3 research outputs found
Impact of food-derived stilbenoids on the defensive response of dendritic cells to bacterial infection
No full textStilbenoids are a vast class of food-derived anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds, that include resveratrol. At difference with resveratrol, the action of most other stilbenoids is much less characterized, in particular for what attains the relationships occurring among chemical structure, antioxidant capacity, and their activity as inhibitors of specific enzymes or as potential regulators of complex pathways of cellular responses. Here we compared a number of monomeric and dimeric stilbenoids – obtained in sterically pure forms by chemical synthesis, as for their ability to modulate bacterially-induced cytokine production and the ROS-based defense response in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Despite having the highest chemical antioxidant activity, the two dimeric stilbenoids were weak inhibitors of LPS-induced ROS production in the cell system used in our studies, a response strongly inhibited by resveratrol and piceatannol. In summary, the anti-inflammatory and the antioxidant activity showed no straight relationship, and appeared related to several factors, such as the type of the pro-inflammatory signal, and the chemical structure and bioavailability of the stilbenoids. As for eliciting interleukin-based responses, all monomeric species - but none of the dimeric ones - showed dose-dependent inhibition of E. coli Nissle 1917 induced IL-12 and TNF-alpha, whereas only resveratrol and piceatannol inhibited IL-10 production. All monomers except trimethoxy-resveratrol inhibited IL-12, IL-10, and TNF-alfa production upon stimulation with L. acidophilus NCFM, while dehydro-delta-viniferin increased the IL-12 production. This comparative study shows that stilbenoids may affect cytokine production in ways trelated to the specific structure of the stilbenoid and to the type of microbial stimulation. Knowledge of how individual structures modulate the defense response may be exploited in future strategies for development on new drugs and nutraceuticals
Investigation of the Effects of Monomeric and Dimeric Stilbenoids on Bacteria-Induced Cytokines and LPS-Induced ROS Formation in Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells
Get PDFStilbenoids are anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds, with resveratrol being the most investigated molecule in this class. However, the actions of most other stilbenoids are much less studied. This study compares five monomeric (resveratrol, piceatannol, pterostilbene, pinostilbene, and trimethoxy-resveratrol) and two dimeric (dehydro-δ-viniferin and trans-δ-viniferin) stilbenoids for their capability to modulate the production of bacteria-induced cytokines (IL-12, IL-10, and TNF-α), as well as lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. All monomeric species showed dose-dependent inhibition of E. coli-induced IL-12 and TNF-α, whereas only resveratrol and piceatannol inhibited IL-10 production. All monomers, except trimethoxy-resveratrol, inhibited L. acidophilus-induced IL-12, IL-10, and TNF-α production. The dimer dehydro-δ-viniferin remarkably enhanced L. acidophilus-induced IL-12 production. The contrasting effect of resveratrol and dehydro-δ-viniferin on IL-12 production was due, at least in part, to a divergent inactivation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases by the two stilbenoids. Despite having moderate to high total antioxidant activity, dehydro-δ-viniferin was a weak inhibitor of LPS-induced ROS formation. Conversely, resveratrol and piceatannol potently inhibited LPS-induced ROS formation. Methylated monomers showed a decreased antioxidant capacity compared to resveratrol, also depending on the methylation site. In summary, the immune-modulating effect of the stilbenoids depends on both specific structural features of tested compounds and the stimulating bacteria
The competition of happiness: A moralphilosophic criticism of World Happiness Report and the media's perception of happiness
No full textThis study focuses on the subject of Happiness and the UN World Happiness Report from 2017. The project is based upon definitions of the concept of happiness among the two moral philosophers: Aristotle and Jeremy Bentham. Therefore, the paper contains a presentation of the thoughts included in the books: “An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation” by Jeremy Bentham, and “Etikken” by Aristotle. The philosophers are used in comparison to the World Happiness Reports definition of happiness. Furthermore, the study contains a framing analysis of three Danish newspaper articles which show how the Danish media showcases the World Happiness Report and happiness in general. The framing analysis is created from the theories of Robert Entman presented in his study: “Framing towards clarification of a fractured paradigm”. We will analyse the six “happiness variables” from the report, based on our two elected philosopher’s interpretations of happiness. In our project, we come to the conclusion, that the framing of the report in the danish media, interpreter the World Happiness Report as a competition amongst 155 countries. Due to moralphilosophie aspects, we conclude that the World Happiness report does not match up to its original purpose - to help countries improve happiness for the community. Instead, the World Happiness Report and happiness in general has evolved into a Worldwide competition. <br/
