67 research outputs found
Seaweed minerals: unlocking functional food potential from an Indian perspective
No full textAbstract Minerals and trace elements are thought to be necessary for human nutrition, and seaweeds are well known for their accumulation capacity and the rate may vary based on the locations. Green seaweeds are recognized for their iron and magnesium content, whilst brown and red seaweeds prefer to accumulate manganese, iodine, sodium, potassium, and zinc. These properties provide significant opportunities for the functional food development industry to create new ingredients and generate employment. Additionally, certain seaweeds are considered as potential candidates for addressing the iodine deficiency through regular consumption, thus seaweeds hold great potential as functional foods. This review examines the role of minerals in seaweed farming followed by their impact on seaweed growth and nutritional value, the health benefits of mineral-enriched seaweed, and its market potential as a functional food. It also discusses about the limitations, challenges, pathways for popularization, and future opportunities for seaweed as a functional food. Author name: Please confirm if the author names are presented accurately and in the correct sequence (given name, middle name/initial, family name). Author 1 Given name: [S. Shek Mohamed] Last name [Ibrahim]. Author 2 Given name: [R. Suhail] Last name [Haq]. Author 3 Given name: [S. Dinesh] Last name [Kumar]. Also, kindly confirm the details in the metadata are correct. The author's given name modified accordingly. Graphical Abstrac
Shape dynamics of anisotropic lipid vesicles using automated flow control
No full textOpen Restriction set for Item 121041 on 2022-01-25T16:14:39Z with date null by [email protected] Restriction set for Item 121041 on 2022-01-25T16:14:43Z with date null by [email protected] Restriction set for Item 121041 on 2022-01-25T16:14:47Z with date null by [email protected] Restriction set for Item 121041 on 2022-01-25T16:14:49Z with date null by [email protected] unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) composed of lipid bilayer membranes have emerged as a biomimetic substitute for investigating the non-equilibrium flow properties of biological cells. Moreover, vesicle suspensions are increasingly being used for advanced triggered release and drug delivery applications in functional materials. Prior work on vesicle dynamics in flow have largely focused on nearly-spherical membrane shapes in the low deformation regime. Departures from nearly spherical shape in cells and organelles are pervasive in biology. From the dynamic tubular shape of mitochondrial membranes to the biconcave shape of human red blood cell, membrane conformations reflect a major shift in emphasis from weakly deformed nearly-spherical shapes to strongly deformed highly anisotropic shapes. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of out-of-equilibrium dynamics of biological cells in flow, and stability of vesicle suspensions for functional material design, ultimately relies on incorporating the impact of membrane shape anisotropy on vesicle mechanics. Despite recent progress, there is a lack of fundamental understanding of how membrane shape anisotropy affects the non-equilibrium stretching dynamics of vesicles in strong flows.
In this thesis, we focus on investigating the dynamics of lipid vesicles across a wide variety of reduced volume (shape anisotropy), viscosity ratio and flow-strength using a combination of fluorescence microscopy and automated flow control under highly nonequilibrium conditions. In this way, we aim to address several fundamental questions such as (i) How do anisotropic vesicles deform and change their conformations in flow, (ii) How do vesicles deform in a time-dependent, large amplitude oscillatory extensional flow ? (iii) How do tubular and biconcave vesicles stretch and relax in strong flows ? and (iv) What is the impact of reduced volume on membrane material properties such as bending modulus and surface tension ? Importantly, answers to these question will provide a mechanistic understanding of the influence of reduced volume on vesicle shape dynamics in strong flows. In the first project, we directly observed the non-equilibrium dumbbell conformations of vesicles as a function of reduced volume, dimensionless flow strength (capillary number), and viscosity contrast using automated flow control. Moreover, we precisely characterized the flow-phase diagram of vesicle shape conformational change to dumbbell shapes in reduced volume-capillary number space.
While the vast majority of single vesicle studies on nearly spherical shapes has exclusively focused on steady linear flows, there is a clear need to implement more complicated time-dependent flow fields to reveal the membrane shape dynamics in oscillatory flow. In the second project, we studied the dynamics of nearly spherical and tubular vesicles under large amplitude oscillatory extension (LAOE) using automated flow control. By combining microfluidic experiments with boundary integral simulations, we uncovered three dynamical regimes of vesicle transient stretching dynamics in LAOE flow. In the third project, we directly observed the relaxation dynamics of highly deformed dumbell shaped vesicles back to their equilibrium morphology, and our results show that membrane relaxation is governed by a double-mode exponential decay, revealing two characteristic time scales: a short time scale corresponding to long-wavelength bending relaxation and a long-time scale governed by the membrane tension. Moving forward, we characterize the non-equilibrium stretching dynamics of vesicles, including transient and steady-state dynamics in extensional flow. Steady state stretching data is analyzed in the context of a membrane mechanical model in order to determine the bending modulus and membrane tension of vesicles as a function of reduced volume. Unexpectedly, our results show that bending modulus is a strong function of reduced volume, and is independent of the viscosity ratio.
In the fifth project, we demonstrated robust control over the two-dimensional center-of-mass position and orientation of anisotropic Brownian particles using only fluid flow. Moreover, we implement a path-following model predictive control scheme to manipulate colloidal particles over defined trajectories in position space, where the speed of movement along the path is a degree of freedom in the controller design. We further explored how the external flow field affects the orientation dynamics of anisotropic particles in steady and transient extensional flow using a combination of experiments and analytical modeling. Overall, this thesis aims to provide a fundamental understanding of the effect of reduced volume, flow strength, viscosity ratio and flow type on vesicle membrane dynamics in flow. On a broader perspective, this dissertation develops a systematic understanding of membrane conformations and vesicle dynamics under flowing conditions with a combination of experiments, simulations and modeling which will provide insights for answering key questions related to material processing with improved functionalities.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2023-08-01The student, - Dinesh Kumar, accepted the attached license on 2021-05-18 at 14:24.The student, - Dinesh Kumar, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2021-05-18 at 14:25.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2021-06-08 at 08:45.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #16650 on 2022-01-12 at 12:51:34Made available in DSpace on 2022-01-12T22:34:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2021-06-08Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 121041
Lift date: 2024-01-12T22:35:30Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD syste
Fabrication of PbS quantum dots and their applications in solar cells based on ZnO nanorod arrays
No full textSynthesis and structural studies on cerium substituted La0.4Ca0.6MnO3 as solid oxide fuel cell electrode material
No full textSynthesis, structural and optical properties of (ALa)(FeMn)O6 (A = Ba and Sr) double perovskites
No full textCrystallite size effect on lattice strain and crystal structure of Ba1/4Sr3/4MnO3 layered perovskite manganite
No full textA unique conversion approach clubbed with a new ranking technique to optimize fuzzy transportation cost
No full textThe Sw-5b NLR Immune Receptor Induces Early Transcriptional Changes in Response to Thrips and Mechanical Modes of Inoculation of Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus
No full textThe NLR (nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat) class immune receptor Sw-5b confers resistance to Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV). Although Sw-5b is known to activate immunity upon recognition of the TSWV movement protein NSm, we know very little about the downstream events that lead to resistance. Here, we investigated the Sw-5b–mediated early transcriptomic changes that occur in response to mechanical and thrips-mediated inoculation of TSWV, using near-isogenic tomato lines CNPH-LAM 147 (Sw5b+/+) and Santa Clara (Sw-5b−/−). We observed earlier Sw-5b–mediated transcriptional changes in response to thrips-mediated inoculation compared with that in response to mechanical inoculation of TSWV. With thrips-mediated inoculation, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed at 12, 24, and 72 h postinoculation (hpi). Whereas with mechanical inoculation, DEGs were observed only at 72 hpi. Although some DEGs were shared between the two methods of inoculation, many DEGs were specific to either thrips-mediated or mechanical inoculation of TSWV. In response to thrips-mediated inoculation, an NLR immune receptor, cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase, G-type lectin S-receptor-like kinases, the ethylene response factor 1, and the calmodulin-binding protein 60 were induced. Fatty acid desaturase 2-9, cell death genes, DCL2b, RIPK/PBL14-like, ERF017, and WRKY75 were differentially expressed in response to mechanical inoculation. Our findings reveal Sw-5b responses specific to the method of TSWV inoculation. Although TSWV is transmitted in nature primarily by the thrips, Sw-5b responses to thrips inoculation have not been previously studied. Therefore, the DEGs we have identified in response to thrips-mediated inoculation provide a new foundation for understanding the mechanistic roles of these genes in the Sw-5b–mediated resistance. [Graphic: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license
Bipolar resistive switching in graphene oxide based metal insulator metal structure for non-volatile memory applications
No full textEffect of grain size on structural and dielectric properties of barium titanate piezoceramics synthesized by high energy ball milling
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