1,721,006 research outputs found
Union Coordination and Economic Integration
No full textThis thesis explores the incentives for trade unions to coordinate their actions across borders in the face of an increase in international product market integration. Overall, the crucial role of the strategic interactions between industrial relations systems and the consequences of cross-country asymmetries in economic and institutional conditions are evidenced. The outcomes suggest that if countries are symmetric trade liberalisation always increases the incentives for unions to sign explicit transnational collective bargaining agreements. In the absence of binding contracts, however, unions' willingness to collude may depend both on the degree of product market integration and on the degree of substitutability among traded goods
How migration fosters trade
Get PDFMigrants have been proven to be a big force in creating trade connections between countries. But in a time of constant evolution, more research has to be done to fully understand the phenomenon
The changing nature of citizenship legislation
Get PDFCitizenship laws are changing in many countries. Although cross-national differences in the laws regulating access to citizenship are today not as large as they were several decades ago, they are still very apparent. Globally, there is convergence over some citizenship policy dimensions, but there is not a general convergence over “liberal” or “restrictive” approaches to citizenship policy. A growing body of research has put forward various comparative measures of citizenship and migrant integration policies. However, selecting the “right” index is a challenging task, and the underlying dynamics of citizenship laws are not easy to interpret as they differ across countries
Rent sharing and bargaining levels: evidence from Italy
No full textThis paper studies the extent of rent sharing in the Italian metal- mechanical industry by analyzing separately what occurs at each stage of wage negotiations. In particular,we evaluate how, through the bargaining process, aggregate and idiosyncraticproductivity shocks influence respectively centralized and decentralized wage negotiations. It turns out that while centralized agreements generate rent sharing, at the decentralized bargaining level this phenomenon is absent
Product Market Integration and Union Collusion
No full textThis paper investigates the effects of product market integration on the incentives and scope for union collusion across borders. In the absence of binding agreements, the impact of this process on the unions' willingness to collude depends both on the degree of product market integration and on the degree of substitutability among traded goods. Where trade barriers across countries are relatively low, implicit cross-border collusion among unions is more difficult the more integrated are product markets and the less substitutable are traded goods. Copyright � 2007 The Authors; Journal compilation � 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
The age of mass migration: economic and institutional determinants
Get PDFWe study the determinants of 19th century mass migration with special attention to the role of institutional factors beside standard economic fundamentals. We find that economic forces associated with income and demographic differentials had a major role in the determination of this historical event, but that the quality of institutions also mattered. We evaluate separately the impact of political institutions linked to democracy and suffrage and of those institutions more specifically targeted at attracting migrants, i.e., citizenship acquisition, land distribution, and public education policies. We find that both sets of institutions contributed to this event, even after controlling for their potential endogeneity through a set of instruments exploiting colonial history and the quality of institutions inherited from the past
Labor Cost and Labor Productivity in Italy: The Role of Wage Bargaining
No full textDipartimento di Economia Politica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emili
Piecework and Job Search in the Platform Economy
No full textThe massive growth of jobs in the platform economy has reignited a long-standing debate on the wage elasticity of labour supply for the self-employed. Overwhelming empirical evidence seems to suggest that workers in the platform economy will work more hours than they wish to, for a lower wage, suggesting a backward-bending labour supply curve. Is this puzzling outcome explained by target earning behaviour or rather by the uncertainty arising from task search? In this paper, we test these hypotheses making use of new data on on-location and online platform workers earning on a piece-rate basis in the EU, exploiting search shocks in a difference-in-differences strategy to reassess the wage elasticity of labour supply. We find that uncertainty in search plays a central role in inflating hours of work, revealing a positive and inelastic wage elasticity for all platform workers. On average, a percentage increase in job search leads to a net loss in income, suggesting that piecework might be an endemic source of demand surplus for monopsonistic markets
Citizenship Laws Dataset
No full textThe Citizenship Laws Dataset contains information on citizenship laws in 162 countries of the world with reference to the years 1948, 1975, and 2001. The available information concerns the way in which countries regulate citizenship acquisition at birth, with a distinction among jus soli (i.e., by birthplace), jus sanguinis (i.e., by descent), and mixed regimes. We also collect information about naturalization requirements. In addition, the dataset contains information for the main border changes which have affected the countries in the sample under consideration. The dataset further includes the following geo-political dummies: civil law, Latin America, Southern Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, British or Portuguese colony, small country, socialist country, and oil.The dataset is described at length in the following paper:Bertocchi, G. and C. Strozzi (2010), "The Evolution of Citizenship: Economic and Institutional Determinants", Journal of Law and Economics, vol. 53, pp. 95-136
Workers in the Crowd: The Labour Market Impact of the Online Platform Economy
No full textIn this paper, we compare wages and labor market conditions of individuals engaged in online platform work and in traditional occupations by exploiting individual-level survey data on crowdworkers belonging to the largest micro-task marketplaces, focusing on evidence from the United States and Europe. To match similar individuals, survey responses of crowdworkers from the US and EU have been harmonised with the American Working Conditions Survey (AWCS) and the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS). Our findings indicate that traditional workers retain a significant premium in their earnings with respect to online platform workers, and that those differences are not affected by the observed and unobserved ability of individuals. This holds true also taking into account similar levels of routine intensity and abstractness in their jobs, as well as the time spent working. Moreover, labour force in crowdworking arrangements appears to suffer from high levels of under-utilisation, with crowdworkers being more likely to be left wanting for more work than comparable individuals
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