28 research outputs found
Politics of the temporary: migrant life in urban Malaysia
No full textIn this project, I look at an aspect of contemporary migration that has been largely sidelined and marginalized in mainstream debates, policy circles and research work – what happens to ‘host societies’ in the developing South that experience a rapid increase in numbers and diversity of urban populations owing to temporary migration. What are the implications of ‘temporariness’ on people’s everyday lives, practices, experiences, social environments and the urban spaces they inhabit? How does the presence and work of diverse groups of ‘temporary migrants’ alter and re-shape social, cultural and political dynamics of societies that have already been experiencing massive transformations and developments? What new forms, new practices, new networks, new hierarchies, new inequalities, and new strategies emerge in these contexts that might provide important knowledge from a transnational sociological perspective and critical studies standpoint? In order to address these broad questions, I looked at the experience of temporary labor migration in Malaysia, following a period of field research in the country. My concern that the agency of migrants is increasingly being looked at almost exclusively through an economistic, top-down lens dominated by development has prompted me to seek out the alternative experiences, conditions and practices that the Migration Development Nexus obscures and renders invisible. I sought to do this by looking at how 'temporariness' appears from below - from the perspectives of migrants, non-citizens and other inhabitants of an actual urban center in a fast-developing country of the Global South.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2017-12-01The student, Parthiban Muniandy, accepted the attached license on 2015-10-06 at 09:12.The student, Parthiban Muniandy, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2015-10-06 at 09:18.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2015-10-07 at 16:08.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #8708 on 2016-03-08 at 11:05:08Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-08T17:21:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2015-10-07Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 91487
Lift date: 2018-03-08T17:22:13Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 91487 on 2018-03-09T10:15:32Z
Reciprocity and R&D Search: Applying the Behavioral Theory of The Firm to a Communitarian Context
No full textDo shareholders or stakeholders appropriate the rents from corporate diversification?: The influence of ownership structure
No full textThe effective use of virtualization for selection of data centers in a cloud computing environment
No full textHigh-throughput phenotyping and genetic mapping of drought stress related traits in setaria (Setaria spp) and rice (Oryza spp)
No full textDrought stress is one of the most important and complex abiotic stresses limiting crop yield. Therefore, it is essential to dissect this complex trait and understand mechanisms of drought resistance in the field. In this research, experiments were conducted in Setaria, a model C4 crop, and rice, a model C3 crop, in order to understand their response to managed water stress conditions. Chapters 2 and 3 are focused on phenotyping and genetic mapping for water-use efficiency (WUE) related traits in different Setaria populations. Chapter 4 is focused on phenotypic characterization of wild rice species for drought stress related traits.
Mechanistic modeling indicates that stomatal conductance could be reduced to improve WUE in important C4 crops such as maize, sorghum and sugar cane. In Chapter 2, a novel image capture process was used to evaluate genetic variation in stomatal density, alongside canopy temperature as a proxy for canopy water use, in the model C4 plant, Setaria. An optical profilometer was used to generate a quantitative measurement of a patch of leaf surface to rapidly assess stomatal patterning. And the canopy temperature of the plots were measured using aerial infrared imaging. A population of 120 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from an Setaria italica x Setaria viridis cross were grown with ample or limiting water supply under field conditions in Illinois. The total above-ground biomass was negatively correlated with canopy temperature and stomatal density whereas stomatal density and canopy temperature were positively correlated. These trait relationships suggests the an interaction is likely occurring between stomatal density and the other drivers of water use such as stomatal size and aperture. Multiple QTLs were identified for stomatal density and canopy temperature, including co-located QTLs on chromosomes 5 and 9. The direction of the additive effect of these QTLs on chromosome 5 and 9 were in accordance with the positive phenotypic relationship between these two traits. These identified QTLs could help us understand the genetic architecture of the trait and potentially be used in breeding programs develop plants with altered stomatal density.
In the Chapter 3, a set of 208 Setaria accessions were screened under ample or limiting water supply under field conditions in Illinois. The traits and phenotyping methods were the same as described in Chapter 2. In contrast to the Chapter 2, the population screened is a diversity panel where the variation for traits arises due to the historical recombination events. Significant negative correlations were observed between midday canopy temperature and above-ground biomass, and between stomatal density and above-ground biomass. The stomatal density was higher in the dry treatment when compared to wet treatment. A total of 25 significant marker trait associations were identified in this study for stomatal density and midday canopy temperature under both wet and dry treatments. By scanning across the genomic regions of the 25 SNPs, 59 candidate genes were identified using the annotated Setaria viridis genome. Genetics resources for Setaria could now be used to functionally validate these candidate genes.
Rice is the staple food for nearly half of the world’s population and consumes 24-30% of the freshwater resources. However, rice production is affected by water stress especially during seedling and reproductive stages of growth. Therefore, developing drought resistant and water use efficient rice varieties is essential to improve productivity in farmers’ fields that are affected by drought. Because drought resistance is a complex trait, identifying novel genetic regions responsible for drought resistance will be beneficial to the development of better drought resistant varieties. A potential source of novel genetic regions for drought resistance is wild rice. In this study, a panel of Oryza glumaepatula accessions from the genebank of International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Japan were screened for drought stress related traits (Chapter 4). O. glumaepatula is one of the 21 wild rice species originating from South America with a diploid AA genome similar to O. sativa and to date has received very little detailed study related to drought resistance. In this study, 69 accessions were screened along with O. sativa check lines S. Dhan (drought resistant) and IR64 (drought susceptible) for morphological and physiological traits under drought and well-watered conditions, in two different seasons, under screen house condition at IRRI. The traits that were measured include shoot dry weight, plant height, tiller number, chlorophyll content, canopy temperature, specific leaf area, leaf water and osmotic potential, crown root number, root length density at different depths and percent lateral roots. Six O. glumaepatula accessions showed lower shoot dry weight reduction due to drought than S.dhan in both seasons and were shortlisted as donors for drought resistance. In addition, these six genotypes had a greater deep root percentage and lower stomatal density than S.dhan in both seasons.
Another set of experiments was conducted in lysimeters (cylindrical pots) under greenhouse condition with progenies of two F2 populations derived from crosses between Oryza sativa and O. glumaepatula, the corresponding parents and O. sativa checks. The two O. glumaepatula parental genotypes 105692 (Parent of Population 1) and 105672 (Parent of Population 2) had higher shoot dry weight, plant height, number of tillers, maximum root depth, and total root dry weights than all O. sativa checks. It was observed that water uptake rate was negatively correlated with deeper root dry weight in Population 1 (NSICRc222 x 105692), whereas water uptake rate was negatively correlated with leaf water and osmotic potential in Population 2 (NSICRc222 x 105672). These differences indicate that the two populations responded differently to drought stress conditions and Population 1 tended to express a conservative approach to water use when compared to Population 2.
Thus these combined experiments successfully screened for water use and drought resistance related traits in two crops belonging to C3 and C4 system under well-watered and water limited conditions using different phenotypic techniques. Multiple QTL and candidate genes associated with water use related traits in the Setaria studies could be used in the crop improvement programs either through forward or reverse genetics approach. The accessions shortlisted as donors for drought resistance in the rice study could be used in breeding rice for drought conditions.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2022-05-01The student, Parthiban Thathapalli Prakash, accepted the attached license on 2020-05-05 at 21:59.The student, Parthiban Thathapalli Prakash, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2020-05-05 at 22:15.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2020-05-07 at 11:50.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #15235 on 2020-08-25 at 17:43:12Made available in DSpace on 2020-08-27T00:51:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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Previous issue date: 2020-05-07Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 115932
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An Examination of the Impact of Executive Compensation Disparity On Corporate Social Performance
No full textThe Benefits and Costs of Large Block Ownership Before and During the East Asian Crisis: An Application of Attribution Theory
No full textStudy of Evaluation of Faine’s Criteria and IgM Elisa in the Diagnosis of Leptospirosis
No full textINTRODUCTION: Leptospirosis is a worldwide public health problem. In humid
tropical and subtropical areas, where most developing countries are
found, it is a greater problem than in those with a temperate climate. It is
difficult to confirm the diagnosis, because of lack of availability of
cultures which is considered as the gold standard.3 Wide variety of
serological tests are available with varying sensitivity and specificity.
ELISA IgM , IgM-specific dot-ELISA, LEPTO Dipstick, slide
agglutination method, Dri-Dot assay, complement fixation assay, latex
agglutination, indirect hemagglutination test, and indirect
immunofluorescent test are to name a few.1, 2, 4-12Among these tests
ELISA IgM has been considered the ideal one.13
Clinical manifestations are non-specific in the early stages of
illness. The early institution of antibiotic therapy has been found to be
beneficial in studies. 1, 2, 14 Faines criteria has been recommended by the
world health organization as a useful clinical tool in the diagnosis of
Leptospirosis.15 However, there is paucity of data in literature regarding
the usefulness of Faine’s criteria in pediatrics. Hence, a study to assess
the usefulness of Faines and modified Faines criteria has been attempted. AIM OF THE STUDY: Aim of the study was to evaluate Faine’s, modified Faine’s criteria
and IgM Elisa in the diagnosis of leptospirosis.
In our study out of 91 children 14 were diagnosed as leptospirosis
using IgM ELISA, 23 and 39 were diagnosed as leptospirosis using
Faine’s and modified Faine’s criteria respectively. The results were
compared with MAT.
Modified Faine’s criteria had high sensitivity and specificity
compared to Faine’s criteria in our series, this suggests that modified
Faine’s criteria might be more useful in the diagnosis of leptospirosis. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: To assess the sensitivity and specificity of Faine’s, Modified Faine’s
criteria and IgM Elisa in diagnosing pediatric Leptospirosis. DISCUSSION: In our study of 91 children, 14(15%) of them were diagnosed to
have Leptospirosis on the basis of positive IgM ELISA test.
Sunil Karande S et al in Mumbai has reported a diagnosis of leptospirosis
in 30 out of 93 (32%) children who were suspected to have the same.23
This increase in positivity of Mumbai study might have been because
these cases were evaluated in children living in slums and immediately
following floods.
Clinical diagnosis of leptospirosis is difficult, hence a high index
of suspicion is required for the diagnosis when a patient presents with
fever, headache, and myalgia.81 Similar observations in the differential
diagnosis of Leptopsirosis have been made in earlier studies. AGE GROUP: Majority of cases with leptospirosis in our series were between 2-6
years of age (51.6%) which was similar to karande S et al. GENDER DISTRIBUTION: Male: female ratio in our series was 1.7:1. It was reported to be
1.6:1 by karande S et al.23 There was a similar male preponderance 88
(63%) in the study by Rajajee S et al.82 In adults the disease is 5 times more common in males, probably because of the occupation and
activity. CONCLUSION: 1. Diagnosis of Leptospirosis was made by positive Leptospira IgM
ELISA test in nearly 15.38% of children with suspected
leptospirosis.
2. Leptospirosis infection may masquerade as multiplicity of separate
diseases whose clinical features vary considerably.
3. Headache and myalgia were the predominant symptoms in addition
to fever.
4. The sensitivity & specificity of IgM Elisa were 33.3 % and 89 %
respectively.
5. The sensitivity & specificity of modified Faine’s criteria were 94.4
% and 69.9 % respectively which was significantly higher than
Faines criteria
6. The sensitivity & specificity of Faine’s criteria were 11.1 % & 71.2
% respectively.
7. All the three serological tests (MAT, MSAT & IgM ELISA) were
positive only in about 3.29% of children.
8. The occurrence of cases was higher during the monsoon.
9. There was no mortality in our series of children with Leptospirosis
Evolution of nonconformal Landau-Levich-Bretherton films of partially wetting liquids
No full textWe experimentally and theoretically describe the dynamics of evolution and eventual rupture of Landau-Levich-Bretherton films of partially wetting liquids in microchannels in terms of nonplanar interface curvatures and disjoining pressure. While both the early-stage dynamics of film evolution and near-collapse dynamics of rupture are understood, we match these regimes and find theoretically that the dimensionless rupture time, Tr, scales with κ-10/7. Here, κ is the dimensionless curvature given by the ratio of the Laplace-pressure discontinuity that initiates film thinning to the initial strength of the disjoining pressure that drives the rupture. We experimentally verify the rupture times and highlight the crucial consequences of early film rupture in digital microfluidic contexts: pressure drop in segmented flow and isolation of droplets from the walls.ChemE/Chemical EngineeringChemE/Product and Process Engineerin
