1,721,029 research outputs found
Multiple antibiotics loaded starch nanoparticles: a strategy to prevent wide range bacteria
No full textAccess is limited to UniMAP community.This report discuss about the antimicrobial study of pathogenic bacteria by the disinfection using antibiotic loaded starch nanoparticle. The soluble form of starch nanoparticle is used to be an advantage to encapsulate the antibiotics. The antibiotics used in this study include amphicilin, tetracycline, penicillin and streptomycin. These encapsulated antibiotics were
introduced to different types of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and
Streptococcus pyogenes) to study their inhibitory effect. The encapsulation of the antibiotic
in starch nanoparticle was intended to be used as broad spectrum against pathogenic
organisms. The preparation of starch loaded antibiotic was carried out using microemulsion
nanoprecipitation methods which do not require extreme conditions, sophisticated
equipment, and hazardous reagents. The starch is dissolved in alkaline urea solution and
precipitated in ethanolic emulsion system which yields smaller sized nanoparticles with
higher surface area thus increase the efficiency of low water soluble drug molecules
loading. The nanoparticles obtained are not vulnerable to clumping. The morphological
assessment of the starch nanoparticles was characterized by using Scanning Electron
Microscope (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The antimicrobial study was
done using disk diffusion test with different concentration of starch nanoparticles loaded
with antibiotics. The encapsulation of multiple antibiotics and their inhibition is an
indicator to study the efficacy of the starch nanoparticles. This study in an indicator to
improve the effectiveness of drugs capability and produced by cheap source of material that
brought large impact
Analysis on inhibition mechanism of human blood clotting factor-IX by protein from snake venom
No full textAccess is limited to UniMAP community.Blood clotting system played vital roles in preventing excessive bleeding when there
was an injury of blood vessel. However, excessive coagulation would lead to some
disease, which comprises of strokes, heart attacks and pulmonary embolism. Therefore,
the vital roles of anticoagulant could not be ignored in preventing excessive coagulation.
This study was undertaken to investigate the molecular interaction to find potential
anticoagulant. Besides, this study was carried to evaluate binding events between
factor-IX and factor-IX-bp from snake venom, test binding of factor-IX protein in
human serum with factor-IX-bp and determine binding abilities of other clotting factors
from human blood clotting cascade. The study proved that there was interaction
between factor-IX and factor-IX-bp. The optimal concentration of NaCl for aggregation
was 250 mM and the optimal size of GNP used was 30 nm. Furthermore, the
concentration of 5800 nM of factor-IX was proved to be optimum for aggregation of
GNP and at least 100 nM of factor-IX-bp was needed to remove factor-IX from the
surface of GNP. In addition, higher concentration of factor-IX-bp was needed to absorb
factor-IX from GNP in the presence of serum. Aptamer, was also proved that it could
bind to targeted protein (factor-IX) more efficiency as compared to factor-IX-bp.
Thrombin was proved that it could not interact with factor-IX and it could not be used
as a substitute of factor-IX-bp in the anticoagulation system
Horizontal gene transfer: generating antibiotic resistant bacteria
No full textAccess is limited to UniMAP community.This study aspires to understand gene mobility and its benefits. The process of gene mobility is known as horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in which the HGT consist of three different modes acknowledged as transduction, transformation and conjugation. The obvious
benefit from HGT is that gene can be obtained from different progenies that deviates from
Darwinian Theory of gene tree. Therefore, this study focuses on conjugation since the event
of gene transfer to follow conjugation is more likely to occur in nature. Conjugation is a
simple natural occurrence where cell-to-cell contact takes place for gene transfer. The gene
sequence that is analyzed in this study is antimicrobial resistant gene responsible for
tetracycline resistant. Antimicrobial susceptibility test is determined to be the standard gold
test compared to analytical colony polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. There are two
methods used for conjugation experiment which are plate and broth mating. The analysis of
conjugation follows statistical analysis where events of probability across time intervals is
tabulated in table of spectroscopy value with highest value at 0.4321. Hence, using
hypothesis testing, broth mating is accredited to be better that plate mating as a claim at 95%
confidence interval that gives value of Z normal test at 4.4923
Conjugation of polymer with gold nanoparticles to mediate high performance non-fouling tuberculosis sensing
No full textAccess is limited to UniMAP community.This research encompasses the polymer conjugated gold nanoparticles (GNP) in
mediating non-biofouling detection of 16 kDa antigen of tuberculosis. Polymer
conjugated GNP is highly regarded because of the extensive proof of their unique
properties of biological inertness and low levels of cytotoxicity. This enables the
inhibition of biofouling in biosensors which is an occurrence that takes place as cellular
and protein like biological elements accumulate on the detection surface and leads to an
inaccurate biosensor output. Densely packed repeating chains of polymers such as
polyethylene glycol (PEG) are capable of decreasing non-specific reactions of proteins.
Among the applications of polymer conjugated GNPs in the field of biomedicine are as
delivery agents, cancer therapeutic functions and in imaging functions. The fabrication
of a 16 kDa antibody immobilized nanogap chip that simulates a biosensor mechanism
involves a number of studies including the parametric effects such as type of gold GNP,
type of PEG, concentration of PEG, concentration of Aminopropyltriethoxysilane
(APTES) and 16 kDa antibody. GNP was chosen in comparison to gold nanorods due to
a higher sensitivity and minimum reagent requirements. Polyethylene Glycol bpoly(
acrylic acid) of concentration 1 mg/mL was also proven to be optimum for
conjugation with GNP. Subsequently, the highest sensitivity was exhibited by nanogap
chip with 2% APTES and 200 nM 16 kDa antigen. The success of PEG conjugated GNP
is proved by the improved sensitivity in impedance reading of PEG conjugated GNP
nanogap chip by picoammeter analyses as compared to the 16 kDa antigen detection by
the sensor without the presence of PEGylated GNP
Keratinolytic potential of stains isolated from feather – dumping site
No full textAccess is limited to UniMAP community.Keratin is insoluble macromolecule, comprised of long polypeptide chains that are mainly
found in hair, wool, nail, horns and feathers which its stability depends on the adjacent
chains linked by disulphide bonds. Several bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes are
microorganisms which associate to the secretion of keratinolytic enyzmes called keratinases that play a significant role in the degradation of keratin. For the present study, keratinolytic microorganisms were isolated by keratin baiting technique using feathers and hair as baits.
The keratinase enzyme producing microorganism was screened out from soils in different
places such as poultry farm, mosque, school and park. Among all places, Aspergillus niger
showed the highest numbers of colonies in all places and were selected for screening.
Keratinase enzyme produced by A. niger was optimized in different pH concentration of 5,
7 and 9. Moreover, it was also optimized under different temperatures of 25 °C, 37 °C and
45 °C. Standard curve was prepared to estimate the content of crude enzyme protein using
Bovine serum albumin (BSA) as standard. Lastly, the keratinase enzyme was evaluated by
immersing feather and hair in the protein solution
Chenbagaraman Pillai – Kerala Revolutionary in Germany
No full textChenbagaraman Pillai – an unsung hero of the Indian Freedom struggle who stood at the forefront to fight for Indian independence even before Gandhiji, Nethaji Subash Chandra Bose. Chenbagaraman Pillai was the first to coin and chant the term ‘Jai Hind’. He was the forerunner of leaders like Rash Bihari Bose, and Subash Chandra Bose in organizing an Indian Army abroad to wage war against the British enemies in his motherland India and the one who had even founded INV (Indian National Volunteers) much before INA (Indian National Army) was formed. Before the outbreak of the First World War, He set up at “Zurich” the international Pro-India committee to acquaint the people of Europe with the basic issues involved in India’s struggle for Freedom. Pro-India was an English newspaper started by Chenbagaraman Pillai was the mouthpiece of this organization
Characterization and anti-microbial properties of Graphene/Single-walled carbon nanotubes
No full textAccess is limited to UniMAP community.The primary purpose of this research is to determine the antimicrobial activity of
functionalized Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWNT) using the extract from Hempedu
bumi plant. It was evaluated for the biological activities on Bacillus sp., Aspergillus niger and Escherichia coli. SWNT is nanosized graphite which is believed that it has the
antimicrobial activity. It can destroy the wall of bacteria and release the DNA content of
bacteria by sharp edge. The formations of inhibition zones were found to evident the
importance of the functionalized SWNT by H. bumi with the optimum volume of 35 μl and
shown the greatest cleared zone of inhibition. For E. coli, the result showed 1.1 cm and 1.0
cm for Bacillus while 1.5 cm for A. niger. Further, morphological and structural analyses
have been undergone to understand the functionalized SWNT using few analyses. From the
analysis of scanning electron microscope, it can be shown that the structure of SWNT were
fine and align naturally into “ropes” together by Weak Van der Waals forces of attraction
while in analysis of atomic Force microscope, it can be clearly observed the structure
especially in Z-axis which was with the height direction of 300 μm and X-Z axes view
direction at 45 angle. X-axis has maximum of 0.5 μm/div while Z-axis has 300 μm/div.
From the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, it can be observed that there are 4
peaks which is peak area percentage for C-C is 95.87 %, C-O has 3.08 %, NSi2O has 0.73 %
and metal iodides have 0.32 % while the total percentage is 100 %. Lastly, it has the
highest peak of the analysis located at 15.9 with 393 intensity in X-ray powder diffraction
analysis
Capturing Andrographis Paniculata herbal extract on gold nanoparticle to evaluate antimicrobial activity
No full textAccess is limited to UniMAP community.This research is a way to accomplish the antimicrobial study towards different types of gram bacteria; in this project the microorganisms used are Escherichia coli and Bacillus sp, by Andrographis paniculata conjugated Gold Nanoparticle (GNP). The ease of capturing on GNP and their affinity for binding biological molecules makes them
attractive participants to study. In fact, they have so many advantages in conjugation
with herbal plant extract. In this project, first and foremost, it was be able to prepare the
A. paniculata herbal extract conjugated with GNP to be used as broad spectrum in
antimicrobial activity. Other than that, this study also intends to analyze the captured
molecules obtained from A. paniculata on the GNP. Besides that, the herbal extract
conjugated GNP has been studied due to their effects on antimicrobial activity. The
conjugation of herbal extract with GNP has been evaluated by characterization method
such as Fourier Transmission Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Screening Electron
Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The antibiotic such as ampicillin has been used as the positive control and water as negative control on antimicrobial study and the effects have been tested using antimicrobial assay which is disc diffusion for both microorganisms involved. The inhibition zone has been measured for disc diffusion for both microorganisms were in range of 0.6 cm to 0.9 cm for plant
extract. However, plant extract conjugated GNPs were in between of 0.8 cm to 1.1 cm
which is larger than without conjugation. This shows that herbal extract conjugated
GNP gives out the best result
Study of Serum Magnesium Level in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Get PDFBACKGROUND :
A high prevalence of magnesium deficiency is reported in diabetics.
Magnesium depletion has a negative impact on glucose homeostasis and insulin
sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients as well as on the evolution of
complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy and arterial
atherosclerosis. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of
hypomagnesemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its correlations with microvascular complications of diabetes like retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS :
Patients with type 2 diabetes admitted in Thanjavur Medical College and Hospital over a period of one year between October 2011 to October 2012 formed the study population. The sample size was 100 patients. Serum magnesium concentration was measured by calmagite dye method.
RESULTS :
The study revealed that prevalence of hypomagnesemia in study subjects
was 35%. Sex, age and duration of diabetes were not significant predictors of
serum magnesium. Significant association was found between hypomagnesemia
and diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy. Significant correlations were
not found with co morbidities such as ischemic heart disease and hypertension.
Low serum magnesium concentrations are common in type 2 diabetics.
Magnesium deficiency is conclusively associated with diabetic retinopathy,
nephropathy, neuropathy
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