348 research outputs found
The Problem of Time from the Perspective of the Social Sciences
No full textThis article presents a critical review of ideas about time in modern societies & especially in the social sciences. Man in modern society perceives, reflects, & registers time in a series of contexts, whether this involves questions of thought, the physical body, nature, or society. Current studies that address the question of time in many cases do so through a comparison of archaic temporal awareness & modern temporal awareness, & attempt to describe when & how this historical shift came about. According to O. Rammstedt four distinct historical types of understanding time can be distinguished: (1) occasional awareness of time based on a distinction made between 'now' & 'not-now'; (2) cyclical awareness of time; (3) linear awareness of time with a closed future, & (4) linear awareness of time with an open future. In contemporary social sciences four main theoretical perspectives can be observed. The first one assumes that the basic principles of order are or should be considered as unchanging. These principles express themselves as invariants. In the 20th century we can find them in structural linguistics, & in social sciences with a structuralist orientation. The second approach resembles the previous one in that it also considers the existence of unchanging principles of order. However, it differs through the assumption that these principles reveal themselves in time. The third approach can be considered de facto a sort of special degree of the second, ie, closed historical concept. Unlike the teleological character of the latter, however, it considers human intervention as a necessary condition for the achievement of a future aim. The fourth concept is founded on the idea that the basic principles of order can be revealed only in time. Unlike the second, however, it does not consider the main organizing principles to be unchanging, but rather concludes that in each contemporary period they are open to change. This fourth approach, which can be described as 'temporalized sociology' & which is expressed in works of such authors as G. H. Mead, A. Schutz, N. Elias, N. Luhmann, or A. Giddens, stresses a relatively open future, emergence, novelty, & the concept of discontinuity. In the opinion of the author of this study another concept should be added to our understanding of time: ie, 'irreversibility.' It is a feature of those systems that are far from being balanced & in which, in order to be able to predict future states, it is not enough to know the laws & the initial conditions
The Theory of Towns
No full textExtract of the book Theory of Towns by Jiri Hruza. Publisher: Czechoslovac Academy of Sciences, Prague, 1965.Citations of sources, conclusions, or opinions expressed in this
publication are the responsibility of the author and do not reflect
the policies or views of staff or others affiliated with the
Institute for Policy Studies or Johns Hopkins University
1.Jiri Barta - author's profile and work interpretation 2.The Kingdom of Cutlery
No full textBakalářská práce se zaměřuje na současného předního českého tvůrce animovaných filmů Jiřího Bartu. V teoretické části shrnuje život a dílo Jiřího Barty, jeho filmografii a získaná ocenění. V praktické části se věnuje podrobnému rozboru jednotlivých snímků. Jde o krát-ké animované filmy i celovečerní projekty realizované režisérem od ukončení studia do současnosti.My Bacherol Work focuses on contemporary prominent Czech author of animated films Jiri Barta. At the theoretical part summarizes Jiri Barta's life and work, his filmography and acquired awards. At the practical part engages in constiuent film analysis. Among his films belong short animated films and also featured films which the director realized from early 70's to this day.Vyšší odborná škola filmová Zlínobhájen
Social Time, Fact or Fiction? Several Considerations on the Topic
No full textAbstract In 1937 P. A. Sorokin, together with R. K. Merton, published an essay entitled Social Time: A Methodological and Functional Analysis, in the American Journal of Sociology. They noted that most social scientists share in a silent assumption about the use of the astronomical concept of evenly flowing, quantitative time, and maintained that the astronomical concept of time has a number of shortcomings when applied in the social sphere, so they tried to promote the concept of "social time" as a methodological tool, to lead to a deeper understanding of social periodicity. Since then, the concept of social time has become settled in sociology and social sciences and been the subject of various reflections. This paper examines the problems associated with its use
Czech Social Reform/Non-reform: Routes, Actors and Problems
No full textIn this contribution, the author first considers the characteristics of the Czechoslovak communist welfare state and its theoretical alternatives. Throughout the reform process, dependency on both corporatist and socialist regimes won out, while residualist efforts were promoted in the beginning, but were later held back. The author then considers the possible actors involved in social reforms. In this respect, when proceeding from a general to a more concrete level, thought should first be devoted to the social classes and their ideologies, and second to political parties and their leaders. The author goes on to summarise the particular problems and traps in individual sections of the Czech social system. While no objection to decent standards of social protection and health care could be raised, the poor efficiency of their achievement should evoke concern. The author concludes by reflecting on the possible specificities of Czech social reform in comparison with the other countries undergoing reform and the EU. The current lethargy of the Czech welfare system corresponds to a “frozen edifice”, just as in most Western countries. However, such stagnation is apparently acceptable to both the politicians (who mask it in reformist rhetoric) and the population (which learned to master taking advantage of the generous welfare state) and thus is basically sustainable in the long run.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/40037/3/wp651.pd
On the issue of learning of social science in the system of contemporary education of technicians
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