23 research outputs found
A Study on Kovai Kizhangu Choornam (Coccinia Grandis Linn) for Neerizhivu and A Study on Shanmuga Mezhugu for Azhal Keel Vayu
Get PDFPart I - A STUDY ON KOVAI KIZHANGU CHOORNAM (Coccinia grandis Linn)
for NEERIZHIVU - INTRODUCTION : The condition neerizhivu due to vitiation of kapa humour and is followed by pitham and vatha derangement. Consequently the seven udal thathus also gets affected and the patient becomes terminally ill. Since early times, herbs have been used for healing purposes and maintaining good health. In treating the disease Neerizhivu large number of herbs, mineral etc have been successfully tested in laboratory. The drug Kovai Kizhangu Choornam indicated for Neerizhivu in Siddha literatures. In this dissertation the author has to evaluate the Antidiabetic activity of Kovai Kizhangu Choornam. AIM AND OBJECTIVE :
AIM:
The aim of the dissertation is to evaluate the efficacy of Kovai Kizhangu
Choornam for Neerizhivu (Diabetes mellitus).
OBJECTIVE:
Neerizhivu is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia,
glycosuria, pruritis vulva, balanitis, weight loss and nonspecific malaise. It is a disease
causing serious and long term complications. There is no permanent remedy for
neerizhivu in conventional medicine. The people are searching for an uncomplicated and
managing therapy for neerizhivu.
Since, no analysis has been made so far in Kovai Kizhangu Choornam for the
disease Neerizhivu. So, the author has selected the drug to prove its efficacy on the same.
The efficacy of Kovai Kizhangu Choornam has been evaluated in following
aspects:
• Collection of literary evidences in Siddha and botanical aspects.
• Biochemical analysis,
• Pharmacological study,
• Clinical assessment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS :
To evaluate the efficacy of “Kovai Kizhangu Choornam” for “Neerizhivu”
(Diabetes Mellitus) has been selected as per siddha literature, Gunapadam Mooligai
vaguppu.
Collection of the drug:
Fresh tubers of kovai were collected from Sholinghur. Its botanical identity was
authenticated by botany professor of National Institute of Siddha.
Preparation of the test drug:
The collected tubers were cleaned with water and dried in shade. Then it is made
into fine powder. It was filtered by a white cloth (Vasthirakayam).
Intended therapeutic use:
Kovai Kizhangu Choornam in the dose of 1 g t.i.d with luke warm water is given
for Neerizhivu before meals. CONCLUSION :
The drug Kovai Kizhangu Choornam has been selected for the study to establish
its efficacy in the management of Neerizhivu as an important aspect of this dissertation
work.
The review of siddha literature about the drug describes the antidiabetic activity
of the drug. Information about the drug from various literatures was also referred.
Bio-chemical analysis of the drug reveals the presence of minerals namely
Magnesium, Zinc, Copper, Selenium and Calcium.
Pharmacological studies showed that the drug has got significant anti diabetic
property at the dose of 400 mg/kg and no significant adverse effects.
From the clinical assessment, it is inferred that the drug has marked response in
Neerizhivu without any significant adverse effects.
This is concluded that the drug Kovai Kizhangu Choornam has got significant anti
diabetic activity, effective in Neerizhivu without causing any adverse effects.
Part II - A STUDY ON SHANMUGA MEZHUGU for Azhal Keel Vayu - INTRODUCTION :
The drug Shanmuga Mezhugu has been mentioned in siddha literatures to be
effective in the treatment of Azhal Keel Vayu. Shanmuga Mezhugu contains Veeram,
Pooram and Lingam as its main ingredients and these three has the property of
neutralizing the Vatha humour and subsequently the Pitha humour. So, in this
dissertation the author has to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic of
Shanmuga Mezhugu.
AIM AND OBJECTIVE ;
Aim:
The aim of the dissertation is to evaluate the efficacy of Shanmuga Mezhugu for
Azhal Keel Vayu.
Objective:
Azhal Keel Vayu is the most common joint disease of human and leading cause of
disability in elderly and it has become a challenging problem to find out a permanent
solution for this disease. Even though many anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic
drugs are there in conventional medicine, they are only time being and have side effects.
This urged the author to find a safe and easily available drug, which is not having any
adverse effects.
Since, no analysis has been made so far in Shanmuga Mezhugu for the disease
Azhal Keel Vayu. So, the author has selected the drug to prove its efficacy on the same.
The efficacy of Shanmuga Mezhugu has been evaluated in following aspects:
• Collection of literary evidences in Siddha aspect.
• Gunapadam aspect,
• Botanical aspect,
• Biochemical analysis,
• Pharmacological analysis,
• Clinical assessment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Preparation of the drug:
To evaluate the efficacy of “Shanmuga Mezhugu” for “Azhal Keel Vayu”
(Osteo Arthritis) has been selected as per siddha literature, Anupoga Vaithya
Navaneetham by Abdullah sayabu.
The Ingredients of Shanmuga Mezhugu are,
Veeram, Pooram,
Lingam,
Chukku,
Elarisi,
Kirambu,
Thaen.
Collection of Drugs:
The raw drugs like veeram, pooram, lingam, chukku, elarisi, kirambu and thaen
were collected from the indigenous drug shop, Chennai.
METHOD OF PREPARATION:
INGREDIENTS:
Veeram - 105g,
Pooram - 105g,
Lingam - 105g,
Chukku - 315g,
Elarisi - 315g,
Kirambu - 315g,
Thaen - 1260g.
Purification of the drugs:
Purification of Lingam:
Equal quantities of lemon juice, cow’s milk and Acalypha juice were mixed
thoroughly. Lingam was kept in a mud vessel and heated. The above prepared juice was poured
into the Lingam little by little until the entire juice finished off.
Purification of Veeram:
Camphor was mixed with tendor coconut and put in a mud vessel. Veeram
enclosed in a thin cloth was made hanging inside the vessel above the liquid level without
touching it. Then the vessel heated for half an hour.
Purification of Pooram:
Equal parts of betle leaves (Kammaru vetrilai) and pepper were made into a paste
by grinding with some water. Then the paste was mixed with more water and poured into a mud
vessel. Pooram enclosed in a thin cloth was made hanging inside the vessel and was kept
immersed in the liquid level fully. Then the vessel was heated gently until the liquid inside the
vessel reduced into one fourth of its original quantity. Then the Pooram taken out and washed in
water, then kept in sun for drying.
Purification of Chukku:
To purify Chukku the outer skin of it was peeled off by using a knife.
CONCLUSION :
The drug Shanmuga mezhugu has been selected for the study to establish its
efficacy in the management of Azhal Keel Vayu as an important aspect of this dissertation
work.
The review of siddha literature about the drug describes the Anti-inflammatory,
Antipyretic and analgesic activity of the drug. Information about the drug from various
literatures was also referred.
Bio-chemical analysis of the drug reveals the presence of minerals namely
calcium, copper, zinc, iron, manganese, mercury, magnesium and reducing sugar.
The acute toxicity study shows that the drug is safe and no significant adverse
effects up to dose level of 4000mg/kg.
Pharmacological studies showed that the drug has got significant analgesic, antiinflammatory
and antipyretic properties at the dose of 400 mg/kg and no significant
adverse effects.
From the clinical assessment, it is inferred that the drug has marked response in
Azhal Keel Vayu without any significant adverse effects.
This is concluded that the drug Shanmuga mezhugu has got significant Analgesic,
anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity, effective in Azhal Keel Vayu without causing
any adverse effects
Distributed spectrum coordination for multi-radio platform co-existence: an experimental study on the orbit testbed
No full textThis thesis presents an experimental investigation of algorithms for protocol-assisted spectrum coordination of multi-radio platforms in a dense radio environment. With increasing proliferation of new wireless technologies and radio standards such as 802.11b/g, Bluetooth, Zigbee, UWB, WiMax etc, multi-radio devices such as laptop computers, cell phones and PDA's will need to co-exist in shared unlicensed frequency bands.
The common spectrum coordination channel (CSCC) protocol has previously been proposed as a method for nearby devices to exchange spectrum usage and traffic information necessary to execute decentralized co-existence algorithms. This work focuses on the application of CSCC to dense deployments of multi-radio platforms with both 802.11 WLAN and Bluetooth in a typical office/SOHO type environment. Distributed spectrum coordination algorithms listen to these CSCC announcements from radios within range, and back off their transmission parameters to avoid contributing excessive interference. We have developed a set of distributed coordination algorithms, with the objective of achieving efficient co-existence between interfering radios while maintaining acceptable QOS (Quality of Service) at every node.
Specific coordination algorithms considered include Bluetooth defer-transfer (Bo), Simple Source Rate adaptation (Rt), distance based SIR link budget rate adaptation (SIR-BT). Each of these algorithms is defined and evaluated using dual-radio nodes on the 400-node ORBIT radio grid. System performance parameters obtained from the experiments are throughput, file transmission delay (for TCP) and quality of data/audio/video streams (for UDP).
Experimental results are given for a number of device densities and topologies. Significant degradation in throughput and application performance is observed without spectrum coordination. The proposed CSCC-based coordination algorithms are shown to provide significant performance gains, both in terms of system throughput and application level parameters. Overall, for the scenarios considered, the proposed coordination algorithms provide ~50-100% improvement in system throughput when compared to the case with no coordination.M.S.Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-38)
Nearly 20+ compounds in Neem leaves extract exhibit high binding affinity with some of them as high as -14.3 kcal/mol against COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro) : A Molecular Docking Study
No full textCurrently the new disease "COVID-19", caused by SARS-CoV-2, has infected nearly 3 million patients and nearly 200,000+ people have lost their lives due to this pandemic. There is an urgent need to find an antiviral agent that may slow down the spread of the virus. The aim of this study is to assess and evaluate compounds present in leaves of Neem tree (Azadirachta Indica) as potential inhibitors for COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro) (PDB code: 6LU7). This will be done by blind molecular docking using PyRx and Auto Vina software. The compounds Hydroxychloroquine and Remdesivir were used for comparative study. The binding energies obtained from the docking of 6LU7 with Meliacinanhydride, IsoNimocinolide, Nimocino, 22, 23-dihydronimocinol, Nimonol, isomeldenin, zafaral, nimbandiol, Nimbin, Nimbanal, Nimbinene, Desacetylnimbin, Azadirachtin D, Azadirachtin B, Azadirachtin I, Azadirachtin A,2-tert-Butyl-1,3-diphenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindole, 3-Deacetylsalannin, Azadirachtin H,2′,3′-dehydrosalannol, Salannin (Azadriactin) were -14.3, -12.9, -12.3, -12.2, -12.2, -12.2, -12, -11.9, -11.8, -11.7, -11.7, -11.7, -11.4, -11.1,-10.8,-10.7,-10.6,-10.6,-10.6,-10.5,-10.2,-9.8 kcal/mol respectively. Therefore Meliacinanhydride (Ki=33.36 pM) and the compounds from Neem leaves may be a potential preventive treatment option against COVID-19. In addition to that the leaves contain others compounds like Quercetin, Zinc,Vitamin A,Vitamin B1,B2,B6, Vitamin C,Vitamin E etc., which may boost immunity also (Garba, 2019) .Further investigation is needed to evaluate the results of this study to consider Neem leaves as potential preventive treatment option as it might inhibit the virus and boost immunity also, thereby slowing the spread of COVID-19
Some FDA Approved drugs exhibit binding affinity as high as -16.0 kcal/mol against COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro): A Molecular Docking Study
No full textCurrently the new Coronavirus "COVID-19", also known as SARS-CoV-2, has infected nearly 3 million patients and nearly 200,000+ people have lost their lives due to this pandemic. There is an urgent need to find an antiviral agent that may slow down the spread of the virus. The aim of this study is to assess and evaluate some FDA Approved drugs as potential inhibitors for COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro) (PDB code: 6LU7). This will be done by blind molecular docking using PyRx and Auto Vina software. The compounds Hydroxychloroquine and Remdesivir were used for comparative study. The binding energies obtained from the docking of 6LU7 with Midostaurin, Zafirlukast, Eluxadoline, Naldemedine, Netupitant, Pancuronium, Letermovir, Baloxavir marboxil, Tazemetostat, Telotristat ethyl, Zeaxanthin, Lutein, Deserpidine, Cefotetan, Procaine benzylpenicillin were -16, 15.6, -15.3, -15.2, -15.1, -14.8, -14.6, -14.5, -13.8, -13.2, -13.2, -12.4, -12.4 and -11.2 kcal/mol respectively . Therefore some of the drugs can be used in Clinical trials as they are purified compounds of known composition and among all of them are approved drugs,some of them are investigative drugs except Pancuronium. All these drugs should be evaluated for further use by conducting in vitro tests and if they are successful they should evaluated for further use in clinical trials against COVID-19 as they are readily available in the market
Bipolar ferroelectric fatigue in (K0.5Na0.5)(Nb0.7Ta0.3)O3 ceramics and improved fatigue endurance on addition of ZnO
No full textTLR-9 Expression in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells induced with Lipopolysaccharide
Get PDFThe study conducted here was to investigate the gene and protein expression of Toll like receptor 9 when human bronchial epithelial cells were induced by lipopolysaccharide. TLRs are pattern recognition receptor (PRR) which plays a key role in innate immunity. They recognise the molecules that are shared by pathogens but distinguishes from the host which is referred to as pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The HBECs were first cultured and once it becomes confluent they were induced with 10ng/ml of LPS. In order to find out whether the gene was expressed in the cells, the RNA was isolated and RT-PCR was carried out. Before carrying out the RT-PCR, RNA gel electrophoresis was carried out to show the 28S and 18S bands. Once the gene expression was analysed protein expression was carried out by extracting the protein using RIPA buffer and running the SDS-PAGE followed by staining. Silver staining and western blotting results revealed clear bands at 116kDa illustrating that the TLR9 protein had been expressed. RT-PCR results showed that a smear of bands for TLR9 and the in protein expression bands were seen in TLR9 protein region which indicates that TLR9 was expressed in the HBEC by LPS
Magnetic resonance image guidance in external beam radiation therapy planning and delivery
No full textA Study on Udhira Vatha Suronitham
Get PDFThe author has selected the disease“UDHIRA VATHA SURONITHAM” for the dissertation subject, because it presents a major challenge to the clinical judgement.
The chronicity, variability, tendency to exacerbate, unknown pathogenesis, variable response to specific treatment and myriad effects upon the patient’s life style, family relationship, self image and employability combine to complicate the therapeutic equation.
The inscriptions mentioned in the siddha literatures about this disease and therapeutics impressed the author and made her to correlate the disease with “RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS” as mentioned in modern medicine.
The diagnosis of disease was done by using siddha parameters like Mukkutra Verupadugal, Envagai Thervugal, Kaalam, Thinai and Modern Parameters. 20 In-Patients and 20 Out-Patients of both sexes were selected for the study and the trial drug, “KIRUBAGARA SHANMUGA CHENDURAM” was administered at a dose of 130mg with Chukku, Milagu, Omam Choornam and Murungaipattai Chaaru as vehicle which would effect a speedy recovery, (Ref: Pathartha Guna Vilakkam – Thathu Seeva Vaguppu Page No.55) with the external
application of Oil, Vathathirkku Poosa Nochi Ennei (Ref: Vaithiya Thirattu, Page No.4)
The trial drugs were subjected to Biochemical and Pharmacological analysis. Further Acute Toxicity study has been done to rule out any untoward effects.
After the administration of drug with dietic restrictions, majority of cases showed good clinical improvement with speedy recovery
Anti-poverty Policy: Screening for Eligibility Using Village-level Evidence
Get PDFIn the context of targeting of state transfers based on income poverty lines, this study is concerned with the identification of households that may have been wrongly included in the target group. To this end, we investigate the relationship between self-declared private income and some 478 household variables obtained in a village level survey. We use class probability tree analysis which is a non-parametric multivariate method. Relationships are expressed as easily interpretable rules that give combinations of the important features that characterise the 'poor' households (income declared below the income poverty line) and the 'non-poor' (income declared above the income poverty line), rather than as mathematical equations as in previous regression based analyses. Approximately 20% of the households that declared income so as to be classified 'poor' were found to have feature combinations which were similar to those characterising 'non-poor' households. These cases would thus be worthy of further investigation for distortion of income, before being considered eligible for any transfers.
Multi‐isocentric 4 <i>π</i> volumetric‐modulated arc therapy approach for head and neck cancer
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