76 research outputs found
A Study on Pandu
No full textThe World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that globally, 1.62 billion people are pandu, with the highest prevalence of pandu (47.4%) among preschool – aged children. Of these 293 million children, 89 million live in India. According to the third National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 2005-2006 revealed that at least 80% of Indian children were pandu.
Today in our country, Pandu is one of the major problem in paediatrics. It mostly affects cell growth and proliferation in tissues like nervous system and gastro intestinal tract.
In India because of poverty, poor socio-economic pattern, malnutrition, untreated illness, hook worm infestation is the common cause of Pandu noi among the pre-school and school going children.
Kuzhanthai maruthuvam is a specialized branch in Siddha medicine which deals with the treatment of the disease of children upto 12 years. The diseases in children are broadly classified in two categories – Ahakarana noigal(diseases that occurs in the intrauterine period) and the Purakarana noigal(diseases that occurs after child‟s birth ie., due to intrinsic causes)
In siddha system “PANDU NOI” is equivalent to “ANAEMIA”.
National anemia controlling programs aims at significantly decreasing the prevalence and incidence of anemia in preschool children and adolescents. Even though anemia is one of the major public health problems in developing India.
In order to treat this, a safest, highly efficacy and cost effective drug is needed. That is safe drug “Pandu noikku kalappu thool” has been choose by the author.
Pandu noikku kalappu thool is a multi compound herbal drug has the trail drug through a literature review of modern and siddha texts, biochemical, pharmacological and clinical trial were carried out and the result obtained were discussed in the end.
AIM :
Prevention and cure are basic aims in Siddha system of medicine, which prevent disease by careful dieting and proper relaxation of the mind to achieve a totality of health.
India being densely populated with people of different socio-economic status, children with poor sanitary facilities, lack of personal and environmental hygiene are the common victims of this disease. It forms one of the major causes of sickness among children which causes a heavy economic burden to health services. They have been suffering from various diseases due to deficiency of nutrition
It is essential to find out a simple drug to treat this disease. The drug should be easily available, economic, easily administered and also highly effective in smaller doses.
As a Siddha pediatrician, an extra personal interest in the study of new drug for this common nutritional deficiency has been aimed. With this aim in mind, Pandu Noikku Kalappu Thool was tried in the patients suffering from Pandu.
OBJECTIVES :
1. To collect the literature evidence regarding the disease “Pandu”
2. To analyze the trial medicine in bio-chemically and pharmacologically for complete evaluation of the drug.
3. To have a clinical trial on Pandu noi in children with a selected medicine viz., “Pandu noikku kalappu thool” with honey.
4. To have an idea about prevalence of Pandu Noi with reference to Age, Sex, Socio-economic status, Seasonal variations, Poverty, etc.,
5. To evaluate the disease Pandu clinically by careful examination on etiology, clinical features, treatment, prognosis, complications, etc.,
6. To know the extend of correlation of etiology, classification, symptomatology, diagnostic methods and line of treatment compared with more or less anemia in the modern aspects.
7. To have a complete study of the disease Pandu under the headings of Mukkutram, Udalkattugal, Envagai thervugal, Neerkuri, Neikuri etc., in order to evaluate the pathogenesis pathology of Pandu.
8. To make use of modern parameters in the investigation side to confirm the diagnosis and to follow the progress of patients.
9. To make an awareness among the parents about the prevention of the disease in children.
CONCLUSION :
Pandu Noikku Kalappu Thool has significant haematinic and laxative actions.
From the studies it is clear that Pandu noi, is caused by derangement of pitham, followed by the derangement of vatham and kabam.
It has shown very good result in controlling iron deficiency anemia and it raises the hemoglobin level in anemia patients when given regularly along with other healthy supplementary diets.
Both symptomatic relief and qualitative improvement were observed in the patients. It is also proved that it is effective treatment for nutritional deficiency anemia. No adverse effect were observed in the Pandu Noikku Kalappu Thool treated patients.
The drug is a compound herbal product, easily available, cost effective, easy to administrate, simple way of preparation, high efficacy, harmless to infants and children.
The dose of the drug used in the present study is to be used in pediatric practice to treat children with Pandu noi.
This drug has Thuvarppu, Inippu, Kaippu tastes. These tastes correct the pitha diseases like pandu.
Ingridents of Pandu Noikku Kalappu Thool has ascorbic acid. This vitamin C enhances the Iron absorptions.
Because of these encouraging outcoming results, the study may be undertaken with same medicine in a large number of cases and it may open new windows for the treatment of “Pandu Noi”
A Study on Pandu Noi
No full textWHO defines that “Health is the state of physical, mental social and spirituals wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity”.
• Pandu noi is one of the major global disease in children community.prevelence is to be higher in children than adults and elder ones.
• So the author focus to treat the pandu noi.with the foremost preparation of the medicine TIRUDHARATCHATHA CHOORANAM (TC) which is mentioned in Agasthiyar vaithiya rathina surukkam.
• The raw drugs were collected from the local market in Chennai.
• The medicine was prepared in NIS gunapadam lab.
• Then the medicine was subjected to the toxicity study.
• After done the preclinical study medicine was subjected to clinical study in NIS, OPD and IPD.
• Simultaneously the pharmacology activities, qualitative analysis of the medicine were evaluated.
CONCLUSION:
Based on the preclinical study the safety dose was 1500mg/kg bw, here we concluded that the therapeutic dose of TIRUDHARATCHATHA CHOORANAM (TC) which is mentioned in Agasthiyar vaithya rathina surukkam is a safe dose for clinical trial.
• From the clinical study findings I concluded that the foremost preparation of the medicine was selected is effective singnificantly in the management of Pandu noi.
• It could be one of the unavoidable medicine to treat pandu noi.
• In forthcoming days this study will be redouble by do the standardization of the medicine
A Study on Diagnostic Methodology in Vaatha Pandu in the Context of Ennvagai Thervugal
No full textAIM AND OBJECTIVES:
AIM:
To diagnose the disease VATHA PANDU through Ennavagai thervugal (the eight fold eramination)
OBJECTIVES:
Primary:
To document inference of the Ennavagai theruval in the disease VATHA PANDU.
Secondary:
1. To review and collect the Literature evidence about vatha Pandu.
2. To Evaluvate the Etiology of Vatha Pandu.
3. To study in detail about etiopathogensis of vatha pandu.
4. To study the significance of manikkadai nool in the vatha pandu. To do concerned Laboratory investigation.
Material & Methods
The pathological evaluation and methodological study of Vatha pandu was carried in out patients as well as inpatient department at Govt. Siddha Medical College. Palayamkottai.
Selection and Eupervision;
The author had selected the 50 cases for Vatha pandu but of out of 40 cases are correlated with Vatha pandu as mentioned in yugi vaithiya chinthamani under the supervision of facilities and head of the department PG Noi Naadal.
Evaluation of Clinical Parameters :
The detailed history and clinical features of teh patients were taken carefully.
This cliniacal history contains:
1. Family history,
2. Inclusion creteria age (16 to 70) Nutrition deficiensy, Worm infestation,
3. Personal history,
4. Socio – economic status,
5. History of infections disease,
6. History previous illness,
7. Clinical features of the Vatha Paandu.
Clinical Symptoms
1. Flatulence,
2. Low abdominal pian,
3. Loss of thirst,
4. Loss of appetite,
5. Burning sensatin of skin,
6. Hyperpigmentation vessels,
7. Shivering,
8. Redness eye,
9. Costipation,
10. Headache,
11. Pallor,
12. Swelling of body,
Diagnosis;
Envagai therrugal including neerkuri, neikuri manikadai nool.
The diagnosis is made on the basis of interpretation of the following Siddha principles.
1. Poriyal therdhal,
2. Pulanal therdhal,
3. Vinnaadhal,
4. Yaakayninellakanam,
5. Gunam,
6. Changes in Udal thathukkal,
7. Changes in Uyir thathukkal,
8. Noi Utra kalam,
9. Noil Utra Nilam,
Modern Parameters:
For further detailed study of the disease, modern parameters were
used. Investigation
Routine blood : TC, DC, ESR, HB.
1. Peripheral smear,
2. Complete Haemogram.
SUMMARY:
The author selected the topic by detailed history, clinical examination. The author had selected the cases of vatha pandu. Vatha Pandu is caused by nutritional deficiency, worm infestations
and natural urges. The author has selected the cases for vatha pandu in GOVT. Siddha medical college Hospital under the supervision of facilities of Noi Naadal department.
Dietary, habits and external causes, and natural urges increases the pitham but indirectly affect the vatham and kapham. So saaram formed in decreased in quality, simultaneously seneer (ratham) is also formed decreased quality so pandu noi came. The author had take the photos mainly on Tongue, Neerkuri Neikuri, nails, eyes A depressed immune system lowered capacity to digest, absorb, utilize transport nutrients. It cannot eliminiate the toxic substances, so it results in disease.
CONCLUSION:
The study on vatha pandu carried out in the dissertation based on clinical history, as per clinical examination siddha guidelines which are necessary to arrive at precise diagnosis.
Vatha pandu is widely distributed in world. Vatha pandu affectes the all sexes including children. It is characterized by loss of appetite, abdominal pain, flatulence, dryness of skin, hyperpigmentation.
Vatha Pandu is diagnosed on detailed history, classical clinical examination of the siddha system and changes in eight fold diagnosis manikadainool, and uyirthathukkal.
In methodology study:
1. Vatha Pitha Naadi is present in most of cases.
2. Muhtothunittral (Kaba neer) is present in most of cases.
3. Manikadai is present in 8 – 8 ½ wrist circumference in most of cases.
4. Vatha thegai is noted in major cases.
How to we can Prevention Aneamia:
1. Eat well balanced diet,
2. Take blenty of greens highly iron content food,
3. Wash hands frequently,
4. Reduce life stress, fear,
5. Avoid betal nut chewer, smoking and Alcohol,
6. Take boiled water
Usahatani Padi Sawah (Oriza sativa, L) dengan Penerapan Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (PHT)
No full textPadi sawah (Oriza sativa L) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan yang menghasilkan sumber pangan pokok bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Keberhasilakn usaha peningkatan produksi padi sawah sangat bergantung pada daya dukung dan kemampuan petani sebagai pengelola usaha tani, antara lain menyediaan modal, tingkat pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang dimiliki petani serta luas kepemilikan lahan garapan yang dikelola petani. Kendala dalam peningkatan produksi tanaman padi antara lain serangan hama dan penyakit tanaman yang menyerang tanaman sejak dipersemaian sampai menjelang panen. serangan hama dan penyakit ini dapat mengurangi hasil produksi baik kalitas maupun kuantitas sampai mengakibatkan kegagalan panen. Oleh karena itu upaya pengendalian serangan hama dan penyakit perlu mendapat perhatian yang serius agar produksi dapat dipertahankan dan petani memperoleh keuntungan dalam mengelola usahanya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa usahatani dengan penerapan PHT mengeluarkan biaya total sebesar R. 5.276.930,60,- per hektar dan menghasilkan penerimaan Rp. 8.050.900,53,- per hentar , sehingga diperoleh keuntungan sebesar Rp. 2.773.969,93,- per hektar. Adapun tingkat efisiensi usahatani yang menerapkan PHT tingkat efisiensinya (RC) sebesar 1,53. Begitu pula dilihat dari kelayakan usahanya (renatabilitas) memperoleh 52,57 lebih tinggi dari bunga bank sebesar 6 persen per musim. Hal ini menunjukkan usahatani yang menerapkan PHT dalam usahanya layak untuk dikembangkan
Pengaruh Faktor Internal Petani dalam Mengadopsi Teknologi
No full textPemberdayaan petani merupakan hal yang sangat penting untuk meningkatkan hasil produksi dan kesejahteraan para petani. Penyuluhan pertanian sebagai pendidikan luar sekolah bagi petani dan keluarganya untuk meningkatkan keterampilan, pengetahuan, dan sikap mereka mempunyai peranan yang sangat strategis untuk menyukseskan pembangunan pertanian. Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut perlu dilakukan pembinaan terhadap para petani dan keluarganya untuk meningkatkan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan petani. Proses tersebut tidak terlepas dari peran penyuluh terutama menyangkut usaha membantu petani agar senantiasa meningkatkan efisiensi usahatani. Sedangkan bagi petani, penyuluhan adalah suatu kesempatan pendidikan di luar sekolah dimana mereka dapat belajar sambil berbuat (learning by doing). Penyuluhan pertanian merupakan sarana bagi petani untuk mengetahui inovasi yang dapat meningkatkan hasil produksi menjadi lebih baik. Menurut Soekarwati (1988) faktor-faktor internal yang mempengaruhi petani dalam memilih teknologi pertanian adalah umur petani, tingkat pendidikan formal, jumlah tanggungan keluarga petani, pengalaman berusahatani, modal usahatani, luas lahan usahatani, status kepemilikan lahan dan intensitas petani dalam mengikuti penyuluhan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa faktor internal tidak memiliki hubungan yang nyata dengan adopsi teknologi, dengan nilai koefisien korelasi sebedar 0,191 (korelasi sangat rendah) dan nilai t hitung 1,214 dengan nilai t tabel sebesar 1,684. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa simultan faktor internal petani tidak memiliki hubungan yang nyata dengan adopsi teknologi karena nilai korelasinya hanya 0,191 yang berarti tingkat korelasi sangat rendah
PELAYANAN PRIMA PETUGAS PANDU DI TERMINAL PETI KEMAS SEMARANG
No full textABSTRAKSI
M. Panji Krisna Azizi, 52155658, 2020, “Pelayanan Prima Petugas Pandu di
Terminal Peti Kemas Semarang”, Program Diploma IV, Nautika,
Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Semarang, Pembimbing 1 dan 2: Dr. Capt.
Suwiyadi, M.Pd., M.Mar. dan Poernomo Dwiatmojo, SH, MH.
Untuk mendukung kelancaran transportasi angkutan laut dalam pelayanan
kapal, maka dalam penulisan skripsi ini menguraikan tentang bagaimana,
“Pelayanan Prima Petugas Pandu di Terminal Peti Kemas Semarang”, dalam
pelayaran di Terminal Peti Kemas Semarang hadirnya pandu sangat berperan
penting. Hal ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelayanan prima petugas pandu,
mengetahui jumlah kapal yang dilayani petugas pandu, mengetahui kendala yang
dijumpai dalam pelayanan petugas pandu dan mengetahui upaya dalam mengatasi
kendala yang dijumpai petugas pandu di TPKS.
Penulisan ini berlandaskan teori-teori yang menjelaskan tentang judul
yang diangkat berkaitan dengan pemanduan sesuai tugas pokoknya dan UndangUndang
tentang
Pelayaran
khususnya
di
Terminal
Peti
Kemas
Semarang.
Disertai
pula
kerangka
berpikir
yang
mendasari
penulisan
skripsi.Metode
penelitian
yang
digunakan
oleh
penulis
di
dalam
menyampaikan
masalah
adalah
deskriptif
kualitatif
untuk
menggambarkan
dan
menguraikan
objek
yang
diteliti.
Berdasarkan
cara
memperolehnya,
data
yang
diperoleh
selama
penelitian
sebagai
pendukung
tersusunnya
penulisan
skripsi
ini
adalah
menggunakan
data
primer
dan
sekunder.
Dari penelitian didapatkan hasil bahwa pemanduan di Terminal Peti
Kemas Semarang: 1) Pelaksanaan pelayanan petugas pandu: a) Sesuai dengan
tugas pokoknya. b) prosedur pelayanan jasa pemanduan di Terminal Peti Kemas
Semarang. 2) Jumlah kapal yang mendapatkan pelayanan pemanduan. 3) Kendalakendala
yang
dalam
pelayanan
petugas
pandu.
4)
Upaya
untuk
mengatasi
kendala
dalam
pelaksanaan
pelayanan
petugas
pandu.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini
simpulan pada pelayanan petugas pandu, yaitu: a) Pelaksanaan pelayanan petugas
pandu sesuai tugas pokoknya. b) Jumlah kapal yang dilayani oleh petugas pandu
pada bulan Desember tahun 2019 sebanyak 76 kapal. c) Kendala kendala yang
terjadi adalah kecepatan angin, lebar alur yang sempit dan sering dijumpai
kendala mesin kapal. d) dari kendala tersebut dapat diatasi dengan pengawasan
pada alur, komunikasi dengan baik dan pelaksanaan pemanduan dibantu dengan
kapal tunda.
ABSTRACTION
M. Panji Krisna Azizi, 52155658, 2020, "Excellence Service of Pilot in
Container Terminal of Semarang ", Diploma IVProgram, Nautical
Department, Semarang Merchant Marine Polytechnic, Advisor I and 2: Dr.
Capt. Suwiyadi, M.Pd., M.Mar and Poernomo Dwiatmojo, SH, MH.
To carrying the good of shipping of sea transportation in ship serving so
for this my thesis describe about how “Excellence Service of Pilot in Container
Terminal of Semarang " . The contribution Container Terminal of Semarang, the
present of Pilot is very important. Its purpose to know the prime pilot's service, to
know the number of ships serviced by the pilots, to know the obstacles
encountered in the service of the pilots and to know of the efforts to overcome the
obstacles encountered by the pilots at TPKS.
This writting according theories that explain the purpose about the tittle
related to the Pilotage of its main assignment based to the laws about maritime
especially in Container Terminal of Semarang. Also included thinking framework
which based of writting the thesis. The research method used by the author in
solving problems is descriptive qualitative to describe and describe the object
being discussed. Based on how it was obtained, the data obtained during the study
as a support for the preparation of this research proposal using primary and
secondary data.
The research results obtained that pilotage on the Container Terminal of
Semarang : 1) The implementation of serving pilot : a) Based on main
assignment. b) Procedure costumer to get service of pilot 2) The number vessel of
served by Pilot 3) The obstacles which happen in serving pilot. 4) Efforts to
solving obstacle in pilot service. According to this research, conclusion in tugboat
service are a) The implementation of Service Pilot based on main assignment b)
The number of ship served by pilot on December 2019 are 76 ships. c) The
obstacles which happen in serving tugboat are the wind speed, the narrow channel
and also often meet the trouble engine of the vessel. d) From those obstacles can
be solving with the supervising to the channel the good communication and the
implementation of towing helped with tugboat
PERANCANGAN FIXTURE PADA PENGELASAN BODY ASSY ONE HAUL DI PT. UNITED TRACTORS PANDU ENGINEERING
No full textPT. United Tractors Pandu Engineering is a company specialized in the sector of industrial and construction, forestry and agro, oil and gas transport, attachments, Manufactur Original Equipment( OEM ) , and particularly in the mining sector.
One Haul is one of the new and superior products at PT . United Tractors Pandu Engineering . Body is one component of a unit of One Haul, speeding up the process of weld setting and maintaining the critical point of body, is required tools such as jig and fixture.
Because of that critical problem \"Perancangan Fixture Pada Pengelasan Body Assy One Haul di PT. United Tractors Pandu Engineering� is the title to be taken.
This final project explores on a Design Body Assy One Haul Fixture For Setting Process Welding Body of One Haul Unit. The design of this fixture begins with the analysis of the product follow by 2D to 3D shape design connecting process continued with jigs strength analysis, calculation of material requirements, machining processes, monitoring up to the fixture release and finally ready for use . The next conducted the trial against the fixture .
The author in this final project, calculate of the fixture strenght to withstand the whole load of products and included in the safe procedure. Also to be designed the construction of the fixture so as to maintain the critical point of the product and fixure practical which use by the operator .
The concludes of the construction of the fixture body assy according to the design and work according to its function was don
Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja Sektor Pertanian dan Korelasinya dengan Usia Petani di Jawa Barat
No full textThis study aims to determine the labor productivity of the West Java agricultural sector and its correlation with the age of the workforce. The research method is descriptive quantitative. The secondary data used in this study comes from the book State of the Labor Force Situation in Indonesia, 2013 to 2022 the results of the National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas) published by the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), and the book Jawa Barat in Figures from 2008 to 2023 published by BPS West Java Province. The results showed: a) growth in labor productivity in the agricultural sector during the 2012-2022 period from IDR 22.29 million per worker per year in 2012 to IDR 31.56 million per worker per year in 2022; b) the largest number of workers starting sequentially is the age group of 45-54 years, age 35-44 years, age ≥ 60 years, and age 25-34 years, while the age group 15-24 years and age 55-59 years much lower; c) there was a decrease in the number of workers in the agricultural sector, except for the 55-59 year old group which an increase during the 2006-2017 period; d) the results of the Pearson correlation analysis show that there is a negative and significant correlation between labor productivity in the agricultural sector and the workforce in the 15-24 year old group (-0.821), 25-34 year old (-0.921), 35-44 year old (-0.948) ), and age 45-54 years (-0.848), while the workforce age group 55-59 years and age ≥ 60 is not related
Perkembangan Nilai Tukar Petani (NTP) Jawa Barat dan Korelasinya dengan Tenaga Kerja, Inflasi, dan Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) Sektor Pertanian Jawa Barat
No full textThis research aims to identify the developments of Farmer Exchange Rate (FER) in the West Java Agricultural Sector in the period 2000-2022. This paper analyzes the extent of the correlation between Agricultural Sector Labor, the Inflation Rate variables, and the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of Agricultural Sector on the FER in the in West Java. The correlation identification between these variables was analyzed through Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation analysis based on West Java FER. The FER data is obtained from the Farmer Exchange Rate Statistics published by the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The research results show: a) There are variations in the FER value during the period 2005-2022 with an average of 103.99; b) The West Java Agricultural Sector Labor variable has a moderate positive linear correlation with West Java's FER; c) The West Java Agricultural Sector variable GRDP has weak negative linear correlation with West Java's FER; and d) The West Java inflation variable has a weak positive linear correlation with West Java's FER
Elastisitas Transmisi Harga Komoditas Buah Pepaya Di Kabupaten Indramayu Jawa Barat
No full textThis study aims to analyze the elasticity price transmission of papaya fruit at the farmer level (producer) and at the consumer level (retailer) in Indramayu Regency. Papaya is one of the fruits favored by the public because of its vitamin content, fresh taste, and low price. The price transmission elasticity (Et) analysis uses a simple regression between two prices, namely prices at the farm level and at the retailer level. The research data uses time series data on monthly papaya prices at the farmer level and at the consumer level in Indramayu Regency during the 2014-2020 period. The results of the analysis show that the price elasticity of papaya fruit in Indramayu Regency is inelastic (Et < 1). This shows that price changes at the farmer level are smaller than the price changes at the retail level. This means that farmers have not received good prices from traders
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