75,233 research outputs found
The political role of the people's liberation army 1949-1973
Full text linkThis thesis is to study the political role of the People's Liberation Army from the approach of structure and function. The framework of the thesis consists of three major parts, first, the influence of Chinese traditional political culture on, and the formation of, the political role of the PL A; second, the influence of domestic political struggles and external military conflicts on the development of the political role of the PLA; and the third, the analysis of the transition of the PLA's political role from the structure and personnel arrangements of the CCPCC Within the above-mentioned three scopes, this thesis make a thorough discussion on the following: (1) The relationship between the structure of the PRC and the formation of the PLA's political role; (2) How has ideology influenced the army's political role; (3) What is Mao's viewpoint and his influence on the development of the army's political role; (4) What is the link between the army and the party, and how has this developed; (6) What accounts for the expansion of the PLA's political functions; (7) What is the influence of political factional struggles on the PLA's political role; (8) Is it political institution or military institution that controls the recruitment of the military elite; (9) What are the disparities between the military elite in handling international conflicts and what are their political considerations; (10) What is the Party's position in the army; (11) How have the Party’s important meetings and personnel arrangements influenced the rise and fall of the PLA's political role
Gender, Sibship Structure, and Educational Inequality in Taiwan: Son Preference Revisited
No full text
Soluble Fas Ligand from Arsenic-Induced Bowen's Disease Induces Apoptusis in Infiltrated Cd4(+)
No full textLow-Energy Helium-Neon Laser Irradiation Induces Repigmentation in Segmental-Type Vitiligo Lesions and Has Some Blostimulatory Effects on Nerve Repair and Control
No full text
Fk506 Promotes Melanocyte and Melanoblast Growth and Creates a Favourable Milieu for Cell Migration Via Keratinocytes: Possible Mechanisms of How Tacrolimus Ointment Induces Repigmentation in Patients with Vitiligo
No full textBackground Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentary disorder characterized by depigmentation of skin and hair. As the pathogenesis of this disease is still obscure, the treatment of vitiligo has generally been unsatisfactory and often disappointing. Topical tacrolimus (FK506) ointment has recently been added to the armamentarium against this pigmentary disorder. Despite its clinical efficacy, the underlying mechanisms of how topical tacrolimus induces repigmentation in vitiligo have rarely been investigated. As tacrolimus ointment is applied directly to the skin, its impact on keratinocytes (KCs) requires thorough investigation. Objectives To investigate the effects of FK 506 on melanocyte (MC) and melanoblast ( MB) growth via KCs. Methods Cultured MCs and MBs were treated with supernatant of KC cultures conditioned with various concentrations of FK 506. The impact of supernatant on MCs and MBs was assessed in terms of its effect on MC/MB proliferation, melanin formation and cell migration. The activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, known for their influence on cell migration, were evaluated. The concentrations of MC/MB growth factors in the KC supernatant were also determined. Results Results demonstrated that proliferation of both MCs and MBs was significantly enhanced by FK506-treated KC supernatant. In addition, the concentration of stem cell factor in KC supernatant increased dose-dependently with FK 506 treatment. The supernatant from FK506-treated KC culture showed a significant increase in MMP-9 activity. Conclusions Our study provides in vitro evidence demonstrating that direct interaction between FK506 and KCs creates a favourable milieu for MC growth and migration. Furthermore, our findings provide a possible mechanism explaining how tacrolimus ointment induces repigmentation in patients with vitiligo
Fk506 Inhibits Tumour Necrosis Factor-α Secretion in Human Keratinocytes Via Regulation of Nuclear Factor-κb
No full textBackground Tacrolimus (FK506) ointment has been used for treatment of inflammatory dermatoses with remarkable success . Our previous studies have indicated that direct modulation of tacrolimus on keratinocytes (KCs) may have an impact on its therapeutic effect. The use of monoclonal antibody specific for tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α has shown efficacy in treating both psoriasis and Crohn disease. Topical tacrolimus has also been shown to be effective for treating cutaneous manifestations of both diseases. Objectives To explore the effects of FK506 on human KCs in terms of TNF-α secretion and to investigate the regulatory pathway involved. Methods Ultraviolet (UV) B-irradiated cultured KCs were treated with various concentrations of FK 506. At indicated time points after UVB irradiation we determined: (i) the TNF-α concentrations present in the culture supernatants; (ii) the activation and translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB in the cell nucleus; and (iii) the protein expressions of IκB kinase (IKK) and IκB in the cell lysates. In addition, a mouse model was used to corroborate our in vitro findings in vivo. More specifically , topical tacrolimus was applied on to mouse skin unilaterally after UVB irradiation. The effects of FK506 on nuclear NF-κB expression of UVB- irradiated mouse skin were determined. Results Our results showed that FK 506 dose- dependently downregulated the secretion of TNF-α from UVB- irradiated KCs. The activation and translocation of NF-κB in UVB- irradiated KCs were also dose-dependently suppressed by FK506. The degradation of IκB induced by UVB was also inhibited by FK506, while no change in IKK expression was noted regardless of UVB and FK506 treatment. Murine skin biopsies showed that nuclear NF-κB expression induced by UVB was inhibited by topical tacrolimus treatment. Conclusions Our results indicate that FK506 inhibits TNF-αsecretion in human KCs via direct regulation of NF-κB. This modulatory effect of FK506 on KCs offers a possible mechanism for how topical tacrolimus regulates cutaneous inflammatory conditions
Antimicrobial effects of Allyl isothiocyanate and modified atmosphere on Pseduomonas aeruginosa in fresh catfish fillet under abuse temperatures
No full textPseudomonas aeruginosa, a common spoilage microorganism on fresh catfish products, can grow rapidly at temperatures above 4°C during storage and transportation. To protect against temperature abuse and extend the shelf life of catfish, an antimicrobial packaging system examined in this study. Allyl isothiocyanate (AIT), an extract of horseradish oil, is a well-known antimicrobial agent, which has been proved to have an excellent antimicrobial capability on various microorganisms. The packaging system consists of combing AIT with modified atmosphere (MA), a common antimicrobial method, to inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa. The objectives of this research were: 1) to investigate the antimicrobial effects of AIT in vapor phase and MA on P. aeruginosa in fresh catfish fillet; 2) to develop models to predict the lag phase and shelf life of fresh catfish products as a function of AIT and MA. Three concentrations (0, 18 and 36 μg/L) of AIT in vapor phase were used to inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa cocktail (3-strains) at 8, 15 and 20°C. In addition, the antimicrobial capability of MA (49% CO2, 0.5% O2 and 50.5% N2) and MA combined with AIT were also investigated. Our results showed that temperature has the most significant impact on the growth rate of P. aeruginosa. Lowing temperature could decrease the maximum growth rate of P. aeruginosa and extend its lag phase and shelf life. Increasing gaseous AIT concentration could elongate lag phase and reduce growth rate of P. aeruginosa effectively. In addition, AIT alone reduced P. aeruginosa counts within the initial several hours. The application of MA had a similar antimicrobial effect as AIT under low storage temperature. Moreover, to attain a longer shelf life of fresh catfish fillet, the combination of AIT and MA was included in this study. The synergistic effect of AIT and MA could extend the shelf life of fresh catfish from 4 days (control) to 23 days at 8°C. Models developed from this study may be applied to estimate the lag phase of P. aeruginosa and shelf life of catfish under abuse temperature conditions. The results could assist food industry to predict the shelf life of catfish products, which may be further optimized with appropriate AIT concentration in a MA packaging.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Yu-Hsin Pan
sj-pdf-1-imr-10.1177_03000605221100134 - Supplemental material for Clinical outcomes of AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy in the treatment of May–Thurner syndrome-related deep venous thrombosis
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-imr-10.1177_03000605221100134 for Clinical outcomes of AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy in the treatment of May–Thurner syndrome-related deep venous thrombosis by Wei Wen-Cheng Hsin Chun-Hsien Hsuan-Tzu Yang, Ta-Wei Su, I-Hao Su, Sung-Yu Chu, Po-Jen Ko, Yu Sheng-Yueh Lee Chun-Hui in Journal of International Medical Research</p
- …
