1,721,011 research outputs found
A systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of cardiac, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular disease in multiple sclerosis
Full text linkBackground: Findings regarding the prevalence of vascular comorbidities in multiple sclerosis (MS) are conflicting.Objective: The objective of this review is to estimate the incidence and prevalence of vascular comorbidities and predisposing comorbidities in persons with MS and to assess the quality of the included studies.Methods: The PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS and Web of Knowledge databases, conference proceedings, and reference lists of retrieved articles were searched. One reviewer abstracted data using a standardized data collection form, while the second reviewer verified the abstraction. Included studies were assessed qualitatively. Quantitatively, we assessed studies using the I 2 statistic, and conducted meta-analyses for population-based studies only.Results: The prevalence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia exceeded 10% in the MS population and increased with age. While the prevalence of ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, and stroke were less than 5% overall, the prevalence of these conditions exceeded expectations when compared to the general population. Cardiac valvular disease, however, affected the MS population less often than expected. Problems with study quality were common.Conclusion: Despite the relatively high prevalence of some vascular comorbidities in the MS population, important gaps exist in our understanding of their epidemiology. Most of our knowledge is based on studies conducted in a small number of regions
A systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of comorbidity in multiple sclerosis: Overview
Full text linkBackground: Comorbidity is an area of increasing interest in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: The objective of this review is to estimate the incidence and prevalence of comorbidity in people with MS and assess the quality of included studies. Methods: We searched the PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE and Web of Knowledge databases, conference proceedings, and reference lists of retrieved articles. Two reviewers independently screened abstracts. One reviewer abstracted data using a standardized form and the abstraction was verified by a second reviewer. We assessed study quality using a standardized approach. We quantitatively assessed population-based studies using the I2 statistic, and conducted random-effects meta-analyses. Results: We included 249 articles. Study designs were variable with respect to source populations, case definitions, methods of ascertainment and approaches to reporting findings. Prevalence was reported more frequently than incidence; estimates for prevalence and incidence varied substantially for all conditions. Heterogeneity was high. Conclusion: This review highlights substantial gaps in the epidemiological knowledge of comorbidity in MS worldwide. Little is known about comorbidity in Central or South America, Asia or Africa. Findings in North America and Europe are inconsistent. Future studies should report age-, sex- and ethnicityspecific estimates of incidence and prevalence, and standardize findings to a common population
A systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of sleep disorders and seizure disorders in multiple sclerosis
Full text linkBackground: Several studies have suggested that comorbid neurologic disorders are more common than
expected in multiple sclerosis (MS).
Objective: To estimate the incidence and prevalence of comorbid seizure disorders and sleep disorders in
persons with MS and to evaluate the quality of studies included.
Methods: The PUBMED, EMBASE, Web of Knowledge, and SCOPUS databases, conference proceedings, and reference lists of retrieved articles were searched. Two reviewers independently screened
abstracts to identify relevant articles, followed by full-text review of selected articles. We assessed
included studies qualitatively and quantitatively (I2 statistic), and conducted meta-analyses among population-based studies.
Results: We reviewed 32 studies regarding seizure disorders. Among population-based studies the incidence of seizure disorders was 2.28% (95% CI: 1.11–3.44%), while the prevalence was 3.09% (95% CI:
2.01–4.16%). For sleep disorders we evaluated 18 studies; none were population-based. The prevalence
ranged from 0–1.6% for narcolepsy, 14.4–57.5% for restless legs syndrome, 2.22–3.2% for REM behavior disorder, and 7.14–58.1% for obstructive sleep apnea.
Conclusion: This review suggests that seizure disorders and sleep disorders are common in MS, but highlights gaps in the epidemiological knowledge of these conditions in MS worldwide. Other than centralwestern Europe and North America, most regions are understudied
The incidence and prevalence of psychiatric disorders in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review
No full textBackground: Psychiatric comorbidity is associated with lower quality of life, more fatigue, and reduced adherence to disease-modifying therapy in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives: The objectives of this review are to estimate the incidence and prevalence of selected comorbid psychiatric disorders in MS and evaluate the quality of included studies. Methods: We searched the PubMed, PsychInfo, SCOPUS, and Web of Knowledge databases and reference lists of retrieved articles. Abstracts were screened for relevance by two independent reviewers, followed by full-text review. Data were abstracted by one reviewer, and verified by a second reviewer. Study quality was evaluated using a standardized tool. For population-based studies we assessed heterogeneity quantitatively using the I2 statistic, and conducted meta-analyses. Results: We included 118 studies in this review. Among population-based studies, the prevalence of anxiety was 21.9% (95% CI: 8.765.0%), while it was 14.8% for alcohol abuse, 5.83% for bipolar disorder, 23.7% (95% CI: 17.40.0%) for depression, 2.5% for substance abuse, and 4.3% (95% CI: 0.3%) for psychosis. Conclusion: This review confirms that psychiatric comorbidity, particularly depression and anxiety, is common in MS. However, the incidence of psychiatric comorbidity remains understudied. Future comparisons across studies would be enhanced by developing a consistent approach to measuring psychiatric comorbidity, and reporting of age-, sex-, and ethnicity-specific estimates
„Von richtigen Freundinnen und falschen Freunden“ Ansatz, Erfahrungen und Ableitungen aus der geschlechterreflektierenden Präventionspraxis in der Jugendarbeit
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Geschlechterreflektierte Pädagogik gegen Rechts
Full text linkAnyone who deals with neo-Nazi prevention must consider the category of gender, because gender is a core aspect of neo-Nazi ideology and life. The contributions examine this point of view as well as the pedagogical and theoretical practices of the triad gender - pedagogy - neo-Nazism. The authors make it clear that prevention of neo-Nazism must be streamed just as much as gender-reflected pedagogy
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