139 research outputs found

    Respiratory health impacts in the entertainment industry from exposure to theatrical smokes and fogs

    No full text
    The potential for respiratory health impacts from exposure to theatrical smokes and fogs (glycol or mineral oil aerosols) in the entertainment industry has raised concern among employees and performers and given rise to compensation claims. One hundred and one entertainment industry workers in British Columbia were studied in live theatre, film production, music concerts and other venues where theatrical smokes and fogs was used on the study day. Sites consisted of a convenience sample and participation was greater than 70%. An American Thoracic Society based questionnaire with additional questions on skin and voice symptoms and exposure history was used to assess chronic effects. Cross-shift spirometry, an acute symptoms questionnaire and exposure monitoring on the study day were used in assessing effects from acute exposure. Monitoring data and histories were used in estimating cumulative exposure to theatrical smokes and fogs over the past 2 years. Compared to controls, the entertainment industry group had reduced FEV1 (p<0.05), and increased dyspnea (p<0.05), work-related chest tightness (p<0.05), work-related sneezing (p<0.05) and work-related nasal symptoms (p<0.05). For the entertainment industry group only, internal multivariable analysis to assess symptom relationships to cumulative exposure over the past 2 years (1000 mg/m3-hrs) showed the following for work-related symptoms (OR, 95% CI): cough. 1.8 (1.1, 3.1), phlegm 2.4 (1.1, 5.3), wheezing 1.4 (0.9, 2.1), chest tightness 1.2 (0.8, 1.9), nasal symptoms 0.9 (0.7,1.3), and skin rashes 1.2 (0.7, 2.1). Glycol-based theatrical smoke was associated with acute symptoms as follows (OR, 95%CI): cough 2.7 (0.5, 14.5), chest 2.0 (0.6, 6.7), 2 or more nose/throat/voice 2.4 (0.5, 9.7), dryness 4.9 (1.7, 13.8), central nervous system 3.9 (1.4, 11.3), and irritative eye 3.2 (1.0, 10.6). No significant associations were found between cumulative exposure and FVC and FEV1. However, percent FEV1/FVC was significantly associated with cumulative exposure (B=1.17, p<0.05). For cross-shift lung function changes mineral oil-based theatrical smoke was negatively associated with FEV1 (B=-1.35, p=0.1). Overall, the results indicate that exposure to theatrical smokes and fogs is causing nonspecific respiratory irritation and increasing the risk for chronic airflow obstruction among BC entertainment industry employees.Medicine, Faculty ofPopulation and Public Health (SPPH), School ofGraduat

    Positional Isomerism and Conformational Flexibility Directed Structural Variations in the Molecular Complexes of Dihydroxybenzoic Acids

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    Mutual disposition and conformational preferences of functional groups can induce variations in the nature and types of interactions and hence the molecular arrangements in the rigid crystal environment. We comprehensively analyzed this effect in a series of 13 (of which 9 are novel) (Khan et al. <i>Cryst. Growth Des.</i> <b>2009</b>, <i>9</i>, 2354–2362; Varughese et al. <i>Chem.Eur. J.</i> <b>2006</b>, <i>12</i>, 1597–1609) molecular complexes of positional isomers of dihydroxybenzoic acid with <i>trans</i>-1,2-bis­(4-pyridyl)­ethene and 1,2-bis­(4-pyridyl)­ethane. Seven of the complexes exist as salts, with an observed carboxyl to pyridine heteroatom proton transfer, which can be explained on the basis of Δp<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> analysis. In all the complexes, carboxyl/carboxylate functionalities interact consistently with pyridine/pyridinium moieties. The −OH groups, in contrast, are more versatile with the formation of diverse interaction types: −OH···carboxyl (O–H···O), −OH···carboxylate (O–H···O<sup>–</sup>), and −OH···pyridine (O–H···N) hydrogen bonds. Hirshfeld surface analysis and computed interaction energy values were utilized to determine the hierarchical ordering of the interactions and further to highlight the significance of weak interactions such as π···π and C–H···π in structure stabilization. In ionic complexes, these secondary interactions become more expressed, with an enhanced contribution from electrostatic elements. The energetic bias toward the complex formation is evident from the calculated cohesive energies of the complexes vis-à-vis their parent components

    Positional Isomerism and Conformational Flexibility Directed Structural Variations in the Molecular Complexes of Dihydroxybenzoic Acids

    No full text
    Mutual disposition and conformational preferences of functional groups can induce variations in the nature and types of interactions and hence the molecular arrangements in the rigid crystal environment. We comprehensively analyzed this effect in a series of 13 (of which 9 are novel) (Khan et al. <i>Cryst. Growth Des.</i> <b>2009</b>, <i>9</i>, 2354–2362; Varughese et al. <i>Chem.Eur. J.</i> <b>2006</b>, <i>12</i>, 1597–1609) molecular complexes of positional isomers of dihydroxybenzoic acid with <i>trans</i>-1,2-bis­(4-pyridyl)­ethene and 1,2-bis­(4-pyridyl)­ethane. Seven of the complexes exist as salts, with an observed carboxyl to pyridine heteroatom proton transfer, which can be explained on the basis of Δp<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> analysis. In all the complexes, carboxyl/carboxylate functionalities interact consistently with pyridine/pyridinium moieties. The −OH groups, in contrast, are more versatile with the formation of diverse interaction types: −OH···carboxyl (O–H···O), −OH···carboxylate (O–H···O<sup>–</sup>), and −OH···pyridine (O–H···N) hydrogen bonds. Hirshfeld surface analysis and computed interaction energy values were utilized to determine the hierarchical ordering of the interactions and further to highlight the significance of weak interactions such as π···π and C–H···π in structure stabilization. In ionic complexes, these secondary interactions become more expressed, with an enhanced contribution from electrostatic elements. The energetic bias toward the complex formation is evident from the calculated cohesive energies of the complexes vis-à-vis their parent components

    Positional Isomerism and Conformational Flexibility Directed Structural Variations in the Molecular Complexes of Dihydroxybenzoic Acids

    No full text
    Mutual disposition and conformational preferences of functional groups can induce variations in the nature and types of interactions and hence the molecular arrangements in the rigid crystal environment. We comprehensively analyzed this effect in a series of 13 (of which 9 are novel) (Khan et al. <i>Cryst. Growth Des.</i> <b>2009</b>, <i>9</i>, 2354–2362; Varughese et al. <i>Chem.Eur. J.</i> <b>2006</b>, <i>12</i>, 1597–1609) molecular complexes of positional isomers of dihydroxybenzoic acid with <i>trans</i>-1,2-bis­(4-pyridyl)­ethene and 1,2-bis­(4-pyridyl)­ethane. Seven of the complexes exist as salts, with an observed carboxyl to pyridine heteroatom proton transfer, which can be explained on the basis of Δp<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> analysis. In all the complexes, carboxyl/carboxylate functionalities interact consistently with pyridine/pyridinium moieties. The −OH groups, in contrast, are more versatile with the formation of diverse interaction types: −OH···carboxyl (O–H···O), −OH···carboxylate (O–H···O<sup>–</sup>), and −OH···pyridine (O–H···N) hydrogen bonds. Hirshfeld surface analysis and computed interaction energy values were utilized to determine the hierarchical ordering of the interactions and further to highlight the significance of weak interactions such as π···π and C–H···π in structure stabilization. In ionic complexes, these secondary interactions become more expressed, with an enhanced contribution from electrostatic elements. The energetic bias toward the complex formation is evident from the calculated cohesive energies of the complexes vis-à-vis their parent components

    Positional Isomerism and Conformational Flexibility Directed Structural Variations in the Molecular Complexes of Dihydroxybenzoic Acids

    No full text
    Mutual disposition and conformational preferences of functional groups can induce variations in the nature and types of interactions and hence the molecular arrangements in the rigid crystal environment. We comprehensively analyzed this effect in a series of 13 (of which 9 are novel) (Khan et al. <i>Cryst. Growth Des.</i> <b>2009</b>, <i>9</i>, 2354–2362; Varughese et al. <i>Chem.Eur. J.</i> <b>2006</b>, <i>12</i>, 1597–1609) molecular complexes of positional isomers of dihydroxybenzoic acid with <i>trans</i>-1,2-bis­(4-pyridyl)­ethene and 1,2-bis­(4-pyridyl)­ethane. Seven of the complexes exist as salts, with an observed carboxyl to pyridine heteroatom proton transfer, which can be explained on the basis of Δp<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> analysis. In all the complexes, carboxyl/carboxylate functionalities interact consistently with pyridine/pyridinium moieties. The −OH groups, in contrast, are more versatile with the formation of diverse interaction types: −OH···carboxyl (O–H···O), −OH···carboxylate (O–H···O<sup>–</sup>), and −OH···pyridine (O–H···N) hydrogen bonds. Hirshfeld surface analysis and computed interaction energy values were utilized to determine the hierarchical ordering of the interactions and further to highlight the significance of weak interactions such as π···π and C–H···π in structure stabilization. In ionic complexes, these secondary interactions become more expressed, with an enhanced contribution from electrostatic elements. The energetic bias toward the complex formation is evident from the calculated cohesive energies of the complexes vis-à-vis their parent components

    Diaminotriazine substituted diphenyl ether: reversible structural transformation and solvent dependent solid state fluorescence

    No full text
    The effect of molecular shape and position of hydrogen bonding functionality in the solid state structural self-assembly was investigated using diaminotriazine substituted diphenyl ether based positional isomers (1-5). The molecular shape was modulated by changing diaminotriazine position that produced channel supramolecular structures in 1, 3 and 5. There exists a direct correlation between the molecular shape and three dimensional structures; more linear molecules resulted in close-packing whereas molecules with a labyrinthine topology formed a channel structure. Supramolecular aspects pertaining to the influence of solvent of crystallization in structure formation and reversible structural transformation in solid state were also explored. 1-5 exhibited tunable solid state fluorescence (lambda(max) = 437-496 nm) depending on the diaminotriazine substitutional position and 3 showed solvent-dependent solid state fluorescence. The present study describes the generation of a supramolecular channel structure with functional properties such as tunable fluorescence by varying the position of hydrogen bond functionality and solvent of crystallization
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