1,721,000 research outputs found
Acceleration speed effect on triple jump.
No full textImpact of relevance. Studies have found that the results are determined by horizontal acceleration speed, resignation power and duration, resignation movements coordination (Streckis and others, 2002; Radžiukynas and others, 2003, 2004; Jusys, 2008; Radžiukynas, 2013). Investigations object - different level of triple jump sportsman, acceleration effect on the match results. Research purpose - diagnose acceleration effect for triple jump results. Tasks: 1. Diagnose and measure Kauno triple’s jumper velocity and rapidity power. 2. Diagnose triple jumper velocity and rapidity power indicator’s connection with match results. 3. Compare the results of different age, different abilities of triple jumpers from Lithuania and other Baltic states and test their acceleration speed and tournaments results. 4. Diagnose the acceleration speed and its effect for triple jump results for best triple jumpers in Lithuania. Methodology of investigation. The following research methods were used in the work: * - analysis and synthesis of literature sources, * - Analysis of the LLAF competition protocols, * - Testing, * - statistical analysis. Results of the research: The results of the triple competition in Kaunas were equal to the limits of the division I and the candidate for the sports masters. The results of the speed and speed tests showed that the testers descend into the recommended simulation indicators in sports literature. The correlation between the test speeds and speed tests of the athletes tested and the results of the triple-to-race competition revealed a close relationship between the results of the race with the triple-kilo from the local, the jump from the local average and the average - with a jump up from the local index. A higher adult athlete speed has been set in the last 5-10 m running stages. A strong correlation between the results of the adult triple-competitions competition was found with the last 10 m, penultimate 5 m and the last 5 m running speed. The correlation of the results of the youth race with the acceleration in the last 10 m running speed was moderate or weak. The correlation between the result of the strongest Lithuanian triple jumper competition was determined with the last 10 m and the last 5 m running speed and the average correlation with the penultimate with a speed of 5 m. One can draw a general conclusion from our study that the speed of a high degree of excellence in trilateral parties strongly influences the outcome of their competition
The effect of aerobic exercise on the respiratory and cardiac systems of people with schizophrenia and of schizophrenia in physiotherapy.
No full textResearch problem: How do the cardiovascular and respiratory system and schizophrenia symptoms of individuals with schizophrenia change after completing an aerobic exercise program? Aim of the study: To determine the effects of aerobic exercise on the respiratory and cardiac systems of people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia in physiotherapy. Objectives of the study: 1. To assess the effect of aerobic exercise in the experimental group on the respiratory and cardiac systems and schizophrenia in people with schizophrenia. 2. To assess the effect of aerobic exercise in the control group on the respiratory and cardiac systems and schizophrenia in people with schizophrenia. 3. To compare the effect of aerobic exercise in the experimental and control groups on the respiratory and cardiac systems and schizophrenia in people with schizophrenia. Research hypothesis: We hypothesize that aerobic exercise in people with schizophrenia improves the respiratory and cardiac systems and alleviates the symptoms of schizophrenia. Methodology of the research: SBP assessment, HR assessment, blood oxygen level assessment, respiratory rate assessment, Hench test, assessment of maximal air expiratory, chest excursion assessment, 6 minute walk test assessment, brief clinical assessment scale for schizophrenia. Results: In a study of people with schizophrenia, it was found that participants in the experimental group had a statistically significant increase in blood oxygen levels before aerobic exercise on day 1, it was 96,1±1,2 %SpO₂, and after the intervention on day 20 it was 97,4±1,4 %SpO₂ (p0,05). The data of the control group participants did not differ statistically significantly (p>0,05). When comparing both groups, 3 statistically significant indicators were found in HR measurements (p0,05). Conclusions: It was found that the respiratory system and heart rate improved statistically significantly more in the experimental group than in the control group, and the indicators of the brief clinical assessment scale for schizophrenia were statistically significantly different in the experimental group, but there was no significant difference between the groups
Effects of different plyometrics exercises on power, agility and speed of youth football players.
No full textThe aim - to determine the effect of different plyometrics exercises on the power, agility and speed of youth football players Tasks: 1. To identify and evaluate the impact of vertical plyometrics on the speed, agility and power of youth football players; 2. To find out the influence of horizontal plyometrics on the speed, agility and power of youth football players; 3. To compare the different effects of plyometrics training on the speed, agility and power of youth football players. Methods of the analysis: 1) vertical jump with arms swing; 2) horizontal broad jump 3) 10 m sprint 4) 30 m sprint 4) change of direction (zig zag test). Results: The obtained results show that the largest changes in vertical jump occurred in the group of horizontal plyometrics- 6.87%, and in the group of vertical plyometrics- 1.81%. The results of the horizontal broad jump test were almost no different between the horizontal (4.15%) and vertical (4.21%) plyometrics training groups. The change in 10 m sprint results in the horizontal and vertical plyometrics groups (-6.89 and -5.86%, respectively) was calculated. The 30-meter running test was dominated by subjects in the vertical plyometric group, whose test result decreased by -2.87%, and the 30-meter running group decreased by -2.80% in the horizontal group. The results of the zig zag test between the groups were not statistically significant, but when comparing the results before and after 5 weeks of different plyometrics protocols, change of direction changes were observed in the horizontal and vertical plyometrics groups (-1.59 and 1.85%, respectively). Conclusions: 1. The application of the vertical pliometrics method statistically significantly (p <0.05) improves the performance of the horizontal, 30-meter and zig-zag tests, but does not affect the results of the 10-meter and vertical jump tests with arms swing. 2. Application of horizontal pliometrics method statistically significantly (p <0.05) improves performance of vertical, horizontal, 10 meter, 30 meter and zig zag tests. 3. Comparing the physical parameters of young footballers between the vertical and horizontal pliometrics groups, no statistically significant changes were observed
Patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis ability voluntary activate quadriceps femoris muscle during isometric workload.
No full textIn this research we made an attmept to assess men and women diagnozed with multiple sclerosis quadriceps femoris muscle power and muscle voluntary activation level depending on the time of the day. The purpose. To determine patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis ability voluntary activate quadriceps femoris muscle during isometric workload. Aims 1. To assess men and women right and left legs involuntary muscle power during initial electrostimulation appliance. 2. To assess men and women right and left legs electrostimulation 100 Hz (involuntary) muscle power during 2 min. isometric workload. 3. To assess men and women right and left legs voluntary muscle activation level during 2 min. isometric workload. 4. To assess men and women right and left legs muscle maximal voluntary power during 2 min izometric workload. Research Methods. In this research took part Multiple Sclerosis Society of Kaunas District “OREMUS” patients. Research was performed in LAPE “Human Motorics Laboratory”. Men (n=6), women (n=6). Men age average in years 48,4±7,6, inch – 176,0±5,5, weight – 75,4±15,3, women age average. 47,2±6,8, inch – 167,5±4,5, weight – 70,2±11,6. The applied tests methods were isokinetic dynamometry (Biodex Medical System 3, New York), electrostimulation (twitch interpolation). Body fat, weight, thus other indexes were assesed by bioelektronical impedans analyses method with Body composition analyzer TBF-300“ (TANITA). Conclusions. This research dislosed, that men diagnosed with multiple scerosis indexes of involuntary muscle power during initial electrostimulation, involuntary muscle power, voluntary muscle activation level thus muscle maximal voluntary power during isometric workload are higher then women and are dependent of the time of the day. Men are able to activate quadriceps femoris muscle higher
Effectiveness of closed and open kinetic chain exercises in correcting strength, tone and endurance of tibial flexor and extensor muscles in patients after meniscular tear.
No full textProblem of the study. Meniscus is one of the most injured structures in knee joint. Every year 6 of 1000 people of word popularity is diagnosed with meniscular tear. It is 4 times more common among men than in women. Closed kinetic chain (CKC) or open kinetic chain (OKC) exercises can be used for effective quadriceps and biceps femoral muscle strengthening, muscle tone correction, and muscle endurance training(Sullivan et al, 2018). CKC exercises are safer than OKC exercises and are therefore more often recommended for rehabilitation after meniscus rupture. The aim of study: to evaluate the effectiveness of open and closed kinetic chain exercises in correcting strength, tone and endurance of tibial flexor and extensor muscles in patients after meniscal tear. Objectives of study: 1. To evaluate strength of tibial flexor and extensor muscles for patients after meniscal tear at the beginning and at the end of study 2. To evaluate muscle tone of tibial flexor and extensor muscles for patients after meniscal tear at the beginning and at the end of study 3. To evaluate endurance of tibial flexor and extensor muscles for patients after meniscal tear at the beginning and at the end of study 4. To do the comparative analysis between two experimental groups. The object of the study: the effectiveness of open and closed kinetic chain exercises in correcting strength, tone and endurance of tibial flexor and extensor muscles in patients after meniscal tear. Hypothesis. Closed kinetic chain exercises will have positive effect in correcting strength, tone and endurance of tibial flexor and extensor muscles for patients after meniscal tear. Methods: 1. VAS pain evaluation scale; 2. Muscle functional capability test; 3. Statical endurance evaluation of tibial flexors and extensors; 4. Evaluation of knee joint flexion and extension movement amplitude; 5. Subjective evaluation of knee joint function; 6. Evaluation of volume of injured knee joint; 7. Mathemathic statistical analysis of data. Results. There were no significant differences between the groups in muscle strength, tone, and static endurance at the beginning of the study (p> 0.05). At the end of the study, when analyzing the results of muscle functional capacity and static endurance, statistically significant differences were found between the study groups (p <0.05). Study group II treated with closed kinetic chain exercises performed better than study group I treated with open kinetic chain exercises. There were no statistically significant differences in muscle tone between groups at the end of the study. Conclusion: Tibial flexors and extensors muscle strength and endurance was more significantly improved in subjects after closed kinetic chain exercises. Muscle tone improvement was similar in both groups
Effects of physiotherapy for hip joint function and pain after different types of hip replacement.
No full textThe purpose: to determine and compare the effects of kinesiotherapy after mechanical and cement replacements. Research Methods: All participants were selected after total hip mechanical or cement replacement surgeries. Participants’ age and weight were not considered. One of the main purposes of the study was to determine the strength of muscles, range of motion of the thigh and the change in pain level after kinesiotherapy was applied. Research results: The results were compared between the groups with cement and mechanical replacements. Analysis was done, on how many men and women after kinesiotherapy improved in muscle strength, range of motion of the thigh and pain levels. All indicators were improved after kinesiotherapy. Most of the results were statistically significant (p <0.05). Findings: After kinesiotherapy was applied, all post mechanical and cement replacement women’s and men’s range of motion, muscle strength results improved and the pain levels decreased. The results were significantly better in group after hip joint replacement with cement; especially results improved in thigh’s extension and abduction movements, pain level was significantly reduced. Although after hip arthroplasty in group with cement replacement the results improved, but not in all areas, so we cannot make conclusion, that replacement with cement is better
Influence of physiotherapy on muscular change after meniscal tear of knee joint.
No full textThe aim: to determine influence of physiotherapy on muscular changes after meniscal tear of knee joint. Methods: the study involved 10 men aged 35-45, who had been diagnosed meniscal tear of knee joint. Leg function was evaluated using Lysholm Knee Scoring scale, leg strength was evaluated by Lovett test, range of motion of shank was measured by goniometer and grasp of the thigh was evaluated with centimetric tape. Patients were tested two times : before physiotherapy and after physiotherapy. Results: statistically significant (p0.05). Conclusions: 1. Physiotherapy is statistically insignificant on grasp of the thigh evaluated in pacients after arthroscopic knee surgery. 2. Physiotherapy is significant on range of motion, muscle strenth and leg funcion in pacients after arthroscopic knee surgery 3. After physiotherapy between two legs (operative and healthy) differences were statistically significantly reduced
World champion's Andrius Gudžius body dynamics of the physical development and results reduction in the age.
No full textTopicality. It is known that the discus throw competitions result is most influenced by discus throwing technique - discus exhaust speed, angle and height, and other technical parameters (Maeda et al., 2016; Leigh, & Yu, 2007). However, for purposeful preparation discus throwers, it is important to systematically evaluate the physical fitness and determinants of elite athletes (Lees, 1999; Alekna, 2009). The object of the study is the results of physical fitness and competition of the World discus throw champion Andrius Gudžius. The aim of the study - Determine and analyze the dynamics of the physical fitness and outcomes of the World Champion Andrius Gudžius in the age aspect. Tasks: 1. Determine the dynamics of Andriaus Gudžius physical fitness and race performance at the 14-17 year old stage. 2. To determine the dynamics of Andrius Gudžius physical fitness and the results of the competition throughout the entire current sports career. 3. Compare the results of the physical fitness and competitions of the most capable Lithuanian discotheques. The methods of study: Analysis and synthesis of literature sources; analysis of competitions protocols; testing; statistical analysis. Research results: After analyzing the dynamics of A. Gudžius physical fitness and competitions results at the age of 14-17, it was found that the triple-jump from the stand and 5-kg ball dropping back and forth tests was the largest increase in results at the of 14-15 years, while the long jump from the stand and stalk pressure tests - at the age of 15-16. Most of the competition was at the age of 16 and reached the best result in the middle of the season - 61.59 m. At the age of 17 the athlete's personal best increased to 65.06 m and the Lithuanian youth record was reached. Analyzing A. Gudžius physical fitness and competitions results from the beginning of the career to the World Champion's winning, there was a higher increase in the number of jumps, ball rolling and stamping pressure at the age of 15-19. The only result in the ball dropping back increased at the age of 19-26. The athlete achieved his best career result at the age of 26 when he became the world's adult champion in that season. Comparing the results of physical fitness and competitions of the most powerful Lithuanian discus throwers, it was found that the most sudden forces and strength indicators were in the Olympic champion R. Ubartas, and only a hand muscle strength squeeze from the chest - twice the Olympic champion V. Alekna. A. Gudžius still descends to physical fitness for older athletes
Amžiaus ir lyties poveikis nuovargiui bei atsigavimui po maksimalių valingų izometrinių blauzdos tiesiamųjų raumenų susitraukimų.
No full textNeuromuscular fatigue can be defined as an exercise-induced fall in the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force (Allman & Rice, 2002; Boyas & Guével, 2011; Enoka & Duchateau, 2008; Gandevia, 2001). Researchers, investigating fatigability, draw attention to decreasing physical activity in humans (Doherty, 2003; Fitts, 2008). Thus, we may predict increased motor system central and peripheral fatigue in the future, which can impair the quality of everyday and working life in the human population. Furthermore, it is noted, that more and more people are engaged in monotonous work activity requiring repeated muscle contractions or prolonged abnormal posture maintenance (Latash, 2008). Such activity increases local muscle fatigue and possibility of injury (Gorianovas et al., 2013; Skurvydas et al., 2011; Stone et al., 2012). It is well known that males can generate a higher absolute muscle force than females (Thompson et al., 2007; Yoon et al., 2007; Wust et al., 2008), but young females are less fatigable than young males when performing specific similar-intensity isometric-fatiguing tasks (Enoka & Duchateau, 2008; Hunter, 2014). However, the studies on sex differences in fatigue induced by isometric contractions among old adults are limited and may conflict with the results of those of young adults (e.g., Hunter et al., 2004b). A number of studies on sex differences in fatigue have proven lower force reduction in maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) in females compared with males (Critchfield & Kravitz, 2008; Enoka & Duchateau, 2008; Enoka & Fuglevand, 2001; Fulco et al., 2001; Hicks et al., 2001; Hunter, 2014; Hunter et al., 2004b; Russ et al., 2008; Russ & Kent-Braun, 2003; Thompson et al., 2007; Yoon et al., 2007; Wust et al., 2008). However, with increased intensity of exercise sex differences in fatigability diminish (Yoon et al., 2007). In accordance with the absolute strength differences in the quadriceps femoris muscle observed between males and females (Hunter, 2014; Mcphee et al., 2014), we hypothesized (Hypothesis I) that when performing relatively short duration of 15 s and 30 s sustained maximal isometric contraction, there would be no sex differences in central and peripheral fatigue. In addition, there is evidence that when performing relatively long duration isometric MVC, males experience higher central activity deterioration, which can affect greater force decrements in males than in females (Martin & Rattey, 2007; Russ & Kent-Braun, 2003), thus we expected that during relatively longer duration of 60 s and 120 s sustained isometric MVC, greater fatigue resistance, but slowed recovery would be exhibited by females compared to males. Based on previous studies (Hunter et al., 2004a; Mcphee et al., 2014), it can be suggested that sex- and age-dependent fatigue differences depend on the muscle group tested. Sex differences were observed during elbow flexion at submaximal intensity exercise among young but not old adults (Hunter et al., 2004a); in contrast, during knee extension, lower fatigability of females was observed in both age groups (Mcphee et al., 2014). Moreover, it can be suggested that sex- and age-dependent fatigue differences depend on the contraction intensity and specifics of the task. It is known that females can maintain continuous and inter¬mittent muscle contractions at low to moderate intensities longer than males (Clark et al., 2005; Fulco et al., 2001; Hunter et al., 2004a; Russ et al., 2008; Russ & Kent-Braun, 2003; Thompson et al., 2007; Yoon et al., 2007; Wust et al., 2008). In contrast to submaximal intensity exercise (Hunter et al., 2004b), for elbow flexors at maximal intensity exercise, old females exhibit lower fatigability compared with age-matched males (Bilodeau et al., 2001a). Although aging is accompanied by substantial reductions in muscle mass and strength (Allman & Rice, 2002; Avin & Frey Law, 2011; Christie et al., 2011; Hunter et al., 2000), old adults can sustain a relative submaximal force for a longer duration than young adults (Hunter et al., 2004a). However, findings on quadriceps muscle fatigue after maximal isomeric contractions (MVC) are controversial (Allman & Rice, 2002; Avin & Frey Law, 2011; Christie et al., 2011). In addition, we have not found any studies showing whether age and sex affect fatigability for knee extension at maximal intensity. Previous studies indicated that the reduction in MVC force was lower and fatigue resistance was greater in old compared with young adults, particularly during sustained isometric contraction (Avin & Frey Law, 2011; Christie et al., 2011), with delayed (Dalton et al., 2010a; Hunter et al., 2008; Yoon et al., 2012) or similar (Allman & Rice, 2001; Yoon et al., 2013) recovery observed in old compared with young adults. Moreover, old females appear to demonstrate greater endurance than old males during relatively long duration exercise (Hicks & McCartney, 1996). In contrast, during relatively short-duration exercise, force variation in a force-matching task is clearly negatively impacted by task complexity in the old adults (Avin & Frey Law, 2011). In addition, due to lower MVC in not fatigued state of old adults, muscle acute consequences of muscle fatigue after short time exercise are greater in young than in old adults (Foulis, 2013). Due to the ambiguous findings, we expected (Hypothesis II) that when performing relatively short duration of 15 s and 30 s sustained isometric MVCs young adults could experience similar fatigue consequences compared with old subjects. In contrast, during relatively long duration of 60 s and 120 s sustained isometric MVC, greater fatigue resistance would be observed in old adults than in young, with appearing sex differences. In addition, we predicted that recovery would be impeded by greater central fatigue, i.e., greater fatigue and lower recovery, in old adults. It is well established that fatigue may arise due to failure at one or more sites along the pathway of force production from the central nervous system (i.e. causing central fatigue) to the contractile apparatus (i.e. causing peripheral fatigue) (Allman & Rice, 2002; Boyas & Guével, 2011; Enoka & Duchateau, 2008; Gandevia, 2001). Along with the lack of clarity regarding the effects of age and sex on the neuromuscular fatigue, the mechanisms of these differences have not been well established. We found only one study that assessed age and sex effect on fatigue evoked by a sustained isometric maximum contraction. Bilodeau et al. (2001) found similar peripheral fatigue degree (excitation-contraction coupling, neuromuscular propagation and metabolite build-up) for young and old age groups, with greater males’ peripheral fatigue (metabolite build-up). However, in this study fatiguing exercise did not evoke central fatigue (failure of voluntary activation) in young adults and about half of old adults, thus we are not aware if a greater degree of fatigue causing failure in both sites of force production (central and peripheral) would lead to similar conclusions. Recovery after fatiguing exercise remains a largely unexplored aspect of fatigue in advanced age (Thompson et al., 2015; Yoon et al., 2012). Since daily routines consist of repeated series of activity followed by rest, it is highly important to understand how muscle recovers from fatigue, particularly when muscle power has been shown to be related to function and balance (Foulis, 2013). Thus, understanding the process of recovery from muscle fatigue will help in preventing decline in physical function in old adults. Previous study by Hunter et al. (2008) showed that old adults demonstrated slower recovery compared with young adults after sustained isometric MVC because of greater central fatigue. In contrast, Bilodeau et al. (2001a) found no age differences in recovery. Since both studies were performed on the elbow flexors (Bilodeau et al., 2001a; Hunter et al., 2008), understanding the behavior of other muscle groups, such as whether these effects were also observed on knee extensors after sustained isometric MVC, remains limited (Thompson et al., 2015). It is suggested that MVC recovery relies more on central fatigue, especially among old adults (Bilodeau et al., 2001b; Hunter et al., 2008; Yoon et al., 2012). We are not aware of any age-related differences regarding central fatigue caused by maximal-effort isometric knee extensor contraction, especially after various duration protocols; however, in accordance with the responses of other muscle groups to isometric sustained MVC, greater central fatigue can be expected among old adults (Bilodeau et al., 2001a; Hunter et al., 2008). Moreover, for the knee extensors, the greater fatigability observed among males compared with females during maximal sustained contraction is associated with a larger loss of voluntary activation among young adults (Martin & Rattey, 2007). Thus, the aim of the study was to assess the effects of sex and age on fatigue and recovery from various duration sustained maximal-effort isometric contractions of the knee extensors. Research objectives: 1. To identify and compare the effect of age and sex on central and peripheral fatigue and recovery variables from 15 s sustained maximum isometric contractions. 2. To identify and compare the effect of age and sex on central and peripheral fatigue and recovery variables from 30 s sustained maximum isometric contractions. 3. To identify and compare the effect of age and sex on central and peripheral fatigue and recovery variables from 60 s sustained maximum isometric contractions. 4. To identify and compare the effect of age and sex on central and peripheral fatigue and recovery variables from 120 s sustained maximum isometric contractions. Originality, novelty and practical significance of the study Most of the research in the field of the motor system central and peripheral fatigue is conducted in males; thus, our general understanding of fatigability and the effects of prevailing mechanisms is based on the context of the male response (Avin & Frey Law, 2011; Christie et al., 2011; Dalton et al., 2010a; Hunter et al., 2008; Yoon et al., 2013). Our study is the first that addresses differences between males and females of different age regarding responses to evoked neuromuscular fatigue and recovery after four different durations sustained fatiguing MVJ’s of quadriceps muscle. Nevertheless, we have not found any studies showing whether different age and sex elicit differences in fatigability for knee extension at maximal intensity. In addition, our study complements to limited understanding of sex differences in fatigue induced by isometric contractions among old adults, which may conflict with observed young adults’ results. Motor performance declines with advanced age and this process is accelerated at the very old age (70 yr), involving muscles that are weaker, slower, less powerful, less steady, and more fatigable during high-velocity dynamic tasks (Foulis, 2013). The reduced maximal power of lower-extremity muscles is predictive of functional performance and disability, with less understanding of the predictive strength of other aspects of motor performance, including steadiness and fatigability, thus providing opportunities for high-impact studies (Hunter et al., 2008; Hunter et al., 2016). There was a need to elucidate the specific mechanisms within the central and/or peripheral nervous system that contribute to evoked changes so that rehabilitation or training interventions could be targeted to the appropriate source(s) based on age and gender. Therefore, we considered that it was important to compare central (CAR and electrical activity amplitude, as an indicator of neural drive (Allman & Rice, 2002; Enoka & Duchateau, 2008; Gandevia, 2001; Kent-Braun & Le Blanc, 1996; Wang et al., 2015)) and peripheral factors (electrically evoked forces and their contractile properties (Allman & Rice, 2002; Enoka & Duchateau, 2008)) that contribute to fatigue and recovery. The results of this study may prove valuable in developing interventions to find the most suitable duration and intensivity of muscle contractions that may prevent the decline in muscle power, and ultimately preventing physical disability, in old adults.We hope that our findings will help for a deeper understanding of age and sex related differences during fatiguing state and will serve as a constituent for further research on sex and age differences in the motor system central and peripheral fatigue. Conclusions 1. The first experiment reports on mechanisms underlying age- and sex-related fatigue differences during maximal-effort 15 s isometric contraction of knee extensor muscles. The effect of fatiguing contraction was greater in old adults’ central fatigue compared to that of young adults with no differences in peripheral fatigue. Age differences in fatigability following 15 s fatiguing contractions were more dependent on central mechanisms, whereas old adults (both males and females) exhibited greater central fatigue than young adults. No sex differences of central and peripheral fatigue were observed in all groups. No significant age or sex differences were established in recovery following 15 s fatiguing protocol. 2. The second experiment reports on mechanisms underlying age- and sex-related fatigue differences during maximal-effort 30 s isometric contraction of knee extensor muscles. The effect of fatiguing contraction was greater in young females and old males compared to young males and old females. Central fatigue of old females was mostly impaired. Sex differences in fatigability were more dependent on central mechanisms, whereas young females and old males exhibited greater peripheral fatigue than young males and old females. No age- or sex-differences in peripheral fatigue were observed in all groups. Recovery of central fatigue following fatiguing protocol was impaired among old females compared with other groups. 3. The third experiment reports on mechanisms underlying age- and sex-related fatigue differences during maximal-effort 60 s isometric contraction of knee extensor muscles. The effect of fatiguing contraction was greater in young adults’ central and peripheral fatigue compared to those of old adults. Sex differences in fatigability were more dependent on peripheral mechanisms, whereas males exhibited greater peripheral fatigue than females. No significant age- or sex-differences were established in recovery following 60 s fatiguing protocol. 4. The fourth experiment reports on mechanisms underlying age- and sex-related fatigue differences during maximal-effort 120 s isometric contraction of knee extensor muscles. The effect of fatiguing contraction was greater in young adults’ central and peripheral fatigue compared to those of old adults. Sex differences in fatigability were more dependent on peripheral mechanisms, whereas males exhibited greater peripheral fatigue than females. Recovery of maximal torque following 120 s fatiguing protocol was slowed among old adults compared with young adults, and was associated with slower recovery of central voluntary activation in old adults and with slower recovery of low-frequency fatigue in young adults
The influence of physiotherapy on the muscle alteration after joint meniscus tear in knee.
No full textThe aim of the study: to evaluate the influence of physiotherapy on muscle alteration after joint meniscus tear in knee. Methods: Ten patients of the research were diagnosed with a joint meniscus tear in knee. All the participants in the research were the subject to a physiotherapy program in the hall. Motion amplitudes were measured before and after physiotherapy by using goniometry, whereas muscle strength was measured by using the Lovett scale. In addition, Keitel index was modified to assess the functional state of the leg. Results: the participants of the research, after the physiotherapy program, noticed that both the femoral muscle strength and the functional status of the leg were statistically significantly improved. Also, the amplitude of the bend and straightening of the calf was improved. But, statistically significant changes were found only in the crural flexion amplitude. Conclusions: 1. After the physiotherapy, an increase of the crural flexion amplitude following a joint meniscus tear in knee has been determined. There was also an increase in the lengthening of the calf, but there was no significant change; 2. It has been determined that physiotherapy has had a positive effect on the changes of the femoral muscle strength after a joint meniscus tear in knee; 3. It has been determined that physiotherapy helps to restore the functional state of the legs after a joint meniscus tear in knee
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