77,600 research outputs found
SunSmart? Skin cancer knowledge and preventive behaviour in a British population representative sample
No full textThe incidence of skin cancer has risen rapidly in the UK over the last 20 years, prompting public health organizations to try and raise awareness of the dangers of sun exposure and the need to practice sun-safe behaviour. This study aimed to assess baseline levels of sun-safe knowledge and behaviour in a British population-representative sample, prior to the launch of Cancer Research UK's 'SunSmart' campaign. A face-to-face survey was conducted through the Office for National Statistics as part of their Omnibus survey. In total, 1848 men and women aged 18 and over were interviewed. Knowledge of what to do to reduce skin cancer risk was modest. Two-thirds mentioned avoiding the sun by seeking shade, 50% mentioned covering up and only 43% said to use high factor sunscreen. Practice of sun-safe behaviours was also poor, with only one-third saying they sought shade, covered up or used high factor sunscreen to protect themselves from the sun. Men and those from lower socioeconomic groups were least informed and least likely to report using sun-protective behaviours. Increases in both knowledge and use of appropriate sun-protective behaviours are needed if skin cancer incidence rates are to decrease
Adherent neural stem (NS) cells from fetal and adult forebrain
No full textStable in vitro propagation of central nervous system (CNS) stem cells would offer expanded opportunities to dissect basic molecular, cellular, and developmental processes and to model neurodegenerative disease. CNS stem cells could also provide a source of material for drug discovery assays and cell replacement therapies. We have recently reported the generation of adherent, symmetrically expandable, neural stem (NS) cell lines derived both from mouse and human embryonic stem cells and from fetal forebrain (Conti L, Pollard SM, Gorba T, Reitano E, Toselli M, Biella G, Sun Y, Sanzone S, Ying QL, Cattaneo E, Smith A. 2005. Niche-independent symmetrical self-renewal of a mammalian tissue stem cell. PLoS Biol 3(9):e283). These NS cells retain neuronal and glial differentiation potential after prolonged passaging and are transplantable. NS cells are likely to comprise the resident stem cell population within heterogeneous neurosphere cultures. Here we demonstrate that similar NS cell cultures can be established from the adult mouse brain. We also characterize the growth factor requirements for NS cell derivation and self-renewal. We discuss our current understanding of the relationship of NS cell lines to physiological progenitor cells of fetal and adult CN
Data for: Economic Analysis and Control of a Grid-Connected PEM Fuel Cell in Distributed Generation
No full textThe codes are provided just for the simulation purpose of the following submission to Energy Conversion and Management. "Li Sun, Yuhui Jin*, Jiong Shen, Lei Pan*, Kwang Y. Lee; Economic Analysis and Control of a Grid-Connected PEM Fuel Cell in Distributed Generation "The codes are tested well under MATALB R2015a. Running the "Main.m", the readers will get FIG. 11 in the paper. Note that the in the control structure, there are many swiching blocks to guarantee the system starting up to a reasonable initial steady state. Any query can be directed to Dr. Li Sun, [email protected]
A grounded theory of female adolescent behaviour in the sun: comfort matters.
No full textThe aim of the research was to generate a grounded theory to explain the behaviour of young women in the sun. The study sought to explore the sun-related experiences of
young women in order to gain new insights into the influences upon them. The study was qualitative by design and utilised grounded theory method as developed by Glaser.
Twenty female participants, aged 14 to 17 years old were included in the study. They formed six groups. Thirteen interviews were carried out with the groups and six one-to one interviews took place with individuals. All interviews were semi-structured and were based upon the participants' experiences of being in the sun. Data was analysed using the
constant comparative method of data analysis, concordant with Glaserian grounded theory method. Five explanatory categories emerged from the data; Fitting In, Being Myself,
Being Physically Comfortable, Slipping Up and a core category of Being Comfortable. One of the issues that emerged was that some young women believed their social
acceptance depended on their appearance and they conformed to this end. The theory, derived from the categories, proposes that when in the sun, young women direct their
activities toward meeting physical and psychosocial comfort needs. Comfort matters to them because it has implications for their wellbeing. This thesis contributes to the literature about the behaviours of young women in the sun.
By increasing understanding of the factors that influence them, it also adds to the body of knowledge related to the primary prevention of skin cancer with teenage girls in the United Kingdom. The outcome of the research and its contribution to knowledge is a grounded theory, which explains the basis of the behaviours of young women in the sun. It appears that no other study has explored the experiences of UK adolescent females specifically, in
a qualitative way and with the intention of producing a theory to explain them
Research update: Progress in synthesis of nanoparticle dimers by self-assembly
No full textThis article highlights recent advances in the controlled self-assembly of nanoparticles to produce dimeric nanoparticle structures. The relevance of this emergent field is discussed in terms of recent applications in plasmonics and chemical catalysis. The concept of bond-valence applied to nanoparticles will be discussed, emphasizing some general approaches that have been successfully used to build these structures. Further, the asymmetric functionalization of nanoparticles surfaces as a path to drive selective aggregation, the use of biomolecules to self-assemble nanoparticles into dimers in solution, and the confinement of aggregates in small cavities are discussed. © 2014 Author(s)
Bonding similarities and differences between Y-Sb-Te and Sc-Sb-Te phase-change memory materials
No full textThe scandium (Sc)-alloyed Sb2Te3 phase-change alloy has recently been found to enable ultrafast crystal nucleation due to the formation of Sc-stabilized octahedral motifs in the amorphous phase, rendering cache-type phase-change memory feasible. When yttrium (Y) is added, however, non-octahedral bonding patterns form in the amorphous Sb2Te3-based network even though Y has a valence electron configuration similar to that of Sc and also forms perfect octahedral bonding environments with tellurium in the YTe crystal. Here we elucidate the origin of this difference between Sc and Y, by carrying out thorough ab initio simulations and orbital-based bonding analyses on amorphous Y-Sb-Te and Sc-Sb-Te compounds. We also demonstrate how the smooth overlap of atomic positions (SOAP) similarity kernel can be used to quantify the structural similarity of local motifs in the amorphous phase with respect to various crystalline yttrium and scandium tellurides, both in the nearest-neighbor shell and beyond. We find that the bonding contrast of Y- and Sc-centered structural motifs in amorphous Sb2Te3 stems from their parent crystals at high Te concentrations. The larger atomic radius of Y and the weaker charge transfer when bonded with Te is found to allow more Te neighbors and cause a more open bonding environment, leading to higher coordination numbers and non-octahedral environments. We discuss the implications of the different local environments for practical applications in memory devices
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