1,108 research outputs found
Forman Christian College Magazine
No full textIn Memoriam. pp. 1-3; Vatsayana, S. H.-Sketches. pp. 4-6; Heart Broken. pp. 6-7; An Application. pp. 7-8; A History of the Highlands. pp. 8-9; Sunder Sham-0 Dweller in my Dreams. pp. 9-10; Jain, M. P.-Story-The Innocent Blood. pp. 10-12; Poetry-Poems of Life. pp. 13-14; Lall, C. S.-Poetry-The Lotus in Kashmir. pp. 14; Durga Das-Poetry-Esperance. pp. 14-15; News and Notes. pp. 15-23; Sports-The All India Hockey Team. pp. 23-29; The Library. pp. 29-33; Educational Information Bureau. pp. 33-34; Vernacular Supplement [Urdu]. 15 p
Rethinking clinical trials of transcranial direct current stimulation: Participant and assessor blinding is inadequate at intensities of 2mA
No full textCopyright @ 2012 The Authors. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and 85 reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The article was made available through the Brunel University Open Access Publishing Fund.Background: Many double-blind clinical trials of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) use stimulus intensities of 2 mA despite the fact that blinding has not been formally validated under these conditions. The aim of this study was to test the assumption that sham 2 mA tDCS achieves effective blinding. Methods:
A randomised double blind crossover trial. 100 tDCS-naïve healthy volunteers were incorrectly advised that they there were taking part in a trial of tDCS on word memory. Participants attended for two separate sessions. In each session, they completed a word memory task, then received active or sham tDCS (order randomised) at 2 mA stimulation intensity for 20 minutes and then repeated the word memory task. They then judged whether they believed they had received active stimulation and rated their confidence in that judgement. The blinded assessor noted when red marks were observed at the electrode sites post-stimulation. Results: tDCS at 2 mA was not effectively blinded. That is, participants correctly judged the stimulation condition greater than would be expected to by chance at both the first session (kappa level of agreement (κ) 0.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.09 to 0.47 p = 0.005) and the second session (κ = 0.77, 95%CI 0.64 to 0.90), p = <0.001) indicating inadequate participant blinding. Redness at the reference electrode site was noticeable following active stimulation more than sham stimulation (session one, κ = 0.512, 95%CI 0.363 to 0.66, p<0.001; session two, κ = 0.677, 95%CI 0.534 to 0.82) indicating inadequate assessor blinding. Conclusions: Our results suggest that blinding in studies using tDCS at intensities of 2 mA is inadequate. Positive results from such studies should be interpreted with caution.GLM is supported by the National Health & Medical Research Council of Australia ID 571090
From sham to reality: Should a wrong be taxed as a right?
No full textHow should a sham be treated for tax purposes? In 1524994 Ontario Ltd. v. M.N.R., the Federal Court of Appeal treated a sham as if it reflected the true agreement between the parties in order to uphold a GST assessment. The result was inconsistent with existing jurisprudence and undesirable. Courts should apply the law to the true facts only, and should not overlook or give effect to a sham in order to achieve the desired juridical consequences. The author reviews the origins and development of the sham doctrine and introduces a three-part typology of sham cases. In situations like 1524994 Ontario Ltd. v. M.N.R., the sham is intended to obtain non-tax benefits from a third-party victim, but in the process triggers unintended tax consequences, which are the subject of litigation. Although the traditional approach in Continental Bank Leasing Corp. v. M.N.R. (under which recharacterization is permissible only if the label attached to a transaction does not reflect its actual legal effect) could result in non-payment of taxes and retention of improperly obtained benefits, the author concludes that this result would be preferable to that of the Federal Court of Appeal judgment. Treating a sham as real, and taxing a wrong as a right (1) will not deter parties from creating shams to obtain non-tax benefits, (2) will violate longstanding principles that tax law be applied with neutrality and equity and without considering its effects, and (3) will increase uncertainty and inconsistency in the case law
SHAM WOMEN.
No full textThe object of this study is to investigate specific sham woman image in art works, and to analyse the treatment of woman as object in art and society. To analyse the general conception of props and sham, look through the cultural history on purpose to find how they were used in practical part of art. The author of this study examines the sham principle in fashion, analyses components of the costume and focuses on phenomenon how the part of the costume can change the person into the sham object. The corset is used as such changing part of the costume. It is chosen as the artistic expression of the practical work of women photographers trying to visualize sham principle. The concept of theoretical part deals with the culture for and (postmodern) culture in the context of the feminist analysis of the representatives of the claims. Also the most popular images of woman in art and the main principles of making these images were discussed in this study. A lot of attention was paid to fashion photography and also graphic design, having an assumption that most important part of graphic design for this study is calendar design. The correlation between art photography and graphic design was used as purpose to expose visualization of sham woman in calendar which was designed especially for this study. Also the relevance for pedagogy and practical adaptation of this study in the fields of art education were evaluated
Individual Rationality and Market Efficiency
No full textThe demonstration by Smith [1962] that prices and allocations quickly converge to the competitive equilibrium in the continuous double auction (CDA) was one of the first – and remains one of the most important results in experimental economics. His initial experiment, subsequent market experiments, and models of price adjustment and exchange have added considerably to our knowledge of how markets reach equilibrium, and how they respond to disruptions. Perhaps the best known model of exchange in CDA market experiments is the random behavior in the “zero-intelligence” (ZI) model by Gode and Sunder [1993]. They conclude that even without trader rationality the CDA generates efficient allocations and “convergence of transaction prices to the proximity of the theoretical equilibrium price,” provided only that agents meet their budget constraints. We demonstrate that – by any reasonable measure – prices don’t converge in their simulations. Their budget constraint requires that a buyer’s currency never exceeds her value for the commodity, which is an unnatural restriction. Their conclusion that market efficiency results from the structure of the CDA independent of traders’ profit seeking behavior rests on their claim that the constraints that they impose are a part of the market institution, but this is not so. We show that they in effect impose individual rationality, which is an aspect of agents' behavior. Researchers on learning in markets have been misled by their interpretation of the ZI simulations, with deleterious effects on the debate on market adjustment processes.Bounded rationality; double auction; exchange economy; experimental economics; market experiment; "zero intelligence" model
Dealing with the Emerging Popularity of Sham Trusts
No full textThis article considers the doctrines of sham trusts and alter egos currently causing some controversy among trust lawyers. The author analyses recent decisions of the High Court involving allegations of sham trusts and alter egos and relevant authorities from other jurisdictions and assesses the legitimacy of the concepts in the context of established trusts law. While the author accepts the existence of sham trusts, she advocates for a narrower ambit limiting their application only to ab initio shams and rejects both emerging shams and alter egos. Further, the relevant intention with which sham trusts are concerned is only that of the settlor and there should therefore be no requirement of a common sham intention as a prerequisite to finding a sham trust
The Impact of Sham Feeding with Chewing Gum on Postoperative Ileus Following Colorectal Surgery: a Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials
No full text© 2020, The Author(s). Background: Chewing gum as a form of sham feeding is an inexpensive and well-tolerated means of promoting gastrointestinal motility following major abdominal surgery. Although recognised by the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society as one of the multimodal approaches to expedite recovery after surgery, strong evidence to support its use in routine postoperative practice is lacking. Methodology: A comprehensive literature review of all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was performed in the Medline and Embase databases between 2000 and 2019. Studies were selected to compare the use of chewing gum versus standard care in the management of postoperative ileus (POI) in adults undergoing colorectal surgery. The primary outcome assessed was the incidence of POI. Secondary outcomes included time to passage of flatus, time to defecation, total length of hospital stay and mortality. Results: Sixteen RCTs were included in the systematic review, of which ten (970 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. The incidence of POI was significantly reduced in patients utilising chewing gum compared to those having standard care (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.39, 0.79, p = 0.0009). These patients also had a significant reduction in time to passage of flatus (WMD − 0.31, 95% CI − 0.36, − 0.26, p < 0.00001) and time to defecation (WMD − 0.47, 95% CI − 0.60, − 0.34, p < 0.00001), without significant differences in the total length of hospital stay or mortality. Conclusion: The use of chewing gum after colorectal surgery is a safe and effective intervention in reducing the incidence of POI and merits routine use alongside other ERAS pathways in the postoperative setting
A rare case of type-I auto-immune hepatitis and thyroiditis presenting with crescentic glomerulonephritis
No full textA middle-aged female patient with a past history of non-alcoholic liver disease and hypothyroidism presented with swelling of the body, off and on, for six months and rapidly worsening renal function. Renal biopsy showed crescentic glomerulonephritis with negative immunofluorescence. Serological tests were positive for anti-thyroglobulin, anti-nuclear antibody (1:80), p-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies; gamma globulin was 5.23 g/dL and viral markers were negative. The patient was diagnosed to have autoimmune hepatitis type-1 and treated with injection methylprednisolone pulse (500 mg/day for 3 days) and maintained on oral steroids and azathioprine 100 mg. She responded dramatically to this treatment and has remained in complete remission at last follow-up
The ‘pure’ relationship, sham marriages and immigration control
No full textThis is the author pre-print version. The final version is available from Hart Publishing via the link in this record.This chapter investigates the circumstances in which a marriage involving a non- EEA migrant spouse is designated a sham marriage so that residence rights are refused. It analyses the problems of understanding and defining a sham marriage and argues that controls over sham marriages often regulate a much wider range of marriages than those entered for the sole purpose of obtaining residence rights
Calculation of Radiation Dose Rates in a Water Layer in Contact with Used CANDU UO<sub>2</sub>Fuel
No full text- …
