2,624 research outputs found
(天津大 学 电气与自动化学院,天 津 300072) A New Network Improvement Algorithm in QoS Providing System
No full textYang T, Sun YG, Hu HD, Sun YJ. A new network improvement algorithm in QoS providing system. Journa
Preparation of bufalin-loaded pluronic polyetherimide nanoparticles, cellular uptake, distribution, and effect on colorectal cancer [Corrigendum]
No full textHu Q, Liang B, Sun Y, Guo XL, Bao YJ, Xie DH, Zhou M, Duan YR, Yin PH, Peng ZH. Int J Nanomedicine. 2014;9(1):4035–4041. On page 4040, Figure 6C is incorrect.Read the original articl
A multifaceted perspective on skin cancer prevention
No full textSolar ultraviolet radiation has been acknowledged as the main culprit for the three major
types of skin cancer which are among the most numerous (basal cell carcinoma [BCC],
squamous cell carcinoma [SCC]) and most dangerous (cutaneous malignant melanoma)
malignancies in Caucasian populations.
The present thesis comprises six individual projects providing a multifaceted perspective on
the prevention of these tumours.
Project I evaluated a school-based sun safety education programme developed by the Swiss
Cancer Leagues. Primary school students in the Canton of Zurich (North-Eastern Switzerland)
were asked to answer a questionnaire regarding their sun-related knowledge, behaviour,
and sunburn experience shortly before and one year after the intervention (repeated cross-
sectional assessment). Based on the data from more than 3000 students, the sun safety
education programme was effective in sustainably improving children’s sun-related
knowledge and possibly to some extent in decreasing sunburn rates, but had no obvious
impact on the examined sun protective behaviours (use of sunscreen, seeking shade).
Project II represents a systematic review of cross-sectional and interventional studies on
sun-related knowledge, attitudes, and protective behaviours of outdoor workers. The 52
relevant publications identified through an electronic search of medical literature databases
(PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO) and an extensive hand search suggested that outdoor workers’
sun protective behaviours are largely inadequate and sunburn rates are high (50-80% per
season). However, there is evidence that sun safety education in outdoor occupational
settings is effective in increasing workers’ protective behaviours and presumably also in
reducing sunburn incidence.
Project III investigated sun protective behaviour and sunburn experience of vacationers
spending holidays in the tropics or subtropics. The 1165 standardised face-to-face interviews
conducted among air passengers waiting in the departure or baggage claim area at the
Airport Basel-Mulhouse (Switzerland/France) and among vacationers waiting for pre-travel
health advice at the Travel Clinic of the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Basel
(Switzerland) revealed that almost all respondents used sunscreen at the holiday
destination. Nevertheless, wearing a sunhat and protective clothing as well as seeking shade
were clearly less common sun protection methods. The assessed sunburn rate among the
324 interviewed returning air passengers was alarmingly high, with 44% having suffered
from sunburn during their holiday stay.
Project IV comprehensively analysed the content and quality of 2103 print media articles
pertaining to skin cancer prevention and related topics (solaria, vitamin D) published in
Germany and Switzerland over a one-year period (2012-2013). Whereas skin cancer
secondary prevention received little press attention, primary prevention was a frequently
covered media topic. However, the delivered information was generally rather superficial. By
far the most common and often sole sun protection recommendation made was the use of
sunscreen. In total, 27% of all analysed articles contained misleading or erroneous
statements which were mostly related to the use of sunscreen and vitamin D issues.
Projects V and VI are based on data derived from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, a
large, well-validated primary care database established in the United Kingdom (UK).
Project V estimated BCC incidence in the UK and characterised affected patients regarding
lifestyle factors and comorbidities. The calculated age-standardised BCC incidence in adults
rose from 119 to 165 per 100 000 person-years between the years 2000 and 2011. According
to the matched case-control analysis including 57 121 BCC cases and 57 121 BCC-free
controls, BCC risk was slightly increased in alcohol drinkers, but reduced in smokers and in
individuals with a body mass index outside the normal range. BCC was associated with
various comorbidities related to iatrogenic or non-iatrogenic immunosuppression.
Project VI explored whether patients regularly exposed to systemic nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are at a reduced risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). The
matched case-control analysis comprised 65 398 BCC cases, 65 398 BCC-free controls, 7864
SCC cases, and 31 456 SCC-free controls. Overall, NSAID use was not negatively associated
with BCC, but when looking exclusively at users of single NSAID substances there was a
suggestion of a reduced BCC risk in regular users of aspirin and ibuprofen. SCC risk was
slightly decreased in regular users of any NSAIDs, with the strongest risk reduction observed
in current users of coxibs. These findings provide evidence that patients predisposed to
NMSC may benefit from chemoprevention with NSAIDs
INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF INTERFACES IN NANOSTRUCTURED METALS
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将常规多晶材料的粗晶粒尺寸缩小到纳米尺度时,这些纳米晶体材料会呈现出与其对应的粗晶材料迥异的物理现象.与材料力学行为最相关的是强度及塑形变形机理这两个方面.考虑到晶界的变形与破坏可能是纳米晶体材料低塑性的根源,克服纳米晶体材料中强度与韧性之间存在的“熊掌和鱼不可兼得”的问题,也通常称为晶界工程.在众多的晶界中,孪晶界面被发现可同时保持材料的强度和韧性.本文主要就纳米金属材料中界面的力学行为做一个简要述,包含晶界的强化力学机理以及新型孪晶界面的力学行为与揭示内在尺度效应的模型研究。</p
Public perception of the appropriateness of COVID-19 management strategies and level of disturbances in daily activities: A focus on educational level
No full textBackground This study investigated the association between public perception of the appropriateness of management strategies implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic and the level of disturbances in daily activities reported by the general population. Methods This cross-sectional study used Korea Community Health Survey conducted from August to November 2020. Public perception of COVID-19 management strategies included those implemented by the government (central, city or provincial, and administrative districts), the mass media, regional medical institutions, and neighbors. The subjective level of disturbances in daily activities was measured using a 0–100 numeric rating scale developed by Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used. A subgroup analysis was conducted based on education level. Results The present study analyzed 211,353 participants. Compared to individuals who perceived that the management strategies implemented during the pandemic was ‘highly appropriate,’ those who reported ‘mediocre appropriateness’ (β: -1.96, p-value: <0.001) or ‘low appropriateness’ (β: -3.60, p-value: 0.010) reported higher levels of subjective disturbances. The appropriateness of measures implemented by the mass media was associated with levels of subjective disturbances felt by individuals of lower education with statistical significance, whereas that applied by the mass media and the government were important in those with higher education. Conclusions The findings suggest the importance of public perception of management strategies when implementing containment policies and minimizing its disturbances on daily lives is essential. © 2023 Ju et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
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No full textAbstract Abstract Abstract Abstract. . . .Cd vacancies in cadmium zinc telluride(CdZnTe) crystals have an important effect on the crystal properties.In this paper, position distribution and concentration change of Cd vacancy in CdZnTe crystal grown by the temperature gradient solution growth (TGSG) were investigated by positron annihilation technology(PAT) , which was based on the potential energy distribution and probability density of the positron in the crystal. The results showed that, the density of Cd vacancy increased obviously from the first-to-freeze to stable growth of the ingots, while decreased along the radial direction of the ingots
EFFECT OF SUBSTRATE PHOTOEXCITATION ON CHANNEL CONDUCTION IN A MODULATION-DOPED ALXGA1-XAS/GAAS HETEROSTRUCTURE
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