1,857 research outputs found
Reductions to the set of random strings: The resource-bounded case
No full textThis paper is motivated by a conjecture that BPP can be characterized in terms of polynomial-time nonadaptive reductions to the set of Kolmogorov-random strings. In this paper we show that an approach laid out in [ADF+13] to settle this conjecture cannot succeed without significant alteration, but that it does bear fruit if we consider time-bounded Kolmogorov complexity instead.
We show that if a set A is reducible in polynomial time to the set of time-t-bounded Kolmogorov-random strings (for all large enough time bounds t), then A is in P/poly, and that if in addition such a reduction exists for any universal Turing machine one uses in the definition of Kolmogorov complexity, then A is in PSPACE.Peer reviewe
Ocean carbon pumps: analysis of relative strengths and efficiencies in ocean‐driven atmospheric CO2 changes
No full textAn ocean carbon pump is defined as a process that depletes the ocean surface of σCO2 relative to the deep‐water σCO2. Three pumps are recognized: a carbonate pump, a soft‐tissue pump, and a solubility pump. The first two result from the biological flux of organic and CaCO3 detritus from the ocean's surface. The third results from the increased CO2 solubility in downwelling cold water and is demonstrated by a one‐dimensional upwelling‐diffusion model of an abiotic ocean. In the soft‐tissue and solubility pumps, working strengths are defined in terms of the ΔσCO2 each creates between surface and deep‐water. Efficiencies of each pump are quantified as a ratio of working strength to potential maximum strength. Using alkalinity, nitrate, and σCO2 to remove the carbonate pump signal from ocean or model data, the individual working strengths of the soft‐tissue and solubility pumps can be calculated by scaling the soft‐tissue's ΔσCO2 to the surface‐to‐deep ΔPO4. This technique is applied to a three‐box ocean model known to demonstrate high‐latitude control of atmospheric CO2 through a variety of circulation and biological changes. Considering each pump separately reveals that the various changes which lower pCO2atm in the model are caused primarily by an increased solubility pump. Analysis of global ocean data indicates a positive solubility pump signal, subject to uncertainties in the C:P Redfield ratio and in the preindustrial pCO2atm. If C:P = 105 and pCO2atm = 270 μatm, the efficiency of the solubility pump is about 0.5. We suggest that this type of analysis of relative carbon pump strengths will be an effective method for inter‐model and intra‐model comparison and diagnosis of underlying oceanic mechanisms for pCO2atm changes
Series "T" Transporter, Lt8 17725
No full textArtist's rendering of a LeTourneau Series "T" Transporter, used to haul off-road equipment, timber and pipe, according to author Eric Orlemann. Total production for all transporter types and variations was about 25 units
Applications of Time-Bounded Kolmogorov Complexity in Complexity Theory
No full text. This paper presents one method of using time-bounded Kolmogorov complexity as a measure of the complexity of sets, and outlines a number of applications of this approach to different questions in complexity theory. Connections will be drawn among the following topics: NE predicates, ranking functions, pseudorandom generators, and hierarchy theorems in circuit complexity. 1 Introduction Complexity theory provides a setting in which one can associate to any recursive set L a function t L on the natural numbers, and with justification claim that t L is a measure of the complexity of L; namely L can be accepted by exactly those machines that run in time\Omega (t L (n)). In this paper, we will consider a means of using time-bounded Kolmogorov complexity to define a function KL , that measures a different aspect of the complexity of L. We will argue that this is a useful measure by presenting a number of applications of this measure to questions in complexity theory. 1.1 Complexity of St..
2015 Kansas Performance Tests with Soybean Varieties
No full textSoybean performance tests are conductd each year to provide information on the relative performance of new and established varieties and brands at several locations in Kansas. Main Station, Manhattan: Jane Lingenfelser, Assistant Agronomist; William T. Schapaugh, Jr., Professor (Senior Author); Brent Christenson, Research Assistant; Cheyenne Stephens, Research Assistant; Research Centers: Patrick Evans, Colby; Lonnie Mengarelli, Parsons; Monty Spangler, Garden City; Josh Coltrain, Crawford County Extension; Experiment Fields: Eric Adee, Topeka; Gary Cramer, Hutchinson; Andrew Esser, Scandia; James Kimball, Ottawa; Cooperators: Vernon Egbert, McCune; Lance Rezac, Onaga; Dale Roberds, Pittsburg; Clayton Short, Assaria
Clustered mutations in HIV-1 gag are consistently required for escape from HLA-B27-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses
No full textThe immune response to HIV-1 in patients who carry human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 is characterized by an immunodominant response to an epitope in p24 gag (amino acids 263-272, KR WIILGLNK). Substitution of lysine (K) or glycine (G) for arginine (R) at HIV-1 gag residue 264 (R264K and R264G) results in epitopes that bind to HLA-B27 poorly. We have detected a R264K mutation in four patients carrying HLA-B27. In three of these patients the mutation occurred late, coinciding with disease progression. In another it occurred within 1 yr of infection and was associated with a virus of syncytium-inducing phenotype. In each case, R264K was tightly associated with a leucine to methionine change at residue 268. After the loss of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to this epitope and in the presence of high viral load, reversion to wild-type sequence was observed. In a fifth patient, a R264G mutation was detected when HIV-1 disease progressed. Its occurrence was associated with a glutamic acid to aspartic acid mutation at residue 260. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that these substitutions emerged under natural selection rather than by genetic drift or linkage. Outgrowth of CTL escape viruses required high viral loads and additional, possibly compensatory, mutations in the gag protein
Expanding the Vision for Blueberry Extension
No full textCooperative Extension programs are in a state of flux as new methods of information delivery are adopted by agents, specialists, and clientele. Online methods are crucial tools as the number of Extension specialists with specialization in blueberries shrink. Therefore, increased communications to develop collaborations among Extension personnel should be a priority. The All About Blueberries (AAB) Community of Practice (CoP) launched in 2010 and was motivated by six goals: (1) to improve insect and disease identification; (2) to improve blueberry production efficiency and productivity; (3) to educate about blueberry cultivation; (4) to improve grower profit margins; (5) to hasten adoption of new innovations and technologies; and (6) to improve the safe handling of fresh produce by emphasizing the importance of food safety in the consumer section and harvesting in the grower section. The AAB portal and its 36 contributing authors represent an ideal venue to showcase nationwide blueberry consumer and producer research and educational efforts. The AAB CoP can provide a platform for enhanced and strategic coordination among blueberry Extension specialists nationwide. Better coordination can lead to positive outcomes that result in more recognition of Extension as a critical aspect of the research-to-end user continuum. Pursuing online methods meets clientele needs and strengthens Extension’s reach to all stakeholders and audiences, nationally and internationally. Support and expansion of the blueberry eXtension portal has great potential to be a leader in developing efficient and effective Extension methods to reach existing clientele and new audiences.Paper presented at NABREW Conference, Paper Session II:Blueberry Extension, on June 25, 2014, Atlantic City, N.J
First in the Nation in Education : Final Report,1984.
No full textThis report is one step in an ongoing process of change and is a plea for commitment for high standards in education in Iowa. Contains the final reports of the six subcommittees as adopted by the Excellence in Education Task Force, and the five recommendations made by the Task Force
An occupational survey to determine the entry level CAD skills and competencies required by employers of civil engineering technicians in the Northeast Wisconsin Technical College district
No full textIncludes bibliographical references.The purpose of this study was to identify the CAD related technical skills and
competencies that are required for employability at an entry-level position as a civil engineering technician. The majority of employers represented in this study are civil engineering firms, governmental agencies, and surveying firms. Overall, civil engineering firms along with governmental agencies employ the greatest number of drafters. Civil drawings, survey maps, and topographical drawings are the most commonly prepared drawings by the respondents. Other reported drawing types include architectural, electrical/electronic, landscaping, structural, and technical illustrations. Almost all of the respondents use a CAD system for drafting functions. AutoCAD is
the primary CAD platform used. MicroStation is also used, but to a much lesser extent. Of the employers that use CAD software, most use at least one collaborative software package with their primary CAD platform. Eagle Point is the most common collaborative software utilized. AutoCAD Land Development Desktop (ALDD) was noted to be the next commonly used collaborative software. Out of the 24 basic CAD skills that were listed on the survey, 14 were considered to be valid curriculum items and will be either retained or added to the program curriculum. Six of the 24 items will be reviewed for being valid curriculum items, and four of the items will not be included in the curriculum. Overall, most basic CAD skills were performed frequently or considered important. Out of the 29 advanced CAD skills that were listed on the survey, none were considered to be valid curriculum items. Sixteen of the 29 items will be reviewed for being valid curriculum items, and 13 of the items will not be included in the curriculum. Overall, most advanced CAD skills were not performed frequently nor considered important. Out of the 15 basic architectural drawing skills that were listed on the survey, none were considered to be valid curriculum items. Eight of the 15 items will be reviewed for being valid curriculum items, and seven of the items will not be included in the curriculum. Overall, most basic architectural drawing skills were not performed frequently nor considered important. None of the six basic structural drawing skills that were listed on the survey were considered to be valid curriculum items. One of the six items will be reviewed for being a valid curriculum item, and five of the items will not be included in the curriculum. Overall, most basic structural drawing skills were not performed frequently nor considered important
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