6,834 research outputs found
Access barriers to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Zimbabwe: a case study of Chivhu Hospital
No full textIncludes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.Access to healthcare is one of the basic social goods which ensures that individuals lead healthy and long lives. There is an increased need towards ensuring access to health care for all, which has led to the question of how access is defined. Access in this study is defined as the degree of fit between the health care system and patients. It involves an interaction between the system and patients in a way which removes access barriers to care. A comprehensive framework was used to measure access in this study. The framework allows for a systematic approach to the concept of access and measures access in three dimensions namely affordability, availability and acceptability. Using this framework, the study looked into the factors affecting access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) by patients at Chivhu Hospital in Zimbabwe. Chivhu was chosen because it has a mixed population of urban and rural patients which represents the typical Zimbabwean population. A cross sectional study design was adopted for this study
Rayleigh number dependence of the Archimedes number dependent large-scale flow structure formation in mixed convection
No full textWe report on experimental investigations of large-scale flow structure formation in mixed convection. We characterize the flow field by measuring the velocity fields within a rectangular model room using 2D2C PIV. The control parameters are the Reynolds number Re, the Rayleigh number Ra and the Prandtl number Pr. All parameters are linked through the Archimedes number Ar. In 6.4x10-2 ≤ Ar ≤ 1.39x101, 4.2x103 ≤ Re ≤ 6.35x104 and Ra = 3.1x107, Ra = 1.8x108 and Pr = 0.713 we found flow 3 different flow structures. While keeping Ra and Pr constant and varying Ar through Re variations, we found an Ar dependence of the largescale flow structure formation within 6.4x10-2 ≤ Ar ≤ 1.39x101. Furthermore, we found a Ra dependence of the structure formation, which shifts the transition points between the structures to higher Archimedes numbers and reduces the mean velocities within the investigated domain
Reynolds numbers near the ultimate state of turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection
No full textWe report on measurements of the mean-flow Reynolds number ReU and the rms fluctuation Reynolds number ReV in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection as a function of the Rayleigh number Ra for 4 x 1011 < Ra < 2 1014 and Pr ' 0:8. Both can be described by the same power law with an effective exponent = 0:44, in agreement with predictions for ReU but in disagreement with predictions for ReV
National Archives Testbed Project
No full textFinal Report from the three-workshop series exploring the establishment of a Black/Global Majority cultural archive at Northumbria. Project led by Dr Susan Ashley and coordinated by RA and PhD student Kathleen Boodhai. February 2021 to November 2021.</p
Anxiety in rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Support for a biopsychosocial approach to the management of RA
No full textAnxiety is highly prevalent among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although this co-occurrence is associated with a range of adverse functional, mental, and physical health outcomes (e.g., more joint abnormalities, greater disease activity, higher functional disability, more severe pain and fatigue), the management of RA remains reliant on a biomedical approach. Guided by a biopsychosocial framework, this dissertation aimed to both clarify and add to the extant literature on comorbid anxiety in RA. Specifically, (1) I examined the possibility of distinct anxiety trajectory groups within an RA sample as well as unique correlates associated with group membership; and (2) I tested the feasibility and potential benefit of an accessible anxiety intervention among RA patients. Using a clinical sample of individuals with RA (N=154), Study 1 identified three distinct anxiety trajectory groups uniquely associated with a number of clinical indicators cross-sectionally and longitudinally. More severe anxiety was associated with worse outcomes (i.e., functional disability, tender joint count, pain, and fatigue) and persistent moderate anxiety was associated with worsened fatigue over time. Study 2 supported the feasibility of an Internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (iCBT) intervention for anxiety (and depression) in RA patients (N=34) through recruitment, adherence, and qualitative patient feedback. Preliminary evidence of mental (i.e., anxiety, depression, and emotional distress) and physical (i.e., fatigue) improvements following participation in the intervention was also provided. Results of this dissertation hold important implications for the assessment and treatment of anxiety in the context of RA. Findings are discussed in relation to a stepped care model and possible amendments to current Canadian healthcare practices are reviewed.February 202
Logarithmic variance profiles and the corresponding f-1 spectra of temperature fluctuations in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection
No full textWe report experimental results for the temperature variance 2(z) and the corresponding frequency spectra P(f) in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection (RBC) in a cylindrical sample of aspect ratioT= D/L = 1:00 (D = 1:12 m is the diameter and L = 1:12 m the height). The measurements were conducted in the Rayleigh-number range 1011 < Ra < 1:35 1014 and Pr ' 0:8. For Ra = 1:35x1014, 2(z) could be described well by a logarithmic dependence on the vertical position z in a range of z 1 < z < z 2 with z 1 ' 70 and z 2 = 0:1L. Here L=(2Nu) is the thickness of a thin thermal sublayer adjacent to the horizontal plate where the heat flux (denoted by the Nusselt number Nu) is carried mostly by thermal diffusion. In the log layer, we found that the temperature spectra had a significant frequency range over which P(f) f with close to 1. As Ra decreased, increased so that the log layer became thinner. At Ra = 2:05 1011, z 2 < z 1 and therefore there was no range for a log layer. Correspondingly, the temperature spectrum near the horizontal plate did not have the f1 scaling form either
Reconfiguring the emergency and urgent care workforce: mixed methods study of skills and the everyday work of non-clinical call-handlers in the NHS
No full textAbstract Objectives To examine the skills and expertise required and used by non-clinical call-handlers doing telephone triage and assessment, supported by a computer decision support system (CDSS) in urgent and emergency care services. Methods Comparative case study of three different English emergency and urgent care services. Data consisted of nearly 500 hours of non-participant observation, 61 semi-structured interviews with health service staff, documentary analysis, and a survey of 106 call-handlers. Results Communication skills and ‘allowing the CDSS to drive the assessment’ are viewed by the CDSS developers and staff as key competencies for call-handling. Call-handlers demonstrated high levels of experience, skills and expertise in using the CDSS. These workers are often portrayed simply as ‘trained users’ of technology, but they used a broader set of skills including team work, flexibility and ‘translation’. Call-handlers develop a ‘pseudo-clinical’ expertise and draw upon their experiential knowledge to bring the CDSS into everyday use. Conclusions Clinical assessment and triage by non-clinical staff supported by a CDSS represents a major change in urgent and emergency care delivery, warranting a detailed examination of call-handlers’ skills and expertise. We found that this work appears to have more in common with clinical work and expertise than with other call-centre work that it superficially resembles. Recognizing the range of skills call-handlers demonstrate and developing a better understanding of this should be incorporated into the training for, and management of, emergency and urgent care call-handling
Lagrangian Raylaigh-Bénard convection
No full textUsing passive tracers as sensors, we obtain Lagrangian measurements of tracers position, velocity and temperature in Rayleigh-Bénard convection at Ra=10^7-10^9. We report on statistics of temperature, velocity, and heat transport (Nusselt number). We observe that the Nusselt number is characterized by a largely intermittent behavior, likely due to the interaction of temperature with turbulent velocity fluctuations
Photochemical behavior of some p-styryistilbenes and related compounds: Spectral properties and photoisomerization in solution and in solid state
No full textAuthor Posting. © The Authors (2006) This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY, 82(6): 1645-1650. https://doi.org/10.1562/2006-01-17-RA-780ArticlePhotochemistry and Photobiology. 82(6): 1645-1650 (2006)journal articl
Aspect-ratio dependence of the transition to the ultimate state of turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection
No full textWe report on measurements of the ultimate-state transition in turbulent Rayleigh-B\'enard convection obtained in a large facility known as the ``Uboot of G\"ottingen" and using pressurized sulfur hexafluoride as the convecting fluid. We found that the transition occurs over a range of which becomes more narrow as increases, ranging from which is at most weakly dependent on and close to to which varies from about for to about for
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