160 research outputs found
Globalization and media governance in the People's Republic of China (1992-2004)
Get PDFThe media long regarded as a characteristic element of state propaganda in authoritarian regimes have become a key interest for western academic literature. Yet little attention has been paid to the fact that media within an authoritarian country may be influenced by external factors as well. This work addresses this issue and explores the roles external factors like media globalization and transnational media corporations (TNMCs) play in the transition of China's media governance. It argues that transnational forces have increasingly imposed insurmountable politico-economic pressures on the Chinese media regime, leading the state to further embrace the globalised economy and thus promote market-driven policies. As such, the ongoing task of media governance transition has a far-reaching impact upon socio-political systems in the PRC-a pattern of steady institutionalization with Chinese characteristics of media governance is emerging. The socio-political impact of the steady media institutionalization fosters a more relaxed space in both political and social domains. This has also challenged the dominant approaches, i. e., the 'Value-domination', the Nationalist, the Liberal model, and the Trans-cultural model, in the study of media politics in authoritarian states. After examining the changes in media institutions, policy responses, media structure, and media culture, the author conceptualizes these changes as institutional transformation, de-regulation,d e-monopolization, and de-propagandization. This dissertation concludes that China's media governance has continuously progressed from the model of 'leader-determined' model towards a 'consensus-building' model with an increase in media participants
sj-doc-1-tva-10.1177_15248380241246758 – Supplemental material for Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Academic Performance Among Children and Adolescents: A Global Meta-Analysis
No full textSupplemental material, sj-doc-1-tva-10.1177_15248380241246758 for Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Academic Performance Among Children and Adolescents: A Global Meta-Analysis by Guangbo Qu, Liqin Shu, Haixia Liu, Shaodi Ma, Tiantian Han, Huimei Zhang, Christy Huang, Jun Wang, Linsheng Yang and Yehuan Sun in Trauma, Violence, & Abuse</p
Recent advances in hydroliquefaction of biomass for bio-oil production using in Situ hydrogen donors
No full textWith the rapid growth of energy demand and environmental concerns associated with traditional fossil fuels, renewable and sustainable energy sources have attracted intensive research attention in recent years. Biomass is considered as one of the most promising alternative energy resources due to its many advantages including abundance, renewability, carbon neutrality, and worldwide distribution. Liquefaction is an efficient thermochemical conversion route for the production of bioderived fuels and chemicals under mild reaction conditions. In addition, this process does not require energy-intensive drying as a preprocessing step of the wet biomass feedstocks. Nevertheless, subsequent hydrogenation and upgrading treatment of the bio-oil with high oxygen content are imperative for practical applications mainly for improving the calorific value of the bio-oil. The cost and safety issues of external hydrogen are main obstacles for the liquefaction-upgrading route, which can be somewhat offset by the use of in situ hydrogen. The research on in situ hydrogen generation and use for biomass liquefaction is nascent. Therefore, the latest research developments on hydroliquefaction of biomass feedstocks in the presence of various in situ hydrogen donors are reviewed in this article. Several commonly applied in situ hydrogen donors including formic acid, alcohols (isopropyl alcohol, methanol and ethanol), and zerovalent metals (zinc, aluminum, iron, etc.) are discussed in detail focusing mainly on their influence on the distribution of liquefied products and the mechanisms of hydrogen-donation/hydrogenation reactions. Moreover, future research directions toward the commercial applications of biomass liquefaction technology with in situ hydrogenation strategies are presented
Synergistic effects of metallic Fe and other homogeneous/heterogeneous catalysts in hydrothermal liquefaction of woody biomass
No full textIn order to determine the synergistic effects of the mixed additives of Fe and other catalysts on the yields and characteristics of bio-oil products, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of pinewood sawdust (PW) was performed at 300 °C for 30 min (biomass/water mass ratio = 1:10) in the presence of metallic iron (Fe), other homogeneous/heterogeneous catalysts (Na2CO3, NaOH, FeSO4, MgO, Ru/C, FeS), as well as mixed additives. The results indicated that the metallic Fe could increase the yield and promote the degree of hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil products. Noticeable synergistic effects on improving the bio-oil yields were found in the presence of mixed additives of Fe and an alkali catalyst (Na2CO3/NaOH) or FeS. The maximum bio-oil yield and the most energy recovery from bio-oil (81%) were obtained with Fe + Na2CO3. In addition, the combination of Fe + Ru/C produced bio-oil with the highest carbon and hydrogen contents, the highest HHV (30.93 MJ/kg), as well as the lowest contents of oxygenated compounds and the largest amount of hydrocarbons. In summary, this work demonstrates the synergistic effects of the mixed additives of Fe and several catalysts (Na2CO3, FeS and Ru/C) in HTL of woody biomass, promoting both yields and quality of bio-oil products.National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC
Hydrothermal co-liquefaction of lignite and lignocellulosic biomass with the addition of formic acid: Study on product distribution, characteristics, and synergistic effects
No full textHydrothermal co-liquefaction of lignite (L) and lignocellulosic biomass represented by cornstalk (CS) and pinewood sawdust (PW) was investigated in this work under various conditions in the presence of formic acid (FA) as an in situ hydrogen donor. The effects of experimental parameters on product distribution and especially the synergistic interaction between lignite and biomass were studied in detail. The results indicated that oil production was significantly enhanced by the addition of FA, while the oil yields obtained from co-liquefaction of L/CS and L/PW reached 29.34 and 28.36 wt % under optimal conditions (350 °C, 30 min, lignite/biomass mass ratio = 1:1, with FA), respectively. The synergistic effects between lignite and biomass not only increased the oil yield but also promoted carbon and energy recovery in oil products. The produced oil products from co-liquefaction had similar boiling point fractions as those of the biomass-derived oil, and contained mainly hydrocarbons, phenols, and ketones, indicating that hydrothermal co-liquefaction of lignite and lignocellulosic biomass was beneficial for the production of oil products with high quality and diverse potential applications
Promotion effects of metallic iron on hydrothermal liquefaction of cornstalk in ethanol-water mixed solvents for the production of biocrude oil
No full textIn this article, effects of metallic Fe on biocrude oil production from cornstalk via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) in ethanol–water mixed solvents were investigated under various conditions. Experiments were conducted in single solvent of water or ethanol using Fe3O4 catalyst to explore the role of metallic Fe in the liquefaction process. The physiochemical properties of the liquefaction products were comprehensively characterized by elemental analysis, GC–MS, FT-IR and XRD. The results showed that the maximum biocrude oil yield (approx. 50 wt%) and higher heating value (HHV) of 30.86 MJ/kg were obtained in ethanol–water mixed solvents (50/50, v/v) at 300 °C for 30 min with 10 wt% Fe loading. It was found that the presence of Fe also promoted the hydrogenation and deoxygenation of liquid products, obtaining biocrude oils mainly consisted of phenolic, ester and hydrocarbon compounds. The positive role of metallic Fe in HTL of biomass in ethanol–water mixed solvents, simultaneously improving the yield and quality of biocrude oil, was believed to be due to in-situ hydrogen formed from the reaction of metallic Fe and water, while the generated Fe3O4 exhibited negligible catalytic effect in the process.National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNatural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada’s AgriScience ProgramChina Scholarship Council (CSC
Meteorological variables and the risk of fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textPurpose: The association between meteorological variables and risk of fractures has attracted increasing attentions but remain controversial. Therefore, our main aim is to clarify the association, and also to identify possible susceptible groups. Methods: Relevant literature was obtained through standard MeSH literature searching seven electronic databases. Because some studies expressed the association as the rate of incidence (IRR) of fractures associated with each 1 °C rise in temperature and 1% increase in relative humidity (RH), some expressed as IRR of fractures for the day with specific climatic variable versus control days, and also the association was expressed as correlations coefficients (COR) in some studies, separated meta-analyses were undertaken, with one based on IRR and another based on COR. Results: A total of 24 studies were included. Results showed that each 1 °C increase was significantly associated with a 3.0% decrease in fracture risk (IRR = 0.970, 95%CI: 0.952–0.988). The day with freezing rain and snow were associated with increased risk for both the lower extremity fracture (freezing rain: IRR = 1.174, 95%CI: 1.022–1.348; snow: IRR = 1.245, 95%CI: 1.050–1.477) and the upper extremity fracture (freezing rain: IRR = 1.376, 95%CI: 1.192–1.588; snow: IRR=1.548, 95%CI: 1.361–1.761). No significant association was detected between RH, dew, frost, fog, storm and high wind, and fracture. The COR meta-analysis showed that mean temperature (moderately), maximum temperature (moderately), rainfall (weakly) and sunlight duration (weakly) were correlated with fracture occurrence. Conclusion: The incidence of fractures was increased in lower temperature, the day with freezing rain, and snow. Other meteorological factors may have some effects on the incidence of fracture. The association may be stronger for males, lower extremity fracture, and people living in Asia, subtropical zone, low-latitude, and northern hemisphere. Further studies are needed.Tingting Shi, Min Min, Pengpeng Ye, Yuan Wang, Guangbo Qu, Yun Zhang, Mingming Liang, Yehuan Sun, Leilei Duan, Peng B
Validation of two body scales for assessment of thin-ideal and muscularity-ideal body dissatisfaction among Chinese adult females
No full textAbstract Background Previous studies have demonstrated the significant impact of body dissatisfaction on the physical and mental well-being of women. China’s culture idealizes thinness and beauty, and women are more prone to experiencing body dissatisfaction. However, research on women’s body dissatisfaction has predominantly focused on Western societies, with limited investigations conducted in China. Meanwhile, there exists a dearth of specific measurement tools for assessing Chinese adult women’s body dissatisfaction. Therefore, the work aimed to assess the reliability of the Female Body Scale (FBS) and the Female Fit Body Scale (FFITBS) among Chinese adult women. Methods A total of 1,340 Chinese adult women selected body figures that most accurately represented their current and ideal bodies through the FBS and the FFITBS. Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire 6.0 (EDE-Q6.0) and Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS) were completed. Re-test was conducted four to 3–4 weeks later to complete the FBS and the FFITBS again. Results The validity and reliability of the FBS and the FFITBS have been demonstrated in Chinese adult women. A majority of women expressed a desire for a smaller body, which encompassed muscularity and adiposity dimensions. There was a significant correlation between body dissatisfaction scores and eating disorder scores among Chinese adult women. Additionally, the body dissatisfaction scores obtained from the FFITBS significantly predicted the DMS scores. Furthermore, among Chinese adult women, only the heterosexual and bisexual groups show differences in muscularity-dimension body dissatisfaction, while no significant differences are found among the other groups. Conclusions The findings suggested that the FBS and the FFITBS could be valuable scientific tools for evaluating body dissatisfaction among Chinese adult women
Combustion gas and NO emission characteristics of hazardous waste mixture particles in a fixed bed
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