153,269 research outputs found
Scaling and asymptotic scaling in the SU(2) gauge theory
No full textFingberg J, Heller UM, Karsch F. Scaling and asymptotic scaling in the SU(2) gauge theory. Nuclear Physics, B. 1993;392(2):493-517.We determine the critical couplings for the deconfinement phase transition in SU(2) gauge theory on N(tau) x N(sigma)3 lattices with N(tau) = 8 and 16 and N(sigma) varying between 16 and 48. A comparison with string tension data shows scaling of the ratio T(c)/square-root sigma in the entire coupling regime beta = 2.30-2.75, while the individual quantities still exhibit large scaling violations. We find T(c)/square-root sigma = 0.69(2). We also discuss in detail the extrapolation of T(c)/LAMBDA(MSBAR) and square-root sigma/LAMBDA(MSBAR) to the continuum limit. Our result, which is consistent with the above ratio, is T(c)/LAMBDA(MSBAR) = 1.23(11) and square-root sigma/LAMBDA(MSBAR) = 1.79(12). We also comment upon corresponding results for SU(3) gauge theory and four-flavour QCD
Su Ürünlerinin İnsanlara Olan Zararları
No full textSu ürünleri, insanlarýn besin gereksinimi karþýlamasý-nýn yanýnda birçok saðlýk sorununun çözümü için de yararlandýklarý önemli kaynaklar arasýndadýr. Ancak su ürünleri bu yararlarýnýn yanýnda, bazý türlerinin saldýrýcý ve yýrtýcý, bazýlarýnýn elektriki organlara sahip ve diðer birgrup ise fanerotoksik (açýk zehirli) ya da kriptotoksik (gizli zehirli) o l u þ u y l a i n s a n s a ð l ý ð ý n ý n bozulmasýna ve hatta hayatýnýn s o n l a n m a s ý n a n e d e n olabilmektedirler. Bu çalýþma da insanlar için tehlikeli oluþturabilen su ürünleri tanýtýlarak, insanlara olan etkileri üzerinde durulmaktadýr
SU(2 vertical bar 2) for theories with sixteen supercharges at weak and strong coupling
No full textarchiveprefix: arXiv primaryclass: hep-th reportnumber: HU-EP-10-15 slaccitation: %%CITATION = ARXIV:1003.5547;%%archiveprefix: arXiv primaryclass: hep-th reportnumber: HU-EP-10-15 slaccitation: %%CITATION = ARXIV:1003.5547;%%D. Y. is supported by the Volkswagen
Foundation
TIM-3 and Galectin-9 Regulation of Effector T cell Function and Activation
No full textThe T cell Immunoglobulin Domain and Mucin Domain 3 (TIM-3) is a type I glycoprotein expressed primarily on the surface of activated T cells and myeloid cells. The extracellular domain of TIM-3 consists of an IgV domain and a mucin domain with several sites for N- and O-linked glycosylation. The IgV domain is important for binding of TIM-3 to two of its known ligands, a β-galactoside binding lectin known as galectin-9 (Gal-9) and phosphatidylserine, a marker of early apoptosis. The cytoplasmic tail of TIM-3 has six conserved tyrosines, although their role in modulating downstream signaling pathways has yet to be determined. TIM-3 is widely regarded as a negative regulator of effector T cell function and viability. TIM-3 is also upregulated on exhausted T cells and is postulated to have a role in the development and/or maintenance of T cell exhaustion. However, the exact regulation of T cells by TIM-3 has not been fully established for several reasons. TIM-3 and at least one of its ligand is expressed on both T cells and antigen presenting cells (APC). Therefore, it is not clear whether TIM-3 antibodies or Tim-3 Ig fusion proteins block the ligation of TIM-3 on T cells or on APCs to enhance effector T cell function. Additionally, gal-9 can also induce apoptosis in cells lacking the expression of TIM-3 and has been shown to positively regulate other cell types such as dendritic cells and mast cells. As TIM-3 is becoming an increasingly attractive therapeutic target because of its ability to reverse exhaustion in T cells, it is important to determine the regulatory nature of TIM-3 on T cells. To do this, we expressed Tim-3 ectopically in Tim-3- Jurkat T cells and observed that Tim-3 enhances instead of inhibits signaling downstream of the T-cell receptor and co-stimulator, CD28. Then, using a series of truncation and point mutants of Tim-3, we determined that Y256 and Y263 are the most crucial of the six conserved tyrosines in mediating Tim-3 signaling. Another unexpected finding was that in addition to apoptosis, gal-9 also induces the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines from T helper subsets independently of Tim-3
D. T. Max, 36th Annual ODU Literary Festival
No full textD. T. Max is a graduate of Harvard University and a staff writer at The New Yorker. His new book, Every Love Story Is A Ghost Story: A Life of David Foster Wallace, was released in August 2012 and was a New York Times best-seller. He is also the author of The Family That Couldn\u27t Sleep: A Medical Mystery
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
A proof of concept of a BioMEMS glucose biosensor using microfabricated SU-8 films
No full textThe present project investigated and proved the concept of developing a novel
BioMEMS glucose micro-biosensor using a simple one-step microfabrication process of
the widely used SU-8 polymer. More specifically, the study focused on the investigation
of the suitability of the SU-8 polymer as a matrix for enzyme immobilisation that is
carried out during the microfabrication process. A comparative study between
commercially available SU-8 and “customised” SU-8 solutions showed that the
optimum concentration of photo-initiator for stress reduction can be achieved easier
with “customised” SU-8 solutions. The most appropriate type of microstructure for the
SU-8 matrix and the corresponding required microfabrication process were defined and
encapsulation of the enzyme GOx in the SU-8 solution was accomplished. A detailed
experimental investigation of the immobilised enzyme’s activity inside the SU-8 matrix,
was carried out using amperometric detection of hydrogen peroxide in a 3-electrode setup.
SU-8 films were immersed in a buffer solution and the platinum working electrode
was brought in close contact with the film. Films without enzyme showed negligible
variation in current upon the addition of glucose, as opposed to films with encapsulated
enzyme which showed a very clear increase in current. Experiments using films of
increased thickness or enzyme concentration, showed a higher response, thus proving
that the enzyme remained active not only on the film’s surface, but inside the matrix as
well. In the fluorescence spectroscopy experiments, the utilisation of the tris (4,7-
diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) ruthenium(II) dichloride oxygen indicator, which was
also captured in the polymer matrix during the microfabrication process, was proven to
be very sensitive to glucose concentration changes during the glucose oxidation and
there was no photo-bleaching.
The experimental investigations proved that the proposed concept of using SU-8
matrices for the immobilisation of biomolecules, is a valid proposal for the construction
of a BioMEMS glucose biosensor. An important outcome was the successful
immobilisation of glucose oxidase in SU-8 microfabricated structures. The enzyme still
showed activity despite the “hostile” conditions during microfabrication The proof of
principle of enzyme immobilisation in SU-8 films opens up new possibilities for
combining BioMEMS with biosensors and organic electronics
Letter from W. T. Johnson to Samuel D. Proctor, President of A&T College
No full textLetter from W. T. Johnson to Samuel D. Proctor, President of A&T College, thanking him for his appearance at a luncheon
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Letter from W. T. Johnson to A. D. Fobbs
No full textLetter from W. T. Johnson to A. D. Fobbs, concerning camping program
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