1,720,995 research outputs found
Competition, Rivalry And Innovative Behaviour
No full textThis paper is an empirical study of the importance of competition and rivalry in explaining innovative behaviour by software firms. The paper distinguishes between two notions of competition. One in which rivalry occurs due the possession of greater market power, and the other in which rivalry occurs due to diffennces in the abilities of firms. In addition the paper also decomposes changes in the extent of innovation due to the activities of firms that are innovators and due to changes in the probability of innovating. Competition always influences the extent of innovation by changing the propensity of firms to innovate.Determinants of innovation, Competition and innovation, Software industry, Tobit models,
AGGLOMERATION AND GROWTH: A STUDY OF THE CAMBRIDGE HI-TECH CLUSTER
Full text linkThis chapter is an empirical study of the growth and change in the Cambridge high technology cluster. Cambridge shows the paradoxical co- existence of vastly smaller scale outcomes but many qualitative similarities to Silicon Valley. Our main questions from the empirical enquiry in this chapter are broad: First, how has the Cambridge hi- technology cluster changed and grown overtime? Secondly, we are interested in what sorts of microeconomic factors explain these bigger changes. With an understanding of these two questions we draw some implications of the Cambridge story for our understanding of what kinds of agglomeration economies and externalities were important to the growth of the Cambridge cluster. The failure of Cambridge to globalise to the same degree as Silicon Valley, we argue, accounts for the dissimilarities in the two experiencesclustering and growth, cambridge hi-technology
The Determinants of Firm Innovative Behaviour: The Roles of Rivalry and Persistence
Full text linkThe overseas assets and liabilities of UK banks account for over 50% of the overseas assets and liabilities of all UK residents and almost 50% of UK banks' total assets and liabilities. They are much larger than the overseas assets of banks in other developed countries. This paper adopts an institutional, theoretical and empirical approach to explain the large size of these overseas assets. We find that over 80% of these assets and liabilities are accounted for by foreign-owned UK banks and their large size may be traced to the development of the Euro-currency markets in London in the late 1950s and 1960s. Although net overseas bank assets can, in principle, be explained, the gross assets are more problematic. The theoretical literature is quite limited and the most appropriate macroeconomic framework would be complex and difficult to apply. We therefore examine some simpler empirical hypotheses about the size of these assets and liabilities but find that they are rejected by the data. We conclude that while an institutional and theoretical approach reveals the nature of UK banks' overseas assets and liabilities and suggests some of their determinants, developing a satisfactory empirical model is quite difficult.UK banks, overseas assets and liabilities, foreign-owned, euro- currency markets.
On Markets in Knowledge
No full textTwo conditions must be met in order for specialised markets in knowledge to emerge: (i) The alienation of knowledge from its context which allows knowledge to become a commoditisable product that can be bought and sold and transferred thereafter to different uses. Property rights are sufficient to such alienation and commoditisation. (ii) The establishment of a reasonable volume of exchange transactions in that commodified knowledge, which in turn requires cross sectoral application and horizontal integration. Institutional structures facilitate the continuance of exchanges and are sufficient to the second condition. The second condition is more stringent than the first. Empirical evidence suggests that technological convergence may be the specific and important historical occurrence when markets in technological knowledge emerge. Technological convergence meant that there were areas where knowledge could be transferred across industries, and in that process of transference knowledge also became more generic and abstract. Copyright Kluwer Academic Publishers 1997Specialisation, vertical disintegration, market emergence, codified and tacit knowledge, technological convergence,
The Internationalization of Chinese and Indian Firms: Trends, Motivations and Strategy
No full textThe last two decades have seen significant internationalization of firms from developing economies, in terms of their greater participation in international trade, growing outflows of foreign direct investment (FDI), and a recent surge in their cross-border mergers and acquisition activity. Outward investment from developing countries is not a new phenomenon but in recent years there has been a marked increase in the magnitude of flows and a qualitative transformation in their pattern. Within this broad trend, the growing internationalization of firms from two fastgrowing developing countries, China and India, is particularly notable. Exports have been a central feature of the growth of the Chinese economy over the last three decades and, more recently, they have made a visible contribution to Indian growth too. Outward FDI from China and India has grown rapidly in recent years, and firms from these two countries are increasingly involved in overseas mergers and acquisitions.
Industry Associations and Technology-based Growth in India
No full textThe study of industry associations occupies an uneasy ground in development economics. There is much empirical work that shows that industry associations fulfil important developmental roles in developing countries, often compensating for inadequacies in the business environment. Yet their status as institutions capable of generating growth is compromised because of the rent-seeking behaviour they embody. We study two different technology-based industries, namely software services and biotechnology, both of which formed industry associations to influence government policy and to aid the growth of their member firms, paying attention to their motivations for setting up, detailing the policies they sought to influence and their success as organisations. L'�tude des associations d'industrie occupe une position difficile dans l'�conomie du d�veloppement. De nombreux travaux empiriques montrent que les associations d'industrie remplissent un r�le important dans les pays en d�veloppement o� elles compensent souvent un environnement des affaires inad�quat. Leur r�le en mati�re de d�veloppement et leur impact sur la croissance sont maintenant compromis en raison de comportements de rente. Nous �tudions deux industries technologiques, � savoir les services logiciels et les biotechnologies, qui ont toutes les deux cr�� des associations d'industrie afin d'influer sur les politiques gouvernementales et afin d'appuyer la croissance de leurs membres, en accordant de l'attention � leur motivations d'implantation, en pr�cisant les politiques qu'elles cherchent � influencer et les raisons de leurs succ�s en tant qu'organisation.
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