3,160 research outputs found
Opt-out organ donation without presumptions
No full textThis paper defends an 'opt-out' scheme for organ procurement, by distinguishing this system from 'presumed consent' (which the author regards as an erroneous justification of it). It, first, stresses the moral importance of increasing the supply of organs and argues that making donation easier need not conflict with altruism. It then goes on to explore one way that donation can be increased, namely by adopting an opt-out system, in which cadaveric organs are used unless the deceased (or their family) registered an objection. Such policies are often labelled 'presumed consent', but it is argued that critics are right to be sceptical of this idea -- consent is shown to be an action, rather than a mental attitude, and thus not something that can be presumed. Either someone has consented or they have not, whatever their attitude to the use of their organs. Thankfully, an opt-out scheme need not rest on the presumption of consent. Actual consent can be given implicitly, by one's actions, so it is argued that the failure to register an objection (given certain background conditions) should itself be taken as sign of consent. Therefore, it is permissible to use the organs of someone who did not opt out, because they have -- by their silence -- actually consented
Use of commercial off-the-shelf digital cameras for scientific data acquisition and scene-specific color calibration
No full textAuthor Manuscript. Published in final edited form as: J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis. 2014 February 1; 31(2): 312–321
Ton Thé - SA | 20-96350
No full textTon Thé
Part Number: 20-96350
Price: $1.90
Voicing: SA
Music By: J. & R. Gilmore
Arranged By: Susan Brumfield with opt. Xylophone and Drum Set Parts
Featured at: 2013 KyACDA Fall Convocation 2013 ILMEA District 1 Reading Sessionhttps://digitalcommons.butler.edu/jca_scores/1572/thumbnail.jp
High dynamic range optical projection tomography (HDR-OPT)
No full textTraditional optical projection tomography (OPT) acquires a single image at each rotation angle, thereby suffering from limitations in CCD dynamic range; this conventional usage cannot resolve features in samples with highly heterogeneous absorption, such as in small animals with organs of varying size. We present a novel technique, applying multiple-exposure high dynamic range (HDR) imaging to OPT, and demonstrate its ability to resolve fine details in zebrafish embryos, without complicated chemical clearing. We implement the tomographic reconstruction algorithm on the GPU, yielding a performance increase of two orders of magnitude. These features give our method potential application in high-throughput, high-resolution in vivo 3D imaging. (C) 2012 Optical Society of AmericaOpticsSCI(E)EIPubMed9ARTICLE88824-88362
The opt-out movement and the power of parents
No full text Largely led by parents of school-age children from around the country, the opt-out movement has gained momentum in resisting the overuse of standardized testing. The author, a teacher educator, former K-12 teacher, and parent, argues that the opt-out movement is raising awareness regarding standardized testing and opening the door toward policy changes. </jats:p
Medicaid Reform: Few beneficiaries have participated in the opt-out program (Report No. 08-37)
No full textThe Medicaid opt-out program is a component of Florida’s Medicaid Reform initiative administered by the Agency for Health Care Administration. The program allows eligible beneficiaries to participate in their employer-sponsored health insurance plan as an alternative to enrolling in a Medicaid Reform plan. Beneficiaries choosing this alternative use their Medicaid premiums to purchase individual or family health insurance. To date, the opt-out program has not been widely used. As of the end of March 2008, only 19 beneficiaries were enrolled in the opt-out program while a total of 30 beneficiaries had enrolled since September 2006. Eleven beneficiaries had disenrolled because they were no longer eligible for Medicaid or lost access to employer-sponsored insurance.Research ReportFinal report publishe
Patient choice in opt-in, active choice, and opt-out HIV screening: randomized clinical trial
No full textSTUDY QUESTION:What is the effect of default test offers--opt-in, opt-out, and active choice--on the likelihood of acceptance of an HIV test among patients receiving care in an emergency department? METHODS:This was a randomized clinical trial conducted in the emergency department of an urban teaching hospital and regional trauma center. Patients aged 13-64 years were randomized to opt-in, opt-out, and active choice HIV test offers. The primary outcome was HIV test acceptance percentage. The Denver Risk Score was used to categorize patients as being at low, intermediate, or high risk of HIV infection. STUDY ANSWER AND LIMITATIONS:38.0% (611/1607) of patients in the opt-in testing group accepted an HIV test, compared with 51.3% (815/1628) in the active choice arm (difference 13.3%, 95% confidence interval 9.8% to 16.7%) and 65.9% (1031/1565) in the opt-out arm (difference 27.9%, 24.4% to 31.3%). Compared with active choice testing, opt-out testing led to a 14.6 (11.1 to 18.1) percentage point increase in test acceptance. Patients identified as being at intermediate and high risk were more likely to accept testing than were those at low risk in all arms (difference 6.4% (3.4% to 9.3%) for intermediate and 8.3% (3.3% to 13.4%) for high risk). The opt-out effect was significantly smaller among those reporting high risk behaviors, but the active choice effect did not significantly vary by level of reported risk behavior. Patients consented to inclusion in the study after being offered an HIV test, and inclusion varied slightly by treatment assignment. The study took place at a single county hospital in a city that is somewhat unique with respect to HIV testing; although the test acceptance percentages themselves might vary, a different pattern for opt-in versus active choice versus opt-out test schemes would not be expected. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS:Active choice is a distinct test regimen, with test acceptance patterns that may best approximate patients' true preferences. Opt-out regimens can substantially increase HIV testing, and opt-in schemes may reduce testing, compared with active choice testing. FUNDING, COMPETING INTERESTS, DATA SHARING:This study was supported by grant NIA 1RC4AG039078 from the National Institute on Aging. The full dataset is available from the corresponding author. Consent for data sharing was not obtained, but the data are anonymized and risk of identification is low.Trial registration Clinical trials NCT01377857
Epvlvm a Clemente VIII. pont. opt. max. pavperibvs appositvm /
No full textWoodcut arms on t.p. of Cardinal Pietro Aldobrandini, to whom the work is dedicated; the cardinal's hat is printed red. Author's coat of arms at colophon. Head- and tail-pieces, initials.Mode of access: Internet.On inside front cover is label of Horatius (Orazio) Landau, stamped with shelving location 25743. Below it is the bookplate of U. Manganelli, signed with the initials SER.Binding: blue paper wrappers. Author & title written on front cover along spine and in center
Провадження за груповим позовом - модель opt-in чи модель opt-out
No full textClass action is analyzed in the article. The Polish legislator, with a view to speeding up civil proceedings, introduced by the Act of 17 December 2009, on pursuing claims in group proceedings, the possibility of hearing cases for many plaintiffs in one proceeding. The act introduces the conditions for the admissibility of group proceedings, stating that it is a civil proceeding in which a group of at least 10 people pursues claims of one type based on the same factual basis. The author explains that the application of the act on group proceedings has also been limited to pursuing claims for liability for damage caused by a dangerous product, for tort, for liability for non-performance or improper performance of a contractual obligation or for unjust enrichment, and in relation to claims for consumer protection also in other matters. In addition, the pursuit of claims for the protection of personal rights is excluded, with the exception of claims arising from bodily injury or causing health disorder, including claims due to the closest family members of the victim, who died as a result of bodily injury or causing health disorder. It is emphasized that there are also restrictions on the possibility of using group proceedings in the event of pursuing pecuniary claims resulting from bodily injury or causing health disorder, including pecuniary claims due to the closest family members of the victim, who died as a result of bodily injury or caused health disorder.The author analyzes the models of class action in detail. It is stressed in the article that the choice of a more favorable model is difficult and depends on the adopted criterion. If the scale criterion is adopted, the benefits in the opt-in model will be smaller than in the opt-out model because the group will rarely include all entities entitled to a given type of claim. Also, when assessing both models from the point of view of encouraging the parties to settle the dispute amicably, in opt-out class proceedings the defendant has a strong incentive to reach a settlement. It saves him the costs of further court proceedings and the risk of potential losers. Although this means (at least partially) accepting the responsibility for the damage by the defendant, it is so with his participation and in the course of negotiations. At the same time, it gives him a guarantee that he is no longer threatened by certain types of claims. However, the defendant does not guarantee the definitive conclusion of the case by the opt-in procedure, because the groups do not include all persons who are entitled to a claim. This means that the system based on the opt-in mechanism provides weaker incentives for the defendant to settle disputes amicably than under the opt-out model. On the other hand, the previously raised possibility of abuse and «forcing» the respondent to conclude settlements speaks against basing the group proceedings on the opt-out model. The costs of group proceedings and the burdening of the courts with these proceedings in the event of adopting the opt-in and opt-out model are also important for the selection of the appropriate model. Proceedings based on the opt-out model are much less burdensome for the courts, as many procedures are not necessary and are therefore cheaper.The author concludes that basing group proceedings on one or the other model remains the choice of the legislator of the state in which these regulations will apply. Each of the opt-in and opt-out models has advantages and disadvantages, hence some countries decide to base group proceedings on both models, depending on the subject of the group trial, while other group proceedings base on the opt-in model or opt-out model.В статті аналізуються особливості групового провадження у цивільному процесі Польщі. Польський законодавець, з метою прискорення вирішення справ у цивільному процесі, запровадив Закон від 17 грудня 2009 р. про розгляд позовів у груповому провадженні, тобто можливість розгляду справ для багатьох позивачів в одному провадженні. Закон запроваджує умови допустимості групового провадження, вказуючи, що це цивільний процес, у якому група з не менше 10 осіб пред’являє позови одного виду на одній і тій же фактичній підставі. Застосування акту про групове провадження також обмежується позовом про відповідальність за шкоду, заподіяну небезпечним продуктом, про делікт, про відповідальність за невиконання або неналежне виконання договірного зобов’язання або про безпідставне збагачення, а також щодо претензії щодо захисту споживачів також в інших питаннях. Крім того, виключено пред’явлення позовів про захист особистих прав, за винятком позовів, пов’язаних із тілесним ушкодженням або спричиненням розладу здоров’я, у тому числі позовами до найближчих членів сім’ї потерпілого, який помер внаслідок тілесного ушкодження або що спричиняє розлад здоров’я.Автором аналізуються декілька моделей відповідного типу провадження. Відзначається, що оцінюючи обидві моделі з точки зору заохочення сторін до мирного врегулювання спору, у груповому провадженні про відмову відповідач має сильний стимул досягти врегулювання. Це заощаджує йому витрати на подальший судовий розгляд і ризик потенційних програшів. Хоча це означає (принаймні частково) прийняття відповідачем відповідальності за заподіяну шкоду. У той же час це дає йому гарантію, що йому більше не загрожують певні види претензій. Автор підсумовує, що засновувати групове провадження на тій чи іншій моделі залишається вибором законодавця держави, в якій будуть застосовуватися ці норми. Кожна з моделей вибору та відмови має переваги та недоліки, тому деякі країни вирішують імплементувати групове провадження на обох моделях, залежно від предмета групового судового розгляду, тоді як інші групові процедури базуються на моделі згоди або вибору. - вихідна модель
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