublished photograph of the Telegraph Fleet anchored in Darwin Harbour by Captain Sweet. L-R: side by side the Gulnare and the Bengal, Hibernia, Investigator, Edinburgh. These ships were involved in the construction of the Overland Telegraph and the laying of the submarine telegraph cable to Java. The Gulnare brought surveyor George Goyder to Darwin in 1869.Rodd, A. H
Varietal Performance of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas l.) Planted in Between Mulberry (Morus alba l.) Trees
No full textThis study, conducted at the Sericulture Research Area of Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, evaluated the performance of ten sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) varieties intercropped with mulberry (Morus alba) trees. The tested varieties- SP 36, SP 35, Swerte, Kalbooy, SP 25, Bokod, Bengueta, Honey Perpetua, Rovisa, and Tinapay were sourced from the Philippine Root Crops Training Center. The research aimed to assess varietal adaptability, growth, and yield potential under the partial shade of mulberry plantations. Significant differences were observed in vine length, number of tubers per plant, and secondary vine development, indicating varied growth responses. However, computed yield per plot showed no significant differences, suggesting comparable productivity across varieties. The minimal number of non-marketable tubers further confirmed produce quality. These findings demonstrate that sweet potato can be successfully integrated into mulberry-based agroforestry systems without compromising yield, offering a sustainable and diversified land-use strategy for farmers
Economic Feasibility of Ethanol Production from Sweet Sorghum Juice in Texas
No full textThe economic feasibility of producing ethanol from sweet sorghum juice is projected using Monte Carlo simulation models to estimate the price ethanol plants will likely have to pay for sweet sorghum and the uncertain returns for ethanol plants. Ethanol plants in high yielding regions will likely generate returns on assets of 11%-12% and in low yield areas the returns on assets will be less than 10%.Sweet Sorghum, Ethanol, Monte Carlo Simulation, Agribusiness, Agricultural Finance, Crop Production/Industries, Farm Management, Risk and Uncertainty, D20 G10 D81 C15,
A PROBIT MODEL ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING CONSUMPTION OF FRESH SWEET CORN IN MAJOR U.S. MARKETS
No full textIn an effort to more effectively utilize its resources to promote fresh sweet corn, the Fresh Supersweet Corn Council contracted with the Florida Agricultural Market Research Center (FAMRC) of the University of Florida to conduct a comprehensive consumer survey. The consumer survey was designed to investigate consumer preferences, attitudes, and behavior regarding the purchase and consumption of fresh sweet corn. A total of 1,031 consumer telephone interviews were conducted in Dallas, Atlanta, Chicago, Boston and Philadelphia between September 7 and November 3, 2001. Respondents' revealed very limited consumption in the winter, spring, and fall seasons and consumers' perceptions that sweet corn is not available in these seasons. Probit models are estimated to determine effects of seasonalityConsumer/Household Economics,
Characterisation of the Latvian and Swedish Sweet and Sour Cherry Genetic Resources
No full textA wide diversity of cherry varieties are collected in the Latvian and Swedish genetic resources collections, which consists of landraces and selections of local breeders, adapted to the local climate and growing conditions (winter hardy and disease resistant) as well as germplasm that results from years of scientific exchange and co-operation with the world’s leading plant research institutes. The introduction of this material into the breeding programs is largely dependent on the level of characterization. The genetic diversity and internal structure of Latvian and Swedish sweet and sour cherry genetic resources collections has been investigated using phenotypical characterization and evaluation in combination with SSR and self-incompatibility gene specific molecular markers. Phenotypical and molecular characterization revealed high phenotypic and genetic diversity of analysed germplasm as well as the relatedness of Baltic and Scandinavian sweet and especially sour cherry landraces which indicates a possible common historical origin. Local Baltic-Scandinavian cherry varieties were also differentiated from other cherry germplasm by the frequency of self-incompatibility alleles detected using gene specific molecular markers. Self-incompatibility allele information gained from this study will be also useful in breeding programmes for the planning of crosses and conservation of alleles. The use of different characterization methods of cherry genetic resources also facilitated methodological observations, applicable to cherry germplasm characterization. It was concluded that thorough evaluation of genetic diversity and internal structure of cherry genetic resources collections should include both phenotypic and molecular characterization. The information of genetic relatedness revealed by SSR markers did not show direct correspondence with the relatedness information detected by phenotypic characterization, regardless of the number of analysed markers. Therefore a sufficient preliminary description of cherry genetic resources and discovery of internal genetic relatedness of germplasm could be obtained by using phenotypic description in combination with a small set of highly polymorphic SSR markers in combination with available gene specific markers
Jessie Sweet letter to Martha Barker
No full textSecond page of letter from Jessie Sweet to her sister Martha describing her progress at school; includes a sketch of a woman's head and shoulders
A decomposition theorem for homogeneous algebras
No full textAn algebra A is homogeneous if the automorphism group of A acts transitively on the one dimensional subspaces of A. Suppose A is a homogeneous algebra over an infinite field k. Let L-a denote left mulfiplication by any nonzero element a is an element of A. Several results are proved concerning the structure of A in terms of L-a. In particular, it is shown that A decomposes as the direct sum A = ker L-a circle plus Im L-a. These results are then successfully applied to the problem of classifying the infinite homogeneous algebras of small dimension.PT: J; CR: DJOKOVIC DZ, 1973, P AM MATH SOC, V41, P457 DJOKOVIC DZ, 1999, P AM MATH SOC, V127, P3169 GROSS F, 1971, P AM MATH SOC, V31, P10 IVANOV DN, 1982, VESTNIK MOSKOV U MAT, V37, P69 KOSTRIKIN AI, 1965, IZVESTIYA AKAD NAUK, V29, P471 MACDOUGALL JA, 1978, PAC J MATH, V74, P153 SHULT EE, 1969, ILLINOIS J MATH, V13, P654 SWEET LG, 1975, P AM MATH SOC, V48, P321 SWEET LG, 1975, PAC J MATH, V59, P385 SWEET LG, 1987, PAC J MATH, V129, P375; NR: 10; TC: 0; J9: J AUST MATH SOC; PN: Part 1; PG: 10; GA: 590RVSource type: Electronic(1
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