1,864 research outputs found
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Geologic map of the Dufur area, Wasco County, Oregon
No full textReport -- Plate 1 -- Plate 2 -- Plate 3.Jason D. McClaughry, Heather H. Herinckx, Clark A. Niewendorp, Carlie J.M. Azzopardi, and Joshua A. Hackett.Title from PDF cover (viewed on May 19, 2021).This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Design of a high quality factor spiral inductors in RF MCM-D
No full textThesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2004.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-82).This thesis studies the design and fabrication of spiral inductors for use in Radio Frequency (RF) applications. A design methodology is developed to search an inductor design space efficiently using existing simulation software. The methodology allows designers to specify a desired inductance, total area, and frequency of operation instead of the geometrical parameters required by most design software. An implementation of the methodology that finds devices with optimal quality factor at a given frequency is presented. Several inductor designs are generated using this implementation, and the devices are fabricated in the Draper Laboratory, Inc. Multichip Module-Deposited (MCM-D) process. Simulated characteristics of the devices are verified using experimental measurements, and deviations from predicted performance are discussed.by Joshua Peters.M.Eng
A Minor Jurisprudence of Play: Becoming Jurisprudents Through Play in the Majora's Mask
No full textA minor jurisprudence is a productive mode of encountering video games for the purpose of describing the jurisdictional techniques exemplified in them. To give effect to a minor jurisprudence in The Legend of Zelda: Majora’s Mask, the author argues that play must be seen as a critical component of finding and participating in the production of the space and time of jurisdiction: play underlies, mechanically and narratively, the production of Termina’s lawscape. A jurisprudential reading of play – particularly as the player-as-jurisprudent participates in the production of Termina’s lawscape – is made possible through the game’s virtuality and dimensionality (time, persona, and movement). The chapter concludes by situating this intervention in legal theory to help characterise a minor jurisprudence of play – aesthetically, representationally, and materially – as world-making
Effect of changes in testing parameters on the cost-effectiveness of two pooled test methods to classify infection status of animals in a herd
No full textMonte Carlo simulation was used to determine optimal fecal pool sizes for identification of all Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP)-infected cows in a dairy herd. Two pooling protocols were compared: a halving protocol involving a single retest of negative pools followed by halving of positive pools and a simple protocol involving single retest of negative pools but no halving of positive pools. For both protocols, all component samples in positive pools were then tested individually. In the simulations, the distributions of number of tests required to classify all individuals in an infected herd were generated for various combinations of prevalence (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1), herd size (300, 1000 and 3000), pool size (5, 10, 20 and 50) and test sensitivity (0.5–0.9). Test specificity was fixed at 1.0 because fecal culture for MAP yields no or rare false-positive results. Optimal performance was determined primarily on the basis of a comparison of the distributions of numbers of tests needed to detect MAP-infected cows using the Mann–Whitney U test statistic. Optimal pool size was independent of both herd size and test characteristics, regardless of protocol. When sensitivity was the same for each pool size, pool sizes of 20 and 10 performed best for both protocols for prevalences of 0.01 and 0.1, respectively, while for prevalences of 0.05, pool sizes of 10 and 20 were optimal for the simple and halving protocols, respectively. When sensitivity decreased with increasing pool size, the results changed for prevalences of 0.05 and 0.1 with pool sizes of 50 being optimal especially at a prevalence of 0.1. Overall, the halving protocol was more cost effective than the simple protocol especially at higher prevalences. For detection of MAP using fecal culture, we recommend use of the halving protocol and pool sizes of 10 or 20 when the prevalence is suspected to range from 0.01 to 0.1 and there is no expected loss of sensitivity with increasing pool size. If loss in sensitivity is expected and the prevalence is thought to be between 0.05 and 0.1, the halving protocol and a pool size of 50 is recommended. Our findings are broadly applicable to other infectious diseases under comparable testing conditions.ID: S0167587710000085; M3: Article; Accession Number: S0167587710000085; Author: Locksley L. McV. Messam (a, b); Author: Joshua M. O’Brien (c); Author: Sharon K. Hietala (d); Author: Ian A. Gardner (e, ⁎); Affiliation: St. Georges University, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 7, True Blue, St. Georges, Grenada, West Indies; Affiliation: St. Georges University, Office of the Dean, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 7, True Blue, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies; Affiliation: Center for Animal Disease Modeling and Surveillance, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Affiliation: California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Affiliation: Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Keyword: Cost-effectiveness; Keyword: Pooled testing; Keyword: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis; Keyword: Retesting; Number of Pages: 11; Language: English
The literary works of Sir Joshua Reynolds ... to which is prefixed, a memoir of the author; with remarks on his professional character, illustrative of his principles and practice.
No full textIncludes index."A chronological list of painters, from the revival of the art to the beginning of the last century," by Thomas Gray: v. 2, p. [425]-455."The art of painting, by Charles Alphonse Du Fresnoy; translated into English verse. By William Mason, M.A., with annotations by Sir Joshua Reynolds": v. 2, p. [237]-358.Mode of access: Internet
Family altruism and incentives
No full textThe author builds on the altruistic model of the family, to explore the strategic interaction between altruistic parents, and selfish children, when children's efforts are endogenous. If there is uncertainty about the amount of income the children will realize, and if parents have imperfect information, the children have an incentive to exert little effort, and to rely on their parent's altruistically motivated transfers. Because of this, parents face a tradeoff between the insurance that bequests implicitly provide their children, and the disincentive to work prompted by their altruism. The author shows that if parents can credibly commit to a pattern of transfers, they will choose not to compensate children in bad outcomes, as much as predicted by the standard (no uncertainty, no asymmetric information) dynastic model of the family. Alternatively, parents may choose to forgo any insurance, and offer a fixed level of bequest, to elicit greater effort from their children. The optimal transfers structure that the author derives, reconciles the predictions of the altruistic family model, with much of the existing evidence on inter-generational transfers, which suggests that parents compensate only partially, or not at all, for earnings differentials among their children. Moreover, the author shows that Ricardian equivalence holds in this setup, except when non-negativity constraints are binding.Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Health Economics&Finance,Educational Sciences,Safety Nets and Transfers
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Institutions and Incentives in R&D Finance
No full textThis dissertation contains three chapters. The first two chapters share a combined emphasis on heterogeneity in innovation, using modern text analysis and patent data to enhance our understanding of innovation over the past four decades. In Chapter 1, I focus on the venture capital industry and the federal government in the U.S. Chapter 2 builds the first comprehensive dataset on Chinese innovation and investigates the role of the Chinese government in supporting innovation, especially in technologies critical for national security. In Chapter 3, I study volatility in public equity markets during conferences held by chairs of the federal reserve.
In Chapter 1, I evaluate the allocation of venture capital across 643 technologies using a new technology-level measure of the gestation lag between investment and innovation. Using natural language processing, I assign innovation funding between 1980-2022 from the following sources to these technologies: venture capital firms, public companies, two federal programs that target commercialization of innovation, and the top four federal agencies most important for government funding of innovation. I find that venture capital is disproportionately allocated to technologies with short development lags compared to the federal government; this allocation resembles that by public companies and is shorter-term relative to the distribution of commercial value and scientific opportunities across technologies, as inferred from other sources of innovation funding. I show theoretically and empirically that investors' desire to raise follow-on funds earlier (``fundraising pressure’’) is a potential driver of this short-termism.
Chapter 2 studies Chinese innovation in critical technologies between 1985 and 2023. Anecdotally, the Chinese economy has become increasingly innovative over time. However, there is little systematic knowledge about the technologies in which it has progressed, whether it has surpassed the global technological frontier, and what role the government has played in the production of innovation. We address this gap by constructing a comprehensive dataset of Chinese patents. We enhance this dataset with patent-level measures of creativity and influence constructed using text data. These measures of patent value allow us to separate the more influential innovation from the rest, which is difficult to do using the traditional measure of citations in the Chinese context. We also link this dataset to resume data and firm financial data, allowing us to identify inventors and companies with links to the U.S. Using our newly constructed patent dataset, we document a rapid rise in domestic, Chinese innovation in technologies deemed critical by the U.S. Department of Defense. We also find that the Chinese government---via state-owned enterprises, the Seven Sons of Defense universities, and the People's Liberation Army---and U.S.-trained inventors play a disproportionate role in the rise of Chinese innovation in critical technologies.
In Chapter 3, we document a shift in the market impact of the press conference given by the Federal Reserve Chair at the close of FOMC meetings. Using intraday trading data, we find that market volatility is more than three times higher during press conferences given by Chair Jerome Powell than during press conferences by his predecessors Janet Yellen and Ben Bernanke. Press conferences since the start of Covid-19 are largely responsible for the heightened market volatility during Chair Powell's conferences. During this period, we find that markets tend to move in the opposite direction during the press conference compared to their movements following the release of the FOMC statement. In contrast, press conferences by Chairs Bernanke and Yellen tended to reinforce the markets' initial reactions to the FOMC statement. Text analysis of press conferences transcripts suggests that Chair Powell's choice of language during the press Q\&A correlates with these market movements. We find that Fed communications during this period have been less effective in reducing forward-looking interest rate uncertainty.Economic
Disaggregated financial statement information in an unregulated environment
No full textThesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2015.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 67-71).This paper examines whether disaggregated financial statement information during the late 1920's reduced information asymmetry. After controlling for firms endogenously selecting their level of disaggregation, I find that disaggregation reduced the information asymmetry between market participants and between the firm and outside investors. Disaggregators had lower bid-ask spreads and short sellers paid lower loan fees for borrowing disaggregators' stocks. In addition, disaggregators were more likely to raise capital in the following year. These results are consistent with firms using high-quality financial reporting to reduce information asymmetry even in the absence of regulation as a bonding mechanism.by Joshua David Anderson.Ph. D
Part Change Management: A Case Study on Automotive OEM Development and Production Perspectives
No full textDue to interest in aspects such as process, strategies, and tools of engineering changes expressed in a literature review, a case study was done on a major automotive OEM to assess the perceived quality of its part engineering change management process and supporting system through its employees’ eyes. A combination of 12 interviews lasting 12 hours and 46 written surveys was used to capture the views of participants from all major functions found at the research and development (R&D) headquarters of the OEM: Purchasing, Production, Development, and one group consisting of all other functions (“Other”). Statistical analysis was performed to identify statistically significant differences between employee perceptions of an engineering change management system among different departments, amount of use, and years of use. It was found that statistically significant differences exist in terms of understanding the usability of the system between different departments and also between different years of experience.</jats:p
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