3,784 research outputs found
On the existence of 5-sun systems
No full textA k-sun graph S(Ck) is a graph obtained from a k-cycle by adding a pendent edge to each vertex of the k-cycle. A k-sun system of order v is a decomposition of the complete graph Kv into k-sun graphs. In this paper, we find the necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a 5-sun system of order v. Moreover, we obtain cyclic 5-sun systems when View the MathML source and 1-rotational 5-sun systems when View the MathML source.國外SCIY紙本NL
Site assessment and evaluation of spatial earthquake ground motion of Kyeongju
No full textThe earthquake hazard has been evaluated for 10 km x 10 km area around Kyeongju. The ground motion potentials were determined based on equivalent linear analysis by using the data obtained from in situ and laboratory tests. In situ tests include 16 boring investigations, 4 crosshole, 12 downhole, 26 spectral analysis of surface waves tests, and in the laboratory, resonant column tests were performed. The peak ground accelerations range between 0.141g and 0.299g on collapse level earthquake and between 0.050g and 0.120g on operation level earthquake, respectively, showing the high potential of amplification in the deep alluvial layer in Kyeongju area. Distribution maps of site amplification for the peak acceleration, amplification factors (F-a and F-v) and dominant site period of Kyeongju are constructed using geographic information system tools. The amplification factor based on the Korean seismic design guide underestimated the motion in short range and overestimated the motion in mid-period range in Kyeongju. The importance of site-specific analysis and the need for the improved site characterization method are introduced. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
On the existence of k-sun systems
No full textAbstractA k-sun graph S(Ck) is obtained from the cycle of length k, Ck, by adding a pendant edge to each vertex of Ck. A k-sun system of order v is a decomposition of the complete graph Kv into k-sun graphs. In this paper, we use a difference method to obtain k-sun systems of all possible orders for k=6,10,14 and 2t where t is a positive integer at least 2. More precisely, we obtain cyclic k-sun systems of odd order and 1-rotational k-sun systems of even order when the order is greater than 4k
Ck-Log, A Calculus for Knowledge Processing in Logic
No full textThis paper introduces the principal concepts in the organization and operation of the logic based knowledge processing system, called CK-LOG (A Calculus for Knowledge in Logics). CK-LOG uses the frame based system MDS (the Meta Description System) for knowledge representation and for modeling world states. It uses an inference engine based on Natural Deduction for stating and solving problems. As a knowledge processing system CK-LOG has several capabilities, which are new to the technology of knowledge representation systems: CK-LOG has special facilities to represent and reason about actions and their time dependencies. Actions that occur in a world state may create or destroy objects in the world or modify their properties, or prevent or support other actions. The effects of actions are described in CK-LOG using modal operators like CREATE, DESTROY, PREVENT, SUPPORT, KEEP, etc. These operator expressions are also used to represent and reason about possible worlds that the actions might lead to. Most significantly, CK-LOG is a logic-based knowledge processing system, just as PROLOG is logic based programming system. CK-LOG uses a three valued logical system with truth values T (true),? (Unknown) and F (false) to build partial models of world states, and the two valued logic's system of T and F in its theorem proving System. The use of the three valued logical system in its models of world states enables CK-LOG to do problem solving in the context of incomplete information about world states. The theorem proving system of CK-LOG uses a variant of the calculus of sequents first proposed by Kanger (which itself is a variant of Gentzen's system). The two variations in CK-LOG are, (i). the use of a new algorithm called the mating algorithm for testing proof terminations, and (ii) the use of specialized inference rules for reasoning about modal expressions using the possible world semantics.. The mating algorithm gives the theorem proving system of CK-LOG several new capabilities: to identify information that is pertinent to a given problem and retrieve it from its knowledge base, to update its models of possible worlds during the problem solving process based on the findings of the theorem proving system, to use these models of world states to test proof terminations, and to generate hypotheses during the problem solving process that are based on unknown information. These various features of CK-LOG are described here. The paper concludes with a discussion of the logic of frames as used in CK-LOG and establishes a condition called locality condition as a sufficient condition for creating knowledge representations with requisite completeness.Technical report DCS-TR-15
Assay plan of reefs & workings Ruby Creek Centre Halls Ck. - Ruby Ck. area, East Kimberley District W.A. [cartographic material] /
No full textGeological map of "Ruby Creek" diggings at Black Elvire River, showing Ruby Queen and other mines.; From: The Hall's Creek--Ruby Creek area, East Kimberley District / by K.J. Finucane.; "4.8.38".; Also available online http://nla.gov.au/nla.map-vn2483587. Sheet 1. Insets : Key plan ; The Rising Sun south workings ; West & Left Mine North Shaft, South Shaft ; Plan showing relative positions of areas photographed ... -- Sheet 2. Insets : St Lawrence Mine ; Ruby Queen Mine.Hall's Creek--Ruby Creek area, East Kimberley DistrictHalls Ck.--Ruby Ck., Plate
Highly parallel and energy-efficient exhaustive minimum distance search engine using hybrid digital/analog circuit techniques
No full textA minimum distance search engine (MDSE) is presented as a hardware. accelerator for various exhaustive pattern-matching systems. This chip executes highly parallel computations of L-1-norms between an input query and stored multiple reference records, and searches for the minimum distance among them in a highly parallel fashion. Our architectural-level estimation shows that this MDSE can reduce energy dissipation by orders of magnitude as the number of records increases, compared with the conventional systems. We have designed a prototype 4-bit 8-word MDSE composed of merged memory logic (MML) and digital/analog-mixed winner-take-all circuit (DAM-WTAC) by using hybrid digital/analog circuit techniques. It was fabricated with a 0.6-mum single-poly triple-metal CMOS technology. Experimental results show that our chip works properly at 3 V/10 MM and has approximately four times larger throughput as well as four times higher energy efficiency, compared with the existing 8-bit microcontrollers.The author would like to thank MICROS, IDEC and Samsung Electronics
Company for their support. They would also like to thank the
reviewers for their valuable comments and Dr. K. Kim, Samsung Electronics
Company, for useful discussion
(The) detection of bone marrow micrometastasis using RT-PCR for CK-19 in patients with breast cancer
No full text의학과/석사[한글]배경: 방암 환자에서 림프절 전이가 없음에도 불구하고 약 25-30% 정도에서 원격 전이에 의한 재발이 생기는 것으로 보고 되고 있다. 뼈나 골수는 유방암에서 가장 흔하게 전이되는 곳이기 때문에 골수 미세전이검사는 병변 초기에 전이 유무를 알기에 유용한 검사라 할 수 있다. 하지만 아직 이 골수 미세전이의 임상적 의의에 대해서는 논란이 많으며 다른 예후인자와의 관계도 밝혀지지 않았다.대상 및 방법: 영동세브란스병원에서 2005년 1월부터 10월까지 유방암으로 진단되어 수술받은 환자 63명을 대상으로 하였다. 수술 중 채취한 골수로부터 분리한 단핵세포에서 total RNA를 분리한 후, 골수미세전이의 표지인자로 널리 이용되고 있는 Cytokeratin-19(CK-19) mRNA를 검출하기 위해서 nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (nested RT-PCR)을 수행하였다. 아울러 CK-19 발현 양상으로 판단한 골수미세전이 유무와 대상 환자들의 임상적 특징과의 상관성에 대해서도 살펴보았다.결과: 총 63명의 원발성 유방암 환자를 대상으로 CK-19에 대한 RT-PCR(역전사 중합효소반응)을 실시하였으며 이중 24명(38%)의 환자에서 골수 미세전이가 관찰되었으며, 이중 유방암 1기 22명 중11명, 2기 33명 중 11명, 3기에 해당하는 환자가 7명 중 2명이었다.CK-19 발현과 기존 예후인자(조직학적 특성, 병기, 종양의 크기,림프절 전이 유무, 성장인자 수용체 유무, 호르몬 수용체 유무 등)와의 상관관계에서는 stage II에서 c-erbB-2 발현 여부가 통계학적으로 의의가 있었다. 액와부 임파선 전이가 없는 36예 중 15예(41.7%)에서 CK-19 발현 양성 소견을 보였다.결론:원발성 유방암 환자 63명을 대상으로 수술 중 골수를 채취하여 CK-19에 대한 RT-PCR을 이용하여 유방암의 골수로의 미세전이를 발견하는 연구를 시행하였으며, 이 중 24명(38%)에서 미세전이가관찰되었다. 유방암의 미세전이를 검사하기 위한 cytokeratin-19에대한 RT-PCR법은 골수의 미세 암세포를 발견하는데 매우 유용한검사방법임을 알 수 있었고, 암환자 치료계획 수립과 치료경과 관찰에 중요한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것이다. 병기별 예후인자와 미세전이와의 상관관계에서는 stage II에서 c-erbB-2와 연관성이 있음을알 수 있었으며, c-erbB-2와 같은 성장인자 수용체 유무와 미세전이와의 상관관계에 대한 보다 적극적인 규명 노력이 더 필요할 것이다.또한 보다 많은 증례와 장기적인 추적관찰을 통해서 이 검사방법이독립적인 예후 인자로서의 가치를 가질 수 있는가에 대해서는 더많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.
[영문]BACKGROUNDS: This study is designed to evaluate the significance ofbone marrow micrometastasis in breast cancer and to investigate the factors which are related with bone marrow micrometastasis. Approximately 25-30% of node negative breast cancerpatients experience systemic relapse. The reason why the syste-mic relapse is so high in node negative breast cancer is thatmicrometastasis was present at the time of diagnosis even though it was not found in all kinds of examinations. Bone marrow is fre-quent site of metastasis from breast cancer. So, bone marrowbiopsy is very useful method to detect metastasis at the earlystage of disease, especially in the case of micrometastasis. However, the significance of bone marrow micrometa-stasis is still controversial. We studied the CK-19 expression inthe bone marrow using RT-PCR of 63 breast cancer patients andcompaired it with patient''s tumor size, lymph node status, histolo-gic grading, ER/PR status and other known prognostic factors.METHODS: Bone marrow aspirations were taken immediate after thesurgery from 63 breast cancer patients in Yongdong SeveranceHospital from January 2005 to October 2005. Micrometastasis inbone marrow was detected by nested reverse transcription poly-merase chain reaction (nested RT-PCR) using cytokeratin-19specific primer sets. Then these results were compared withpatient''s tumor size, lymph node status, histologic grading, ER/PRstatus and other known prognostic factors.RESULTS: Bone marrow micrometastasis was detected by RT-PCRfor cytokeratin-19 mRNA in 24 cases(38.1%) in 63 breast can-cer patients. There were statistically significant correlation foundbetween c-erbB-2 expression status and CK-19 expression instage II. Bone marrow micrometastasis was also detected in 15cases(41.7%) in 36 node-negative breast cancer patients.CONCLUSIONS: The RT-PCR for cytokeratin-19 is a sensitive, specific,and rapid method for detecting micrometastatic carcinoma cellsin the bone marrow of patients with breast cancer. There weresome correlation between bone marrow micrometastasis and c-erbB-2 expression status. But, for the standardization and qualitycontrol of the RT-PCR method, more patients accrual are requir-ed for accurate conclusions.ope
Prolonged retraction on the normal common carotid artery induced lethal stroke after cervical spine surgery.
No full textBiomolecula imaging based on far-red fluorescent protein with a high two-photon excitation action cross section.
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