123,629 research outputs found
The Sumida : changing perceptions of a river
No full textOver the last century the image of the Sumida has already been modified twice, while a third change is currently taking place. Prior to the Meiji era the river acted not only as a communication axis and red light district, but also as a recreational area and sacred zone. With the opening up of Japan, it developed as one of Tokyo's industrial districts, also becoming a cosmopolitan but marginalised area. With rapid growth this marginalisation was accentuated, with the "razor blade embankment" and motorways cutting off the river and its banks from the city. The present phase of change, which began in 1980, is marked by the wish to rediscover certain riverscape values : a redeveloped waterfront, the razor blade embankment demolished and new bridges built. Even the temples of the river banks are again pilgrims.En un siècle, l'image de la Sumida a changé deux fois et un troisième changement est en cours. Avant l'ère Meiji, la rivière était à la fois un axe de circulation, un lieu permissif, un espace de loisir et, finalement, un espace sacré. Avec l'ouverture du Japon, elle est devenue l'un des lieux de concentration industrielle de Tokyo, mais également un secteur cosmopolite et marginalisé. Avec la haute croissance, la marginalisation s'accentuera, digues-rasoirs et autoroutes coupant la rivière et ses rives de l'agglomération. La phase de changement actuelle, qui s'amorce en 1980, est marquée par le souci de retrouver certaines valeurs paysagères : berges aménagées, digues-rasoirs supprimées et nouveaux ponts. Les temples sur les rives redeviennent même des lieux de pèlerinage.Waley Paul. The Sumida : changing perceptions of a river. In: Revue de géographie de Lyon, vol. 65, n°4, 1990. Villes et fleuves au Japon et en France. pp. 261-275
Post-larval development in deep-sea echinoderms
No full textThe post-larval phase is an essential period in the life history of marine invertebrates; vulnerable to high mortality, it ultimately influences the distribution and abundance of adult populations. The post metamorphic ontogenesis of thirty species of deep-sea echinoderms, belonging to three classes (Ophiuroidea, Asteroidea and Echinoidea), is described using scanning electron microscopy. The life history of Ophiocten gracilis is also examined as a case study for future research on post-larval organisms. The analysis of development in ophiuroids reveals that species can be identified from a very early post metamorphic stage, even in congeneric species, contrary to the findings of other authors. The ontogeny of homologous structures is similar within related groups, but may give rise to different adult structures indifferent taxa. The mouth papillae within the ophiurids are serially homologous, originating from the jaw, but the fourth mouth papilla may have a different origin. In the families Ophiactidae, Ophiacanthidae and Amphilepididae examined, the mouth papillae have different origins, as, for instance, the adoral shieldspine or tentacle scale. Data on the post-larval development of Ophiura affinis suggest that this species is more closely related to the genus Ophiocten and a change in the generic status is proposed. Ophiocten gracilis is a bathyal brittle star occurring on both sides of the North Atlantic and its life history is studied in the eastern side of the North Atlantic. In this area, O. gracilis spawns in February/March of each year producing a large number of eggs. Fecundity is estimated to be around 40,000 eggs/ind, with the population of the Hebridean Slope being able to produce probably up to 16 million eggs/m2. Post-larvae start settling in May and numbers settling reached over 3,200 post-larvae/m2. The settling speed of post-larvae in the water column is estimated to be around 500 m/day, settling faster in warmer than colder water. Settling speeds appear to be similar for post-larvae ranging from 0.6 to 0.9 mm in disk diameter. Size at settlement is around 0.6 mm in disk diameter and 5-6 arm segments. The settlement of post-larval O. gracilis on the bottom of the Hebridean Slope also represented a considerable fraction of the particulate organic carbon (POC) flux in the area, reaching over 7% of the total daily flux. This is likely to have a considerable impact in the benthic community as competition and predation and as an additional food source for demersal and benthic organisms. The occurrence of post-larvae of O. gracilis in sediment traps also represented a large problem for POC flux measurements, with ophiuroids consuming part of the flux. In future works with sediment traps, such errors must be taken into account and ophiuroids must be included in the total POC flux. The deep-sea juvenile asteroids of the NE Atlantic could be distinguished to species level from a very early stage of development. The ontogenesis of Porcellanaster ceruleus shows that this species is likely to undergo a shift in habitat and diet during the juvenile phase. This is evidenced by the appearance of the epiproctal cone, the changing of the furrow and apical spines, the early development of the cribriform organ adjacent to the madreporite and the appearance of sediment in the stomach. P. ceruleus is probably a predator on meiofauna and small macrofaunal organisms during the early stages of life, changing to a burrowed life style ingesting sediment particles. Most juvenile sea stars analysed during the present study showed wider bathymetric distribution than their adult counterparts, suggesting that events occurring during the early stages of life are important for the maintenance of the local population structure and diversity in the deep NE Atlantic.The post-metamorphic development of three deep-sea spatangoid echinoids is very similar, but the morphology and formation of fascioles facilitate the distinction of the species examined. Whereas in Hemiaster expergitus and Spatangus raschi the fascioles present in the post-larvae develop to form the adult fascioles, in Brissopsis lyrifera post-larvae there is a juvenile fasciole, which disappears during ontogenesis giving way to the adult fascioles. The function of the juvenile fasciole is unknown in B.lyrifera. The development of the periproct in all spatangoids examined is similar to that described by other authors, with the periproct being initially endocyclic and migrating towards the rear of the animal as development progresses. Post-larvae of the genus Echinus could not be separated into different species, which may be linked to the recent diversification of the genus in the North Atlantic. The widespread settlement of echinoderm post-larvae reported in the present thesis and in other works is thought to have been very important for the colonization of the deep-sea through the supply of stages to deeper areas and selection of pressure adapted animals and subsequent speciation
Le rôle des cours d'eau dans la formation des villes au Japon - l'exemple d'Edo et de la Sumida / The Role of Rivers in the Development of Japanese Cities: The Case of the Edo and the Sumida
No full textИИ-JJapanese rivers are small but numerous. The towns that were naturally formed at their mouths are nowadays the country's largest cities . The general aim, therefore, of analysing Japanese cities and rivers is to consider coastal cities. The Edo (Tokyo) and Sumida (Tone-gawa/Ara-kawa) are representative cases by which it is possible to study the role of rivers in development of cities in relation to natural, human, social and economic change.Les rivières japonaises sont petites mais nombreuses. Les villes qui se sont naturellement installées à leur estuaire forment les principales cités actuelles du pays. Analyser les villes et les fleuves au Japon consiste alors à prendre comme objet général les villes littorales. Edo (Tôkyô) et la Sumida (Tone-gawa/Ara-kawa) constituent un exemple représentatif, grâce auquel on étudiera le rôle du fleuve dans la ville, son évolution au travers des conditions naturelles et humaines, sociales et économiques en constant développement.Miyamura Tadashi, Pelletier Philippe. Le rôle des cours d'eau dans la formation des villes au Japon - l'exemple d'Edo et de la Sumida / The Role of Rivers in the Development of Japanese Cities: The Case of the Edo and the Sumida. In: Revue de géographie de Lyon, vol. 65, n°4, 1990. Villes et fleuves au Japon et en France. pp. 251-254
A Multi-Language Comparison of Influences on Author Verification using Character N-Grams
No full textWe create a new multi-language corpus for author verification based on Wikipedia talkpages, and evaluate the influence that differences in topic and time have on character n-gram author profiles. Topic alignment between two texts is found to increase author verification precision, and an authors writing style is found to change over time, but not more significantly after 3 years than after 1 year.Information ArchitectureWISElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
Ultrasonic Doppler Sensor for Measuring Vehicle Speed in Forward and Reverse Motions Including Low Speed Motions
No full textRosana G. Moreira, Editor-in-Chief; Texas A&M UniversityThis is a Technical article from International Commission of Agricultural Engineering (CIGR, Commission Internationale du Genie Rural) E-Journal Volume 3 (2001): K. Imou, M. Ishida, T. Okamoto, Y. Kaizu, A. Sawamura, and N. Sumida. Ultrasonic Doppler Sensor for Measuring Vehicle Speed in Forward and Reverse Motions Including Low Speed Motions. Vol. III, October 2001
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Análise de alta produtividade em pimenta do reino: efeitos de diferentes condições direcionais em alguns caracteres agronômicos de plantas de pimenta do reino.
No full textO
No full textDespite the large number of metal–organic frameworks that have been studied in the context of post-combustion carbon capture, adsorption equilibria of gas mixtures including CO₂, N₂, and H₂O, which are the three biggest components of the flue gas emanating from a coal- or natural gas-fired power plant, have never been reported. Here, we disclose the design and validation of a high-throughput multicomponent adsorption instrument that can measure equilibrium adsorption isotherms for mixtures of gases at conditions that are representative of an actual flue gas from a power plant. This instrument is used to study 15 different metal–organic frameworks, zeolites, mesoporous silicas, and activated carbons representative of the broad range of solid adsorbents that have received attention for CO₂ capture. While the multicomponent results presented in this work provide many interesting fundamental insights, only adsorbents functionalized with alkylamines are shown to have any significant CO₂ capacity in the presence of N₂ and H₂O at equilibrium partial pressures similar to those expected in a carbon capture process. Most significantly, the amine-appended metal organic framework mmen-Mg₂(dobpdc) (mmen = N,N′-dimethylethylenediamine, dobpdc ⁴⁻ = 4,4′-dioxido-3,3′-biphenyldicarboxylate) exhibits a record CO₂ capacity of 4.2 ± 0.2 mmol/g (16 wt %) at 0.1 bar and 40 °C in the presence of a high partial pressure of H₂O.Jarad A. Mason, Thomas M. McDonald, Tae-Hyun Bae, Jonathan E. Bachman, Kenji Sumida, Justin J. Dutton, Steven S. Kaye and Jeffrey R. Lon
- …
