32 research outputs found
PREFORMULATION STUDIES OF DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE FROM TABLETED MICROSPHERES
No full textMicrospheres are solid, spherical particles of protein or polymer-based matrix which comprised of a fairly homogeneous mixture of polymer and active agents.It undergoes considerable presystemic metabolism (45-55%) which results in reduced bioavailability. Diltiazem hydrochloride was scanned in the Methanol, acid buffer, pH 1.2and phosphate buffer, pH 7.2. 10 mg of drug was dissolved in methanol in 100 ml in volumetric flask, and volume was made to 100 ml with same solvent. This stock solution was further diluted to get concentration of 10mcg/ml. This solution was scanned in UV-spectrophotometer and characteristic peak was observed at 239 nm for methanol,237 nm for acid buffer, pH 1.2 and phosphate buffer, pH 7.2. Standard curve of Diltiazem hydrochloride was plotted in Methanol, acid buffer (pH 1.2) and phosphate buffer (pH 7.2). The critical values for regression coefficient in each plot was less than 0.001 (i.e., P < 0.001). That indicates that there was high linear correlation between concentrations of drug with absorbance. Keywords: Diltiazem hydrochloride, regression coefficient, bioavailability, Microspheres
Preformulation Studies of Rapid Dissolving Films Containing Granisetron Hydrochloride
No full textRapid-dissolving solid drug dosage forms for application onto the oral cavity for the pediatric population seem to be very appropriate, especially in preterm and term infants. The delivery of drugs via the oral mucosa offers easy application, prevents drug degradation by gastrointestinal fluids, avoids first-pass metabolism and potentially improves bioavailability. Granisetron hydrochloride (GSH) drug is used as antiemetic agent. Proposed work comprise of preformulation studies of Granisetron hydrochloride. For that, physicochemical parameters were determined; like melting point of GSH was determined using melting point apparatus, Granisetron hydrochloride was scanned in the distilled water, Acid buffer, pH 1.2 and Phosphate buffer, pH 6.8. The IR spectrum of pure drug (GSH), Pullulan, METHO K3P, METHO E3P, METHO E15P and POLYOX WSR N10 were recorded in potassium bromide using Shimadzu FTIR – 8400S(CE). Solubility of Granisetron hydrochloride was determined using shake flask method. Standard Plot of Granisetron hydrochloride in distilled water, Acid buffer, pH 1.2 and Phosphate buffer, pH 6.8 were taken, all the parameter obtained were satisfactory, which will be used further for formulation of rapid dissolving film.
Keywords: Rapid dissolving film, Granisetron hydrochloride (GSH), Preformulation
Formulation of Rapid Dissolving Films Containing Granisetron Hydrochloride and Ondansetron Hydrochloride
No full textThe oral mucosa is conveniently and easily accessible and therefore allows uncomplicated application of dosage forms. A rapid-dissolving drug delivery system, in most cases, is a tablet that dissolves or disintegrates in the oral cavity without the need for water or chewing. More recently, fast-dissolving films are gaining interest as an alternative to fast-dissolving tablets to definitely eliminate patients’ fear of chocking and overcome patent impediments. In the present study, calculations for amount of drugs were determined, Rapid dissolving films containing GSH were prepared using solvent casting method. An aqueous solution of polymer was prepared in distilled water. For preparing the solution, polymer was soaked in water for some time (wherever required). This was followed by addition of GSH in the aqueous solution of the polymer. Now, plasticizer (PEG 400 and/or Glycerol), sweetening agent (Aspartame and/or Sucralose), citric acid and flavor were also added to this solution. In-vitro disintegration time (DT) of the prepared rapid dissolving films was determined visually in a glass beaker containing 50ml water and swirling every 10 seconds. Average of 3 films was taken for this purpose. In-vivo DT of the prepared rapid dissolving film was determined by mouth in three human volunteers. Evaluation of taste was done by a taste panel with 2mg drug and subsequently one film held in the mouth for 10-15 seconds. For preparing rapid dissolving films, varying amount of Pullulan, METHO K3P, METHO E3P were taken. Solvent evaporation method was used for preparation of the film. Various polymers used in the study were: Pullulan, Metho K3P, Metho E3P, Metho E15P and Poly N10. PEG-400 and glycerol were used as plasticizer. Aspartame and sucralose were used as sweetening agent while citric acid was used as saliva stimulating agent
Keywords: Rapid dissolving film, Ondansetron hydrochloride (OND), Granisetron Hydrochloride (GSH)
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No full textABSTRACT: An accurate, precise and reproducible UV-spectrophotometric methods and liquid chromatographic assay method were developed and validated for the determination of Levofloxacin and Ornidazole in tablet dosage form. Spectrophotometric estimation was done by simultaneous equation method and 50 % methanol as solvent. In this method λmax for LEVO and OZ were selected at 293.5nm and 318nm. RP-HPLC analysis was carried out using Prontosil C-18 column (4.6 x 250mm, 5μ particle size) and mobile phase composed of Acetonitrile: 0.05 % Ortho-phosphoric acid in water pH 3.0 (45:55 % v/v)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and chromatogram was recorded at 303 nm. Linearity was evaluated over the concentration range of 4-20 μg/ml and 8-40 μg/mL for LEVO and OZ in both UV spectrophotometric and RP-HPLC method (the value of r 2 Keywords
Modeling of a neural network based controller for vibration suppression of a building structure
No full text<b>PRODUCTOMETRIC STUDY OF SCIENTISTS OF ICAR'S NATIONAL RESEARCH</b> <b>CENTRE FOR SOYBEAN (NRCS)</b>
No full text11-21
Information personnel conduct studies on citation and
bibliometric analysis for knowing the extent of utility of
joumals, conference proceedings and other literature.
In this study, productometric analysis of contributions of
National Research Centre for Soybean, Indore,
has been
carried out for the period 1987 - 2001
in terms of number
of research articles produced by its scientists. The study
is based on a chronological documentation list prepared
for the purpose along with author and subject indexes.
Also analyses average number of papers per year, types
of documents publishing the papers along with names of
the journals, subject and language distribution.
Authorship pattern is also studied in this paper. It also
gives method of calculating score of individual authors,
calculates their scores and rank orders. Concludes with
strengths and weaknesses of soybean research in India.
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Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Gel Containing Fruits Extract of Terminalia Chebula and Phyllanthus Emblica for Treatment of Acne
No full textAcne vulgaris is a common, chronic inflammatory condition that affects the pilosebaceous units. Conventional treatments often pose side effects and resistance issues, prompting interest in safer, plant-based alternatives. To develop and evaluate a polyherbal anti-acne gel incorporating hydroalcoholic extracts of Terminalia chebula and Phyllanthus emblica, targeting the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory pathways associated with acne. Hydroalcoholic extracts of the selected plants were prepared and subjected to phytochemical screening and quantification of total phenolic and flavonoid contents. A series of six gel formulations with varying Carbopol 940 concentrations were prepared and evaluated for pH, viscosity, spreadability, extrudability, drug content, and antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes. The optimized formulation (PHG3) exhibited ideal physicochemical properties including suitable pH (6.8), high drug content (92.5%), good spreadability and viscosity, and the highest antimicrobial activity with a 22 mm inhibition zone against P. acnes. The gel remained stable under accelerated storage conditions. The formulated polyherbal gel demonstrated significant potential as a natural, effective, and stable alternative for acne treatment, offering both therapeutic efficacy and favourable topical characteristics.
Keywords: Polyherbal gel, Terminalia chebula, Phyllanthus emblica, acne vulgaris, antimicrobial, herbal formulatio
A Scientometric Analysis And Assessment On Environmental Science Research Published By The Indian Academicians In Open Access Environment
No full textIndia has also faced numerous environmental challenges, including air and water pollution, deforestation, and climate change. This study aims to evaluate and analyses the research contribution on environmental science in India for the last five years. The required bibliographic information is obtained from an online Scopus database.
Material and Methods: This study is based on scientometric analysis of Indian environmental research, indexed in the Scopus database. The dataset is carefully examined in the Biblioshiny (using R-package bibliometrix) for analysis and VOSviewer for the visualization of the data. The exported data comprises of 3205 different documents published in open access environment under this study period was analysed using scientometric indicators and parameters.
Results: The analysis evident that there is a steady growth of literature during this period with average annual growth rate is 30.53% and average citation per documents is 1232. It is also found that total 10649 numbers of keywords are used by the authors. The total number of author found in this study is 13579, among which single authors belong to 111 and co-author per document belongs to 5.55 and the International co-authorship is 38.1%. The findings of the study show that ‘Sustainability (Switzerland)’ journal at the top contributor in field of environmental research and the trendiest topics were environmental pollution, Covid-19, Plastic and Micro-plastic. These research evaluations are benefited to the scientific community, researchers, funding agency, and policymakers to utilise these results to take decisions and directives on environmental science research across the globe
Lead–carbon hybrid ultracapacitors fabricated by using sulfur, nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide as anode material derived from spent lithium-ion batteries
No full textThe electrochemical-grade natural graphite flake prices are increasing day by day. Reusing and recycling graphite materials from the spent lithium-ion battery (LIB) is a prospective way to overcome the issue. This report presents the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) from spent LIB by the improved Hummers method followed by calcination at 600 °C (RGO-600). S, N-RGO-600 was prepared by doping sulfur and nitrogen with RGO-600 through hydrothermal synthesis. Assynthesized S, N-RGO-600s have sheet-like morphology having uniform heteroatom doping. S- and N-doped RGO-600 delivers 375 F g−1 at 5 A g−1 compared to RGO-600 of 233 F g−1 and retains > 98% capacitance over 20,000 cycles. The lead–carbon hybrid ultracapacitors fabricated using in-situ activated PbO2 as cathode and S, N-RGO-600 composite electrode as anode deliver a specific capacitance of 564 F g−1 at 5 A g−1 and retain 90% capacitance after 15,000 cycles. The high capacitance and stable cycle life of RGO and S, N-RGO are due to easy access of electrolyte ions through mesoporous and layered graphitic carbons with redox-active functional moieties of sulfur and nitrogen. This work illustrates an easy and scalable synthesis root for RGO and S, N-RGO. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature
Synergies of co-infecting pathogens, sea lice (Lepeophetheirus salmonis) and Moritella viscosa, are impacted by exposure order, and host response to initial infection
No full textSea lice infestations and winter ulcer disease caused by Moritella viscosa are two major challenges for the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture industry. Despite their common tropisms for the skin/muscle, we know very little about the interaction between these two significant pathogens. The objective of this study was to elucidate the transcriptomic response of Atlantic salmon to sea louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) and M. viscosa under single infection and different scenarios of co-infection (i.e., first, L. salmonis and then, M. viscosa and vice versa). After exposure, sampling was performed from the infestation site as well as the adjacent area on fish skin, followed by transcriptome analysis. RNA-seq analysis revealed that infection with either L. salmonis or M. viscosa induced a significant immune response from the skin and resulted in extensive transcriptomic changes. More differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected at M. viscosa lesion sites compared to L. salmonis attachment sites. In addition, the effect of the infection order was evaluated. Interestingly, we found that primary infection with lice was associated with a significantly higher number of DEGs during the co-infection process on fish skin compared to the fish first infected with M. viscosa (721 and 5336 DEGs from lice attachment and M. viscosa lesion sites, respectively, vs 291 and 3601 DEGs from lice attachment and M. viscosa lesion sites, respectively). We also found that lice infection caused localized effects on the skin of Atlantic salmon, while single infection with M. viscosa caused a moderate systemic impact and inhibited the tissue repair function of the skin, leading to severe ulceration. In addition, the C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway was drastically activated at the lice attachment sites during both lice alone- and co-infections, regardless of the order of infections, and similar results were observed in M. viscosa infection at both lesion and adjacent sites, indicating that this pathway played an essential role for immunity in Atlantic salmon. A more intense inflammatory and immune response was also observed at M. viscosa lesion sites. These results will promote our understanding of the immune interactions between L. salmonis and M. viscosa during the co-infection process and provide insights for the development of preventive and treatment strategies for these pathogens in salmonid aquaculture
