701 research outputs found
Disaster threat and the Dunning-Kruger effect
No full textDecision making is a cognitive process of selecting a course of action or belief amongmultiple alternative choices. However, pressures of time, circumstance or unappreciated wickedness can create a situation where an ostensibly illogical choice overtakes rational decision making. Sometimes, when evaluated by those considered experts, decisions made in disasters seem irrational, harmful, or iniquitous in nature. A cognitive bias known as the Dunning-Kruger effect posits that individuals who lack the necessary skills to make rational decisions can also lack the metacognitive ability to realize that their decision making is flawed. The Dunning-Kruger theory theorizes this can result in the individual exhibiting overconfidence to adequately address the threat. Essentially, the unskilled are unaware and overconfident. This thesis investigates the occurrence of the Dunning-Kruger effect in individual decision making during disasters. The author analyzed 12 indicators by coding interview transcripts of disaster survivors. This thesis includes two case studies: Hurricane Katrina, representing a natural disaster, and the World Trade Center attacks, exemplifying a human-caused disaster. In each case, 30 transcripts of survivors were reviewed, and Dunning-Kruger indicators were present in both case studies. How individuals process realized or perceived threat is important for homeland security policy makers. Future research should be conducted to better understand how Dunning-Kruger effects influence disaster decision making.Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.Fire Marshal, City of Edina, Minnesotahttp://archive.org/details/disasterthreatnd109455161
Dunning-Kruger effect in climate change science communication
No full textThe knowledge deficit model assumes that people make more informed decisions when they are presented with more information. This model is often used in communication strategies while it has received quite some critique from science communicators and is not well supported by social science theories. One of these critiques comes from the observed Dunning-Kruger effect, where individuals unskilled in a certain area do not possess the skills to realize their incompetence. This effect has not been researched extensively yet in relation to climate change science communication and is the topic of this paper. By means of an online questionnaire (316 respondents), respondent’s knowledge and estimated knowledge on climate change is tested. The Dunning-Kruger effect has been detected for this group and suggests a critical re-evaluation of the knowledge deficit model, however additional research is necessary. An initial analysis into the influence of factors like age, gender and highest completed education level on actual and estimated scores and the discrepancy between these is also done to provide leads for further research
Ki-ras2 gene point mutations and dna methylation patterns in the dunning r-3327 rat dorsal prostatic adenocarcinoma system, 1996
No full textThe detection of point mutations in the Ki-ras2 gene in the first and second positions of codon 12 exon I of the Dunning Rat System has been successfully performed employing Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques. Two sets of allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) primer panels were used differing from each other in their terminal 31 nucleotide ends. Utilizing the appropriate annealing temperatures, these primers only directed amplification on their complementary alleles containing codon 12 from PCR generated 94bp templates and genomic DNA extracted from the Dunning cell lines AT-1 (Anaplastic), AT-3, Mat-LyLu (Metastasis Lymph and Lung) and Mat-Lu (Metastasis Lung). Our investigations have revealed that the first and second positions of codon 12 have undergone either transitions or transversions suggesting a heterogeneous population of cells comprising the wild type (GGT) and several other sequence mutations. Dorsal prostate solid tissues used as controls revealed the wild type sequence, GG, at codon 12. Genomic DNA extracted from Dunning cell lines Mat-Lu and Mat-LyLu treated with the differentiation agent difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and retinoic acid (RA) were used to detect reversion of point mutations for the Dunning R-3327 Prostatic Adenocarcinoma System in the Ki-ras2 gene of the first and second positions of codon 12 exon I. As a result, no reversions were detected for the first and second positions of codon 12 from either treatment. Genomic methylation patterns of non-treated Dunning R- 3327 cell lines AT-1, AT-3, Mat-LyLu and Mat-Lu, and Dunning R-3327 Mat-LyLu cells treated with difluoromethylornithine and retinoic acid were analyzed. Each of the cell lines were digested with Hpa II and Msp I restriction endonuclease enzymes used to characterize patterns at the interior cytosine of the sequence C'CGG. Identical molecular weight banding patterns were found for both Hpa II and Msp I digests in NDP (normal dorsal prostate) used as a control. Both treated and non-treated Dunning R- 3327 cells digested with Hpa II and Msp I displayed similar banding profiles completely altered from those seen in NDP solid tissues, indicative of a progressive loss of methylation at CCGG sites
European Union Foreign Direct Investment in China: Evidence from a Panel Study of EU Manufacturing Firms, 1998-2007
No full textThe paper examines determinants of the EU‘s FDI into the China by using a newly available Manufacturing firm-level data set for the period 1998-2007 from the State Statistical Bureau of China. The theoretical framework of the paper builds on Dunning's ownership–location–internalization (OLI) paradigm, incorporating the institutional determinants to test international production by EU firms in emerging market. The paper analyses recent trends and patterns of EU FDI and its firms‘ characteristics in China. This study applies both static and dynamic panel data approaches (fixed effects and GMM system estimators) to test the presence of agglomeration effect of past FDI. It finds that EU FDI in China is positively associated with export intensity and labour cost. However, technology and profitability of the firm show unexpected results, not lining with theory in the study. The results further suggest that locational factors with regard to macroeconomic and legal environment are also considered by EU firms when deciding on FDI in China. The findings have important implications for practitioners and policymaking
Captain Jacques Margeret: a Remarkable Huguenot Soldier in Russia’s Time of Troubles
No full textAbstract. Captain Jacques Margeret (fl. 1591-1621), a brave and highly intelligent French Huguenot soldier, was an active observer-participant in the Time of Troubles who contributed to Russia’s military modernization. Margeret also wrote one of the most valuable foreign accounts of early modern Russia: Estat de l’Empire de Russie et Grand Duché de Moscovie (1607). In this essay, Chester Dunning surveys two hundred years of scholarship about Margeret and his famous book, and he lays the foundation for a more objective biography of the remarkable French captain who served Tsar Boris Godunov, Tsar “Dmitrii”, Tsar Vasilii Shuiskii, the Tushinite pretender Dmitrii, “Tsar” Wladyslaw, King Sigismund III of Poland-Lithuania, Prince Janusz Radziwiłł, and finally King Gustav II Adolf of Sweden. This essay challenges recent scholarship concerning Margeret’s identity, his religious affiliation, his early career in France, his controversial career in Russia, his later career, and the composition of his book. This essay is based on fifty years of research by the translator of Jacques Margeret’s book into English as The Russian Empire and Grand Duchy of Muscovy: A 17th-Century French Account (1983). In addition to reading most published sources and scholarship about Margeret and his account of Russia, the author has examined documents related to Margeret’s biography in French, Russian, Polish, and British archives. In the process, Dunning discovered a letter Margeret wrote to King James I in 1612 encouraging English military intervention in north Russia to counter Polish and Swedish intervention
«Tout à fait Eric... tout à fait !». Quand le sociologue sert de ballon de football aux médias. Souvenirs et réflexions préliminaires
No full textThe sociologist as media football. Reminiscences and preliminary reflections.
Eric Dunning [5-15].
This paper offers an ironical account of various experiments of the author with the press, as specialist of the violence's in stadiums analysis. Functional logics of medias, existence of hidden agendas, lack of knowledge to the files make difficult the expression by journalists of real sociological analysis, especially in the TV. The tabloid press in particular has a manipulatory use of talk that it appeals to the researchers, and contributes to the social construction of the hooligan's phenomenom. Nevertheless, they are some possibilities of cooperation with the quality press, in the context of documentary programmes.Quand le sociologue sert de ballon de football aux médias. Souvenirs et réflexions préliminaires.
Eric Dunning [5-15].
Cet article livre un compte-rendu ironique des diverses expériences de l'auteur avec la presse, en qualité de spécialiste de l'analyse des violences dans les stades. Les logiques de fonctionnement des médias, l'existence d'agendas cachés, le manque de connaissance des dossiers par les journalistes, rendent difficile l'expression d'analyses sociologiques dignes de ce nom, à la télévision spécialement. La presse «tabloïd» en particulier fait un usage manipulatoire des propos qu'elle sollicite des chercheurs, et contribue à la construction sociale du phénomène hooligan. Des possibilités de coopération existent cependant dans le cadre de programmes documentaires, avec la presse de qualité.Dunning Eric. «Tout à fait Eric... tout à fait !». Quand le sociologue sert de ballon de football aux médias. Souvenirs et réflexions préliminaires. In: Politix, vol. 9, n°36, Quatrième trimestre 1996. Usages sociaux des sciences sociales, sous la direction de Jean-Baptiste Legavre et Erik Neveu. pp. 5-15
Author Deborah Heffernan of Bridgton describes how secret plans to have a Queen
No full textAuthor Deborah Heffernan of Bridgton describes how secret plans to have a Queen Anne bonnet-top high boy built for her husband Jack Heffernan turned into a community affair, while yet remaining a secret. The actual design and construction of the high boy fell on Bob Dunning, with the help cabinetmaker Greg Marston. Others involved on the project included Mary and Don Johnson and their sons Tom and Eric. With descriptive details of elements included in the highboy
Are the FAIR Data Principles fair?
No full textThis practice paper describes an ongoing research project to test the effectiveness and relevance of the FAIR Data Principles. Simultaneously, it will analyse how easy it is for data archives to adhere to the principles. The research took place from November 2016 to January 2017, and will be underpinned with feedback from the repositories.The FAIR Data Principles feature 15 facets corresponding to the four letters of FAIR - Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable. These principles have already gained traction within the research world. The European Commission has recently expanded its demand for research to produce open data. The relevant guidelines1are explicitly written in the context of the FAIR Data Principles. Given an increasing number of researchers will have exposure to the guidelines, understanding their viability and suggesting where there may be room for modification and adjustment is of vital importance.This practice paper is connected to a dataset(Dunning et al.,2017) containing the original overview of the sample group statistics and graphs, in an Excel spreadsheet. Over the course of two months, the web-interfaces, help-pages and metadata-records of over 40 data repositories have been examined, to score the individual data repository against the FAIR principles and facets. The traffic-light rating system enables colour-coding according to compliance and vagueness. The statistical analysis provides overall, categorised, on the principles focussing, and on the facet focussing results.The analysis includes the statistical and descriptive evaluation, followed by elaborations on Elements of the FAIR Data Principles, the subject specific or repository specific differences, and subsequently what repositories can do to improve their information architecture.Research Data and Softwar
A statically balanced mobile arm support based on a novel spring system
No full textThis research is focused on designing a close-to-body statically balanced mobile arm support for people suffering from degenerative muscular conditions. The arm support is based on a spring system consisting of two bi-articular zero-free-length springs to balance the arm.BioMechanical EngineeringMechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineerin
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