323,893 research outputs found
A simulation-based study of the cost and performance trade-offs in a semiconductor IC manufacturing facility
No full textThesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1996.Includes bibliographical references (p. 140).by Sumer S. Johal.M.Eng
Sanctioning "future crime": the problem of virtual child pornography
No full textŠtevilne mednarodne konvencije, kot tudi kazenskopravna zakonodaja držav po svetu, definira otroško pornografijo kot gradivo, ki prikazuje mladoletnika (osebo, mlajšo od osemnajst let) med spolnim dejanjem ali pa spolne organe te osebe z nekim spolnim namenom. Definicije med seboj nekoliko variirajo, vendar pa se še večja težava in razlikovanje pojavi pri pojmu virtualne otroške pornografije, ki jo identični pravni viri definirajo v veliki večini kot vsebine, ki prikazujejo mladoletnike (torej osebe mlajše od osemnajst let), ki pa niso resnične, ampak v celoti računalniško ustvarjene. To je vrsta otroške pornografije, ki se nahaja predvsem na spletu, najdemo pa jo tudi v fizični obliki (na primer japonski stripi – mange). Nekatere države sankcionirajo in v celoti prepovedujejo virtualno otroško pornografijo, spet druge jo dovoljujejo in v njej ne vidijo ničesar spornega. V veliki meri pa sankcioniranje te temelji na strahu pred \u27\u27prihodnjim zločinom\u27\u27. Oblasti se bojijo, da bi gledanje takih vsebin, čeprav slednje ne prikazujejo dejanskih otrok in s tem tudi nimamo dejanskih žrtev iz pravnega vidika, kljub temu negativno vplivalo na percepcijo posameznikov in kako ti vidijo otroke. Obstajajo raziskave, ki potrjujejo ta strah in kažejo, da so tisti pedofili, ki so bili izpostavljeni virtualni otroški pornografiji, nato bili motivirani na njeni podlagi, da napadejo in zlorabijo otroke v resničnem svetu, izven računalniškega zaslona. Na drugi strani pa obstajajo povsem nasprotujoče raziskave, ki trdijo, da ne obstaja povezava med tem, kaj nekdo gleda ter tem, kako se bo v prihodnosti obnašal. Vse naj bi bilo po njihovem mnenju odvisno od osebnosti vsakega posameznika, njegovih vrednot, odnosa do prava in tako naprej, ne pa od tega ali gledajo virtualno otroško pornografijo ali ne. Prav to je glavna problematika tega področja. Glede na med seboj nasprotujoče si raziskave, stoji argument strahu na izjemno tankem ledu, kar pomeni, da ne bi smel biti dovolj za sankcioniranje tako širokega pojma, kot je virtualna otroška pornografija, ki lahko obsega številne vsebine, ki morda sploh ne bi smele biti opredeljene kot takšne. Zakonodaje držav po svetu se razlikujejo med seboj glede tega, kaj sploh spada pod virtualno otroško pornografijo, ali naj bi se slednja sankcionirala, ali je sploh družbeno sporna, kako naj bi se jo sankcioniralo za najvišjo raven učinkovitosti in tako naprej. Težko najdemo določen del te problematike, kjer se med seboj strinjajo. To ne velja le za zakonodaje, ampak kot že omenjeno tudi za raziskave na drugih področjih izven pravne stroke, kot je na primer psihologija. Niti tam se ne morejo zediniti glede tega, kakšen vpliv ima gledanje določenih vsebin in izpostavljenost posameznika tem na njegovo vedenje in ali to povečuje možnost protipravnih ravnanj, povezanih s temi vsebinami, v prihodnosti. Vsa nasprotovanja, dileme in še zmeraj nerešena vprašanja nas lahko pripeljejo do zaključka, da dokler nimamo trdnejših dokazov o vplivu virtualne otroške pornografije na pedofile in tudi otroke, nimamo podlage za njeno pravno sankcioniranje.Numerous international conventions, as well as the criminal law of countries around the world, define child pornography as material that depicts a minor (a person under the age of eighteen) engaged in a sexual act or the sexual organs of that person for a sexual purpose. The definitions vary somewhat, but an even greater problem and distinction arises with the concept of virtual child pornography, which identical legal sources define in the vast majority as content that depicts minors (i.e. persons under the age of eighteen) who are not real, but entirely computer-generated. This is a type of child pornography that is found mainly online, but can also be found in physical form (for example, Japanese comics - manga). Some countries sanction and completely prohibit virtual child pornography, while others allow it and see nothing objectionable in it. To a large extent, however, the sanctioning of this is based on the fear of "future crime". The authorities fear that viewing such content, even though it does not depict actual children and therefore does not have any actual victims from a legal perspective, would nevertheless negatively affect individuals\u27 perceptions and how they see children. There is research that confirms this fear and shows that those pedophiles who were exposed to virtual child pornography were then motivated on the basis of it to attack and abuse children in the real world, outside the computer screen. On the other hand, there is completely contradictory research that claims that there is no connection between what someone watches and how they will behave in the future. In their opinion, everything depends on the personality of each individual, their values, attitude towards the law and so on, and not on whether they watch virtual child pornography or not. This is precisely the main problem in this area. Given the conflicting research, the fear argument stands on extremely thin ice, meaning that it should not be enough to sanction such a broad concept as virtual child pornography, which can encompass a wide range of content that perhaps should not be defined as such in the first place. The laws of countries around the world do not differ from each other in terms of what even falls under virtual child pornography, how it should be sanctioned, whether it is socially controversial at all, how it should be sanctioned for the highest level of effectiveness, and so on. It is difficult to find a specific part of this issue where they agree with each other. This applies not only to legislation, but, as already mentioned, also to research in other fields outside the legal profession, such as psychology. Even there, they cannot agree on what impact viewing certain content and an individual\u27s exposure to it has on their behavior and whether this increases the possibility of illegal actions related to this content in the future. All the contradictions, dilemmas, and still unresolved questions can lead us to the conclusion that until we have solid evidence about the impact of virtual child pornography on pedophiles and children, we have no basis for legally sanctioning it
Non-LTE modelling of prominence fine structures using hydrogen Lyman-line profiles
No full textDate of Acceptance: 10/03/2015Aims. We perform a detailed statistical analysis of the spectral Lyman-line observations of the quiescent prominence observed on May 18, 2005. Methods. We used a profile-to-profile comparison of the synthetic Lyman spectra obtained by 2D single-thread prominence fine-structure model as a starting point for a full statistical analysis of the observed Lyman spectra. We employed 2D multi-thread fine-structure models with random positions and line-of-sight velocities of each thread to obtain a statistically significant set of synthetic Lyman-line profiles. We used for the first time multi-thread models composed of non-identical threads and viewed at line-of-sight angles different from perpendicular to the magnetic field. Results. We investigated the plasma properties of the prominence observed with the SoHO/SUMER spectrograph on May 18, 2005 by comparing the histograms of three statistical parameters characterizing the properties of the synthetic and observed line profiles. In this way, the integrated intensity, Lyman decrement ratio, and the ratio of intensity at the central reversal to the average intensity of peaks provided insight into the column mass and the central temperature of the prominence fine structures.Peer reviewe
S. N. Kramer. — From the Tablets of Sumer.
No full textParrot André. S. N. Kramer. — From the Tablets of Sumer.. In: Syria. Tome 34 fascicule 3-4, 1957. pp. 345-347
Remaking intimate citizenship in multicultural Europe: introduction
No full textBook synopsis: This book offers a ground-breaking analysis of how women's movements have been remaking citizenship in multicultural Europe. Presenting the findings of a large scale, multi-disciplinary, cross-national feminist research project, FEMCIT, it develops an expanded, multi-dimensional understanding of citizenship as practice and experience. Remaking Citizenship pays particular attention to processes of racialization and minoritization as they impact upon, and construct, citizenship and women's movements in contemporary Europe. The book develops answers to two vital questions – what difference have women's movements and feminism made to experiences and practices of citizenship, and how can we assess the state of citizenship in contemporary Europe from the perspective of women, particularly minoritized women
Remaking citizenship in multicultural Europe: women's movements, gender and diversity
No full textBook synopsis: This book offers a ground-breaking analysis of how women's movements have been remaking citizenship in multicultural Europe. Presenting the findings of a large scale, multi-disciplinary, cross-national feminist research project, FEMCIT, it develops an expanded, multi-dimensional understanding of citizenship as practice and experience. Remaking Citizenship pays particular attention to processes of racialization and minoritization as they impact upon, and construct, citizenship and women's movements in contemporary Europe. The book develops answers to two vital questions – what difference have women's movements and feminism made to experiences and practices of citizenship, and how can we assess the state of citizenship in contemporary Europe from the perspective of women, particularly minoritized women
The role of public mass catering in local foodshed governance toward self-reliance of Metropolitan regions
No full textEuropean Union policy promotes the redesigning of food systems, with special focus on peri-urban agriculture and the metropolitan regions food self-sufficiency. In this context, the study has evaluated the feasibility of “urban food procurement model” (URP-model); which is prepared based on the institutional mass catering fed by local and short supply chains, considering Milan metropolitan region a case study. A methodology was proposed to assess the potential food-self-reliance, and data-driven and geographical mapping approaches were used to define the foodshed’ borders, on the basis of spatial information about local supply and demand. The URP-Model was evaluated via SWOT analysis with the main actors having a key role in the local food policy and public mass catering management. Results indicated the local supply chains that could be involved into the URP-model and their potential contribution to the public institutions food self-reliance. The related opportunity maps show the extension of foodshed for different foodstuff categories. An overview about the barriers for the URP-model development and about its potential as tool to going toward food smart governance of metropolitan areas, is provided. The results can be effective for the planning of food system by the authorities involved with the public mass catering
Quiet-Sun variability observed with SUMER and CDS
No full textBrightness variations of solar features are investigated
using time series of images and spectra of quiet-Sun regions at disc
centre obtained with the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer (CDS) and
the Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation (SUMER)
instrument onboard the SOHO spacecraft. Ultraviolet emission lines
sampling temperatures of the chromosphere, transition region and corona
were recorded, with the \ion{He}{i} 584.3 Å and \ion{O}{v} 629.7 Å lines
being recorded simultaneously by both instruments. A comparison shows
that both instruments give similar results except that SUMER reveals a
factor of three higher absolute and relative variability than CDS.
Simple tests suggest that the higher spatial resolution of SUMER compared
to CDS, and the broad slit used for the CDS observations, are responsible
for this difference. This points to the need for higher spatial resolution
for future variability studies. The SUMER results confirm and extend to
lower temperatures the trends deduced in an earlier paper from CDS
data
Lamentation sur Sumer et Ur 351
No full textLa ligne 351 de LSU soulève des problèmes considérables. La version de Nippur (G et K) a TUR(-)sag̃ (dumu-sag̃) bulug-ga KI.LAM-bi-a ki [...], celle d'Ur (HH) dul2-sag̃ bulug-ga KI.LAMba-bi-a ki li-bi-ib-de5-de5-ge. S.N. Kramer ne traduit pas (ANET [1969] 617). P. Michalowski, s'appuyant sur le texte d'Ur, reconstruit túl sag bulug-ga ganba-bi-a ki li-bi-ib-ri-ir-ge (The Lamentation over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur [=MC 1, 1989] 58) et propose "The one who (used to) drill large wells, (now just) scratches the ground in the market place" (p. 59). Dans son commentaire (p.98), il remarque toutefois que les deux textes de Nippur ont TUR sag au lie de dul2-sag̃ et n'exclut pas que "the phonetic similarity between túl and tur result[s] in a reinterpretation of the beginninge of the line as dumu sag". Le PSD (B 176) enfin enregistre le passage s.v. bulug B (a word for son), li dumu-sag̃, mais n'offre pas de traduction
- …
