444 research outputs found
Preliminary evaluation of the NIAAA/AAP brief alcohol use screener
No full textPublished in: Alcohol and Alcoholism, 2017, 52(3) 328–334.Aims: To assess the concurrent validity of the two-item NIAAA/American Academy of Pediatrics
Brief Alcohol Use Screener, a developmentally sensitive assessment instrument, in a school-
based sample of adolescents.
Method: The sample consisted of 756 adolescents (53% girls; Mage = 13.7 years; SD = 1.6 years) in
the 6th (n = 192), 8th (n = 283), and the 10th (n = 281) grades from Miami-Dade County, FL and
Prince George’s County, MD. Adolescents completed the NIAAA/AAP Brief Alcohol Use Screener,
which consists of two items asking about adolescents’ alcohol use and about peers’ alcohol use
during the last year. Peer-Risk is categorized into ‘No Peer-Risk’ versus ‘Heightened Concern’;
Self-Risk is categorized into ‘No-Risk,’ ‘Low-Risk,’ ‘Moderate-Risk’ or ‘High-Risk,’ based on alcohol
use patterns and age. Adolescents also completed measures of recent alcohol use and four previ-
ously validated screener instruments.
Results: Relative to the self-use ‘No-Risk’ category, adolescents classified into the ‘Low-,’
‘Moderate-’ and ‘High-Risk’ categories reported progressively greater alcohol use and misuse dur-
ing the last 90 days. Similar patterns were observed between the Peer-Risk categories. Combined,
the two NIAAA/AAP screener items were positively related to recent alcohol use and outper-
formed the other screeners examined.
Conclusions: Results from the present study support the concurrent validity of the single and com-
bined items of the NIAAA/AAP Brief Alcohol Use Screener, as well as the measure’s favorable con-
current validity compared to four previously validated screener instruments.
Short Summary: The current results support the concurrent validity of the single and combined
items of the NIAAA/AAP Brief Alcohol Use Screener, as well as the measure’s favorable concurrent
validity compared to four previously validated screener instruments, in a school-based sample of
adolescents
A mix design methodology of slag and fly ash-based alkali-activated paste
No full textIn this paper, a series of experiments were conducted to systematically and quantitively explore the effects of control factors on the early age properties, i.e., workability and strength of slag and fly ash-based alkali-activated paste (BFS/FA-AAP). The control factors on the workability (flowability and setting time) of BFS/FA-AAP include the Na2O/b ratio, the SiO2/Na2O ratio, the w/b ratio, and the BFS/b ratio. The control factors on strength (compressive strength and flexural strength) of BFS/FA-AAP further also include the curing condition and the curing age. The results show that a higher BFS/b ratio and Na2O/b ratio could increase the strength while decreasing the workability. A higher w/b ratio could increase the workability while slightly decreasing the strength. Higher SiO2/Na2O ratio increases both strength and workability. Despite that, higher Na2O/b ratio and SiO2/Na2O ratio could hinder the strength development. Sealed curing condition is proved to be a simple but efficient way to assure the steady strength development of BFS/FA-AAP. Although the strength of BFS/FA-AAP could generally stabilize after 90 days, the strength development rate varies with different mix proportions. In addition, a general methodology have been proposed to predict the compressive strength of BFS/FA-AAP and verified with experiments. Finally, a mix design table is proposed for the preliminary design of BFS/FA-AAP according to the principle of satisfying early age requirements.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Materials and Environmen
Testing the effects of grazing on photoheterotrophic bacteria in the Pensacola Bay system
No full textAAP bacteria are photoheterotrophic which means they can obtain energy from light and organic molecules. The pufM gene (Figure 1) is one of many that gives these bacteria the ability to use light as an energy source (Figure 1). Like other heterotrophic bacteria, AAPs contribute to the microbial loop (Figure 2) which plays a mojor role in recycling organic matter 9OM) and may change our understanding of the oceans ability to sequester CO2. Harvesting light energy allows AAP to grow larger and cycle OM at a faster rate (1).
The percentage of AAPs contributing to the microbial loop is not well known. If AAPs make up anywhere between 5-10% of the community, their light harvesting capabilities can change our view of the impact the microbial loop has on OM recycling. One biological factor that influences the abundance of AAP is grazing. Larger bacteria such as AAPs are more susceptible to grazing than smaller bacteria (2,3). For my research I am enumerating total AAPs, Roseobacter (Rsb.)-like AAP, Rhodobacter (Rba)-like, AAP and a novel Gulf of Mexico strain, called denovo0-like AAP. I sampled surface waters in Fall 2020 and again in Spring at Shoreline Park, and performed manipulation experiments to study grazing impacts on these specific groups. My question is: are total AAP bacteria equally grazed upon as total bacteria.Please see link in Full Description information to access Carrie's presentation
Implementation of the AAP Hyperbilirubinemia Guidelines in a Newborn Nursery to Appropriately Screen and Treat Newborns for Hyperbilirubinemia
No full textDegree awarded: D.N.P. Nursing. The Catholic University of AmericaHyperbilirubinemia is the most common problem in the newborn period requiring hospitalization and medical attention. Kernicterus and bilirubin encephalopathy, "never events", are rare but devastating disorders resulting from severe hyperbilirubinemia. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) 2004 Hyperbilirubinemia Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) was developed to support an approach to decrease the number of newborns who develop severe hyperbilirubinemia and bilirubin encephalopathy. The purpose of this project was to implement and evaluate the impact of adoption of the AAP CPG in a normal newborn nursery. Anticipated clinical outcomes included a decrease in the number of serum bilirubin tests ordered and an increase in "the appropriate use" of phototherapy of healthy term newborns. The Six Step Model for Implementing Evidence Based Practice guided the clinical practice change. Following adoption of the guidelines, retrospective chart reviews were conducted for a 6 week pre-implementation and post-implementation period. Both groups were roughly equivalent in terms of the number of newborns (115) with high initial transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) levels requiring at least one confirmatory total serum bilirubin (TSB) level and the number requiring treatment with some phototherapy. However there was a significant difference between the two cohorts in terms of the number of TSBs ordered for each jaundiced newborn. In 2011, prior to implementation of the CPG, there were 199 TSBs obtained on 115 newborns with an average of 1.73 TSBs per newborn and a range of 1-7 TSBs. Forty percent of this group of newborns received 2 or more TSBs during their hospital stay. In 2012, post-implementation of the CPG, 157 TSB were obtained on 115 newborns with an average of 1.37 TSBs per newborn, and a range of 1-5 TSBs. Only 22.6% of the 2012 cohort received 2 or more TSBs before discharged. Following implementation of the guidelines, there was also a significant increase in the use of "appropriate phototherapy" (p=0.048). In summary, implementation of the AAP CPG in the newborn nursery resulted in decreased lab costs, decreased nursing time an increase in nursing autonomy and most importantly, improved newborn care in the nursery.Made available in DSpace on 2013-02-08T16:06:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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No full textO modelo de Acesso Intermitente em ratos gera a ingestão de uma grande quantidade de alimentos palatáveis (alimentos com alta concentração de açúcar e/ou gordura) em situação em que sujeitos não expostos ao mesmo esquema de apresentação intermitente de alimento não o fariam. O Acesso Intermitente possui apresentação de alimento altamente palatável (AAP) três vezes por semana e procedimentos intermitentes tendem a aumentar a ingestão do alimento apresentado desta forma devido à imprevisibilidade associada ao estímulo apetitivo. A impulsividade é caracterizada pela preferência por um reforço menos vantajoso em detrimento de um reforço mais vantajoso com maior atraso em relação à resposta. Medições de impulsividade feitas através de protocolos de desvalorização de atraso são importantes para se verificar a sensibilidade dos sujeitos submetidos ao Acesso Intermitente à variação de atraso. Estas medições também foram utilizadas para verificar a preditibilidade da ingestão de AAP a partir dos resultados encontrados nas diferenças entre os sujeitos mais ou menos impulsivos em medições anteriores ao Acesso Intermitente. O presente estudo se propôs a investigar se há diferença da impulsividade medida através de uma tarefa de escolha com atrasos variáveis antes e depois de um procedimento de Acesso Intermitente a um AAP de água e sacarose. Os resultados foram comparados em relação à ingestão de AAP e entre si. Medidas de acompanhamento temporal também foram utilizadas para se verificar a eficácia de discriminação dos sujeitos em relação aos ajustes de atrasoThe Intermittent Access model in rats produces the ingestion of a large amount of palatable foods (foods with high sugar and/or fat concentration) in a situation in which the subjects that were not exposed to the same intermittent food presentation scheme would not exhibit, this model presents the high palatable food (HPF) three times a week. An intermittent procedures tend to increase the intake of the food presented this way due to the unpredictability associated with the appetitive stimulus. Impulsivity is characterized by the preference for a less advantageous reinforcement over a more advantageous one with a greater delay, the measurements of impulsivity made through delay discounting protocols are important to verify the sensitivity of delay variation in subjects undergoing Intermittent Access. It was also used to verify the predictability of HPF intake from the results found in the differences between the impulsivities measurements prior to Intermittent Access. The present study aimed to investigate whether there is a difference in impulsivity measured through a choice task with variable delays before and after an Intermittent Access procedure with a water and sucrose HPF. The results were compared in relation to HPF intake and among each other. Temporal tracking measures were also used to verify effectiveness of the discrimination of the subjects in relation to the delay adjustment
Evidence-based risk assessment and recommendations for physical activity clearance: established cardiovascular disease<SUP>1</SUP>
No full textPhysical activity is an effective lifestyle therapy for patients at risk for, or with, documented cardiovascular disease (CVD). Current screening tools - the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) and the Physical Activity Readiness Medical Evaluation (PARmed-X) - require updating to align with risk/benefit evidence. We provide evidence-based recommendations to identify individuals with CVD at lower risk, intermediate risk, or higher risk of adverse events when participating in physical activity. Forms of exercise and the settings that will appropriately manage the risks are identified. A computer-assisted search of electronic databases, using search terms for CVD and physical activity risks and benefits, was employed. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation were applied to assess the evidence and assign a strength of evidence rating. A strength rating for the physical activity participation clearance recommendation was assigned on the basis of the evidence. Recommendations for physical activity clearance were made for specific CVD groups. Evidence indicates that those who are medically stable, who are involved with physical activity, and who have adequate physical ability can participate in physical activity of lower to moderate risk. Patients at higher risk can exercise in medically supervised programs. Systematic evaluation of evidence indicates that clinically stable individuals with CVD may participate in physical activity with little risk of adverse events. Therefore, changes in the PAR-Q should be undertaken and a process of assessment and consultation to replace the PARmed-X should be developed. Patients at lower risk may exercise at low to moderate intensities with minimal supervision. Those at intermediate risk should exercise with guidance from a qualified exercise professional. Patients at higher risk should exercise in medically supervised programs. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
Abstract (French):
La pratique de l'activité physique est un mode de vie à caractère thérapeutique pour les patients à risque ou diagnostiqués d'une maladie cardiovasculaire (CVD). Les outils de dépistage actuels (Q-AAP et X-AAP) requièrent une mise à jour sur le plan des risques et des bénéfices. Cet article présente des recommandations basées sur des données probantes pour classer les individus présentant une CVD en fonction du risque d'événements indésirables associés à la pratique de l'activité physique : faible, modéré ou élevé. Les types d'exercice physique et les milieux de pratique sont pris en considération. On effectue une recherche dans les bases de données électroniques au moyen des mots clés suivants : CVD, activité physique, risques, bénéfices. On utilise la grille AGREE (AGREE Collaboration 2001; AGREE Collaboration 2003) pour évaluer la rigueur scientifique et lui donner une cote. Selon les observations probantes, on assigne aussi une cote à la recommandation en matière de pratique de l'activité physique. On formule des recommandations en matière de pratique de l'activité physique à l'intention des groupes spécifiques de CVD. D'après les observations probantes, les patients qui sont médicalement stables et engagés dans la pratique de l'activité physique en plus d'être dotés d'une aptitude physique suffisante peuvent s'adonner à l'activité physique en situation de risque faible à modéré. Les patients à risque élevé peuvent s'adonner à la pratique de l'activité physique dans des programmes avec supervision médicale. L'évaluation systématique des données probantes révèle que les patients souffrant de CVD, mais dont l'état est stable peuvent s'adonner à l'activité physique, et ce, avec peu de risque d'événements indésirables. On devrait donc modifier le Q-AAP en conséquence et réévaluer après consultation le X-AAP. Les patients à risque faible peuvent s'adonner à l'activité physique d'intensité légère à modérée avec un minimum de supervision. Les patients à risque modéré peuvent s'adonner à la pratique de l'activité physique sous la supervision d'un professionnel de l'exercice certifié. Les patients à haut risque peuvent s'adonner à la pratique de l'activité physique dans des programmes avec supervision médicale. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHORSource type: Electronic(1
Onomastic synecdoche: the use of proper names of camels in Somali poetry
No full textIn this article, the author gives an account of the operation and functions of the onomastic synecdoche, a trope employed by Somali poets, in which the literal sense base consists of proper names given by Somali herders to domestic animals, especially camels.Qoraha maqaalkani wuxuu muujinayaa qaar ka mid ah hadal maldaheedka ay adeegsadaan maansooleyda soomaaliyeed, sida magacyada gaarka ah ee xooladhaqatadu ay siiyaan duunyadooda, gaar ahaan geela.In questo articolo, l'autore dà conto del funzionamento e delle funzioni della sineddoche onomastica, una figura retorica usata dai poeti somali, in cui il senso letterale consiste in nomi propri dati dai pastori somali ai propri animali domestici, in particolare ai cammelli
Corrigendum: Precision medicine and global health: The good, the bad, and the ugly [Front Med., 5, (2018) (67)] DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00067
No full textIn the original Opinion article, there was an error in the affiliation address of the first and corresponding author. In the affiliations section, the phrase "American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)" was mistakenly placed, and it has now been replaced with the correct phrase "Advanced Academic Programs (AAP)." The authors sincerely apologize for the error. This error does not change the scientific conclusions of the Opinion Article in any way. The original article has been updated. © 2018 Mentis, Pantelidi, Dardiotis, Hadjigeorgiou and Petinaki
Corrigendum: Precision medicine and global health: The good, the bad, and the ugly [Front Med (2018) 5:67]doi: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00067
No full textIn the original Opinion article, there was an error in the affiliation address of the first and corresponding author. In the affiliations section, the phrase �American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)� was mistakenly placed, and it has now been replaced with the correct phrase �Advanced Academic Programs (AAP).� The authors sincerely apologize for the error. This error does not change the scientific conclusions of the Opinion Article in any way. The original article has been updated. © 2018 Mentis, Pantelidi, Dardiotis, Hadjigeorgiou and Petinaki
Why do Women Choose to Bed-Share With Their Infants?
No full textIn the early 1990s, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) initiated Back to Sleep to
decrease infant mortality from Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). A decline in SIDS
followed; however, accidental deaths from asphyxiation, overlaying, falls, and suffocation
increased. Classified as Sudden Unexplained Infant Deaths (SUID), these deaths occurred more
frequently in infants who bed-shared. To minimize the risk of SUID, the AAP released
guidelines in 2011 advising against bed-sharing. However, despite the new guidelines, bedsharing
rates remain near 50%. The purpose of this systematic literature review is to examine
why women bed-share. The author found better sleep, breastfeeding, closeness, convenience, and
safety as frequent reasons for bed-sharing. Less commonly found were culture and financial
limitations. A greater understanding of the reasons women bed-share can help providers discuss
this issue with parents, guide interventions to reduce bed-sharing, and improve compliance with
AAP guidelines
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