1,721,013 research outputs found
Social law status of professional football players
Full text linkMagistrsko delo obravnava položaj poklicnih nogometašev, ki ga ti zasedajo v socialnih zavarovanjih v Sloveniji. Profesionalni nogometaši delo opravljajo v različnih oblikah in tako ne tvorijo homogene kategorije. Večina profesionalnih nogometašev v Sloveniji je samozaposlenih, kar predstavlja posebno težavo tudi z vidika socialne varnosti.
Delo obsega analizo socialnih zavarovanj in izpostavlja razlike, izhajajoče iz pravnih podlag zavarovanja nogometašev. Oblike dela poklicnih nogometašev pogojujejo razpon pravic iz socialnih zavarovanj, pri čemer so najugodnejše obravnavani zaposleni nogometaši. V delu so izpostavljeni nekateri dejavniki, ki utegnejo prispevati k izravnavi razlik v položaju vseh poklicnih nogometašev, ki izhajajo iz socialnih zavarovanj. Profesionalni nogometaši so deležni tudi nekaterih posebnih ukrepov, ki jim jih država namenja kot športnikom. Avtor ugotavlja, da so ti praviloma namenjeni najuspešnejšim športnikom ter športnikom individualnih športov, ob tem pa jih spremljajo tudi številne težave. Zakonodaja ne predvideva ukrepov, ki bi zajeli poklicne nogometaše v celoti.The Master\u27s thesis adresses the position that professional football players hold in social insurances in Slovenia. Professional footballers perform their job in different forms of work and therefore do not constitute a homogeneous group. Football players in Slovenia are predominantly self-employed, subsequently causing a particular issue also in terms of social security.
The thesis comprises an analysis of social insurances and highlights differences, arising from the legal basis of football players insurance. The forms of work determine the range of social security rights, whereby the employed footballers enjoy more favourable treatment than the rest. The thesis points out certain factors that are likely to contribute to balance the differences among football players, deriving from social insurances. Professional footballers also benefit from certain specific measures that the State provides for them as athletes. Author notes, that the State\u27s measures mainly target the most successful athletes and athletes in idividual sports and are also accompanied by numerous issues. Current legislation does not provide for measures covering all professional football players
Coordination of social security systems of Slovenia and those of former Yugoslavian countries
Full text linkSvoboda gibanja spada med temeljne človekove pravice. Te pravice je le izjemoma mogoče omejiti. Zaradi želje po boljšem življenju, ob razvoju globalizacije, se ljudje vse pogosteje selijo in zaposlujejo v tujini. Večja mobilnost družbe je vplivala tudi na razvoj prava socialne varnosti, ki je prav zaradi migracij moral v smer vse višje ravni mednarodnega sodelovanja. V ta namen države sklepajo mednarodne sporazume s področja socialne varnosti, ki omogočajo, da osebe, ki dopolnijo dobo v različnih državah, pridobijo pravice s področja socialne varnosti, v enaki meri in pod enakimi pogoji kot osebe, ki dobo dopolnijo le v eni državi in uživajo pridobljene pravice zunaj domače države. Same pravice še vedno urejajo zakonodaje posameznih držav. Znotraj Evropske unije to področje urejajo koordinacijske uredbe, ki povezujejo različne sisteme socialne varnosti držav članic, ne uvajajo pa novih pravic, saj je materialno pravo prepuščeno posameznim državam članicam.
Z namenom varovanja svojih državljanov ter zaradi ekonomskih interesov, države sklepajo tudi bilateralne sporazume z državami izven Evropske unije. Dvostranski ali bilateralni sporazumi, ki jih sklepa Slovenija morajo biti seveda skladni z evropskim pravnim redom. Od vseh sklenjenih bilateralnih sporazumov, so najpogosteje uporabljeni sporazumi sklenjeni z državami bivše Jugoslavije, na podlagi katerih so varovane pravice delavcev, ki so dopolnili zavarovalno dobo v državah pogodbenicah.
V magistrskem delu je obravnavano področje uporabe bilateralnih sporazumov v kombinaciji s slovenskim oziroma evropskim pravnim redom, saj so v realnosti pogoste tudi kombinacije dopolnjene zavarovalne dobe v več državah Evropske unije ter državah, s katerimi ima Republika Slovenija sklenjene mednarodne sporazume.Freedom of movement is considered a fundamental human right. These rights can only be restricted in exceptional cases. Due to the development of globalization and people’s desire for a better life, people have increasingly started to move and work abroad. Society’s greater mobility has also had an impact on the development of social security law which, due to the increasing number of migrations, needed to increase the level of international cooperation. To this end, Member States conclude international agreements in the field of social security which allow persons who complete the required years of service in different countries to acquire social security rights to the same extent and under the same conditions as persons who complete their years of service in a single country, and to enjoy vested rights outside of their home state. The rights themselves are still governed by individual countries’ legislations.
Within the European Union, the field of social security is regulated by the Coordination Regulations, linking the various social security systems of the Member States. However, these regulations are not permitted to introduce new rights, as substantive law is left to be determined by individual Member States. In order to protect their citizens and due to economic interests, countries also conclude bilateral agreements with countries outside the European Union. Bilateral agreements concluded by the Slovenia must, of course, be in line with the Union acquis. Of all the bilateral agreements concluded, which protect the rights of workers who completed periods of insurance in the Contracting States, the most frequently used are those concluded with the countries of the former Yugoslavia.
This master\u27s thesis deals with the scope of bilateral agreements in combination with the Slovenian and Union acquis, as in practice, combinations of completed insurance periods are also common in several European Union countries as well as countries with which Slovenia concluded international agreements
The Role of Expert Opinions in the Exercise of Social Security Rights
Full text linkPri uveljavljanju socialnovarnostnih pravic pogosto pomembno vlogo igrajo tudi izvedenski organi, ki ob strokovnem (najpogosteje zdravstvenem) pregledu podajo izvedensko mnenje, ki nato služi kot podlaga za odločitev organa o tem, ali bo ugodil zahtevi in zavarovancu podelil določeno pravico, ki mu pripada iz naslova socialnega zavarovanja. Pravna teorija in praksa pogosto izpostavljata številne pomisleke v zvezi s primernostjo trenutne ureditve položaja in pristojnosti tovrstnih izvedenskih organov, kar je v preteklosti že vodilo v poskuse oblikovanja enotnega izvedenskega organa, ki bi bil pristojen za podajo izvedenskih mnenj v vseh postopkih uveljavljanja socialnovarnostnih pravic na območju Slovenije. Z uvedbo takšnega organa bi se tako zagotovilo večje spoštovanje načela enakosti orožij, zaradi usklajenega sodelovanja bi se zmanjšalo število dolgotrajnih bolniških staležev in se tako hitreje identificiralo točko, v kateri je zdravljenje zavarovanca zaključeno, poleg tega pa bi uvedba takšnega enotnega izvedenskega organa pripomogla k hitrejšemu odločanju o socialnovarstvenih pravicah.
Magistrsko delo analizira trenutno ureditev položaja, imenovanja in načina dela izvedenskih organov ter v nadaljevanju izpostavi aktualne probleme, do katerih v zvezi z izvedenskimi organi prihaja v praksi. Na podlagi navedenega so oblikovani predlogi izboljšav, implementacija katerih bi se lahko izvedla z ustanovitvijo enotnega izvedenskega organa, ob koncu pa je orisana tudi idejna zasnova takšnega telesa.In the exercise of social security rights, certain expert bodies play an important role. They are competent to conduct a professional (most frequently medical) examination of the insured person and to consequently adopt an expert opinion, which later serves as a basis for the competent body\u27s decision on whether to grant the application and confer on the insured person a certain social security right, to which they are entitled to under the social insurance. Several concerns have been expressed both in legal theory and practice with regard to the adequacy of the current regime of status and competence of such expert bodies, which has led to the attempts to introduce a single expert body that would be competent to issue expert opinions in all procedures regarding the exercise of social secuity rights in the Republic of Slovenia. Introduction of such body would provide for a greater respect for the principle of the equality of arms, while coordinated cooperation could lead to a faster identification of the point in which the medical treatment of the insured person is completed, which would reduce the number of long-term sick leaves. Enforcement of such body would also speed up the decision-making process.
The thesis analyses the current regime of status, appointment and working methods of expert bodies and further highlights the current issues, which are occurring in practice. On this basis, improvements are proposed, the implementation of which could be carried out with the introduction of a single expert body. Finally, an outline scheme of such body is illustrated
Problems of occupational insurance in the Republic of Slovenia
No full textPoklicno zavarovanje predstavlja pomemben del pokojninskega zavarovanja in s tem sistema socialne varnosti v Republiki Sloveniji. Delavcem, ki delo opravljajo na posebno težkih oziroma zdravju škodljivih delovnih mestih, ter delavcem, ki opravljajo delo, ki ga po določeni starosti ni več mogoče uspešno poklicno opravljati, omogoča zgodnejši odhod iz trga dela in jim zagotavlja vir finančne stabilnosti v obdobju do izpolnitve pogojev za starostno upokojitev in tudi po tem. Poklicno zavarovanje v Sloveniji poznamo že več desetletij, vendar na žalost večina sistema v tem času ni bila nikoli prilagojena novim razmeram na trgu dela ali pa te, v zakonu predvidene prilagoditve, nikoli niso bile uresničene.
Zaradi vedno večje zastarelosti, nejasne zakonodajne ureditve in neuresničitve predvidenih rešitev so se v sistemu poklicnega zavarovanja začele pojavljati številne težave, kot so neustreznost seznama delovnih mest, neplačevanje prispevkov ter neskladje med pravicami iz obveznega in poklicnega zavarovanja.Occupational insurance is an important part of the wider pension and social security system in the Republic of Slovenia. It enables workers who work in particularly difficult or hazardous jobs and workers who perform work that can no longer be done successfully after a certain age to leave the labour market earlier and provides them with a source of financial stability in the period until they meet the conditions for regular retirement and after retirement. The system has been in place in Slovenia for several decades, but unfortunately most of the system has never been adapted to the new labour market conditions, or the adaptations foreseen in the law have never been implemented.
Due to increasing obsolescence, unclear legislative regulation, and the failure to implement the proposed solutions, numerous issues have begun to emerge in the occupational insurance system, such as the inadequacy of the list of job positions, non-payment of contributions, and discrepancies between the rights from mandatory and occupational insurance
Migrant workers and their social rights
Full text linkDanes se ves svet spopada s pojavom globalizacije, ki zajema velik porast delovnih migracij. Delavci zapuščajo predvsem države v razvoju in iščejo priložnosti v visoko razvitih državah, te države pa se v določenih sektorjih srečujejo prav s pomanjkanjem delovne sile. Prihod delavcev migrantov pomeni za njih spopadanje z nemalo težavami, ena izmed pomembnejših je njihova vključitev v sistem socialne varnosti in pridobivanje pravic iz tega sistema. Države po svetu se v ureditvi socialne varnosti in vrst pravic močno razlikujejo, pogosto delavcem migrantom ne nudijo socialne varnosti oziroma je ta zelo omejena, pogosto pa so deležni tudi diskriminacije v primerjavi z državljani države, ki ni njihova država izvora.
Mednarodna skupnost si prizadeva za izboljšanje socialnega položaja delavcev migrantov in v ta namen Organizacija združenih narodov, Mednarodna organizacija dela, Svet Evrope in Evropska unija sprejemajo instrumente, ki državam nalagajo obveznosti za zaščito delavcev migrantov. Poleg konvencij, priporočil in uredb so pomemben instrument še sporazumi s področja socialne varnosti, ki jih sklepajo dve ali več držav med seboj in s tem poskušajo zaščiti svoje državljane, ki se zaposlijo v državi pogodbenici.Nowadays the whole world is facing the phenomenon of globalization, which includes large increase in labour migrations. Workers mainly leave developing countries and search for opportunities in highly developed countries, and in the same time, highly developed countries have labour shortages in certain sectors. Migrant workers face many difficulties in new countries, one of the most important is their inclusion in the social security systems and acquisition of rights from those systems. Countries around the world vary widely in social security schemes and types of rights, often not providing those rights or provide them in very limited scope, and even discriminating migrant workers.
The international community tries to improve the social status of migrant workers. The United Nations, the International Labour Organization, the Council of Europe and the European Union adopt and develop instruments to impose obligations on Member States to protect migrant workers. In addition to conventions, recommendations and regulations, countries conclude bilateral agreements, which are an important instrument as well. With agreements, states provide agreed level of social security to workers from contracting state and protect its own national who leaves its territory to work abroad
REGULATION UPDATES ON ENSURING THE SAFETY AND HEALTH OF WORKERS WHEN MOVING LOADS MANUALLY
No full textDiplomsko delo analizira spremembe, ki jih je prinesel novi Pravilnik o zagotavljanju varnosti in zdravja delavcev pri ročnem premeščanju bremen (Uradni list RS, št. 84/23, 98/23 in 47/24 -popr.), ter jih primerja z določbami starega pravilnika iz leta 2005.
V delu so predstavljeni ključni vsebinski poudarki novega pravilnika, med katerimi izstopajo širša opredelitev kostno-mišičnih obolenj, podrobneje določene obveznosti delodajalcev in uvedba novih metod za ocenjevanje tveganj. Pravilnik prinaša tri priloge, ki vključujejo dejavnike tveganja, presejalni test in metodologijo ocenjevanja s pomočjo metod ključnih kazalnikov (MKK).
V okviru diplomske naloge je bila izvedena anketa med strokovnjaki za varnost in zdravje pri delu, ki je pokazala, da večina strokovnjakov ocenjuje spremembe kot pozitivne, a hkrati opozarja na preobsežno metodologijo, pomanjkanje praktičnih usmeritev ter potrebo po večji podpori delodajalcem pri izvajanju novih zahtev v praksi. Rezultati kažejo na dobro splošno seznanjenost s spremembami pravilnika, vendar tudi na različne izzive pri njegovi implementaciji.
Delo zaključuje z ugotovitvami in predlogi za izboljšave, ki bi lahko prispevali k učinkovitejšemu in enotnejšemu izvajanju pravilnika v delovnih organizacijah.The thesis analyses the changes introduced by the new Regulation on Ensuring the Safety and Health of Workers in Manual Handling of Loads (Uradni list RS, št. 84/23, 98/23 in 47/24 -popr.) and compares them with the provisions of the previous regulation from 2005.
The work presents the key content highlights of the new regulation, including the broader definition of musculoskeletal disorders, more precisely defined employer obligations, and the introduction of new methods for risk assessment. The regulation introduces three annexes that cover risk factors, a screening test, and a risk assessment methodology based on Key Indicator Methods (KIM).
As part of the thesis, a survey was conducted among occupational health and safety experts, revealing that most experts view the changes positively. However, they also point out that the methodology is overly complex, lacks practical guidelines, and requires greater support for employers in implementing the new requirements in practice. The results indicate good general awareness of the regulation’s changes but also highlight various challenges in its implementation.
The thesis concludes with findings and recommendations aimed at supporting more effective and consistent application of the regulation across different organizational environments
Coordination of Pension Systems in the European Union
No full textS pokojnino se zagotavlja ekonomska blaginja posameznikom, ki zaradi starosti niso več zmožni opravljati pridobitne dejavnosti oziroma se to od njih ne pričakuje več. Pravica do pokojnine je kot temeljna človekova pravica izrecno omenjena v 50. členu Ustave in v okviru pravice do socialne varnosti ter pravice do zasebne lastnine tudi v različnih mednarodnih pravnih aktih. Zgodovinsko so države pravico do pokojnine pogojevale z načelom teritorialnosti, ki pa v sodobni in izrazito globalni družbi ne zagotavlja več ustreznega varstva pravice do pokojnine delavcem, ki tekom svoje aktivne dobe delo opravljajo v več različnih državah. Z namenom učinkovitega uresničevanja svobode gibanja delavcev kot ene izmed štirih temeljnih svoboščin notranjega trga EU so se v pravu EU izoblikovali mehanizmi povezovanja sistemov socialne varnosti. Krovna uredba na področju koordinacije sistemov socialne varnosti je Uredba (EU) 883/2004, ki ureja tudi povezovanje obveznih pokojninskih zavarovanj in drugih pokojninskih z zakonom ustanovljenih pokojninskih zavarovanj. Splošna koordinacijska uredba sicer ne posega v vsebino nacionalnih pokojninskih sistemov, ampak vsebuje le formalna pravila, ki urejajo stik s tujim pravom (kolizijske norme). Vsaka država članica EU torej še vedno ohranja posebnosti svojega pokojninskega sistema, saj gre za njihovo povezovanje in ne poenotenje. Dodatna pokojninska zavarovanja niso zajeta v splošno koordinacijsko uredbo. Zanje veljajo direktive, s katerimi se s pomočjo določanja minimalnih standardov dosega delno poenotenje dodatnih pokojninskih zavarovanj. Same določbe glede povezovanja dodatnih pokojninskih zavarovanj pa so izjemno skope in zajemajo zgolj napotene delavce. Z namenom zagotavljanja večje fleksibilnosti na trgu dodatnih pokojninskih zavarovanj je bila leta 2019 sprejeta Uredba (EU) 2019/1238, ki uvaja vseevropski osebni pokojninski produkt. Z njo se Evropejcem daje na voljo poseben produkt dodatnega individualnega pokojninskega zavarovanja, ki ga je v primeru selitve mogoče prenesti iz ene države članice v drugo.Pensions provide economic well-being for individuals who are no longer able or expected to work and earn an income due to old age. The right to a pension is a fundamental human right, explicitly mentioned as such in Article 50 of the Constitution. It is also included in various international legal instruments in the context of the right to social security as well as the right to private property. Historically, states have conditioned the right to a pension on the principle of territoriality. In a modern and highly global society the principle of territoriality no longer provides adequate protection of the right to a pension for migrant workers who work in several different states in the course of their career. Mechanisms for the integration of social security systems have been developed in EU law in order to effectively implement the freedom of movement for workers, which is one of the four fundamental freedoms of the EU internal market. The general regulation for the coordination of social security systems is Regulation (EU) 883/2004, which includes integration of statutory pension schemes and other statutory pension schemes. However, General Coordination Regulation does not interfere with the content of national pension systems, but only contains formal rules governing contact with foreign law (conflict-of-law rules). Each EU Member State therefore still retains the specific features of its own pension system, as the purpose of respective regulation is integration and not unification of national social security systems. Supplementary pension schemes are not included in the General Coordination Regulation. They are regulated by directives, which achieve partial harmonization of supplementary pension schemes through the setting of minimum standards. Yet the integration of supplementary pension schemes is extremely modest, covering only posted workers. In order to provide more flexibility in the supplementary pension market, Regulation (EU) 2019/1238, introducing the Pan-European Personal Pension Product, was adopted in 2019. It provides a specific supplementary individual pension insurance product that can be transferred from one Member State to another in the event of relocation
Reconciling work and private life by comparing the Slovenian and Spanish systems
No full textV magistrski nalogi sem se osredotočila na predstavitev Direktive Evropske Unije o usklajevanju poklicnega in zasebnega življenja staršev in oskrbovalcev in novosti, ki jih z uveljavitvijo prinašata v zakonodajni sistem Slovenije in Španije. Usklajevanje poklicnih in zasebnih obveznosti je izjemno zahtevna naloga. Skrbstvene obveznosti so po zaslugi v družbi močno zakoreninjenih stereotipov tradicionalnih vlog družbe, še vedno glavna naloga žensk, ki opravljajo to neplačano delo. Zaradi neprilagodljivosti in nerazumevanja trga dela za njihove skrbstvene potrebe družine, ženske sprejmejo odločitev, da zmanjšajo svojo prisotnost na trgu dela ali pa iz njega celo izstopijo. Ta odločitev ima negativne posledice na njihovo finančno samostojnost tekom vseh obdobij življenja. Soočene so tudi z manjšimi možnostmi kariernega napredka in povečanim tveganjem revščine v času starosti.
EU je s to direktivo naslovila izziv starajočega prebivalstva in pa želela spodbuditi vrnitev žensk na trg dela z oblikovanjem očetovskega, starševskega, oskrbovalskega dopusta, ki omogočajo večjo vpletenost drugega starša / druge osebe pri vzgoji oz. skrbi za ostale člane družine in pri delitvi gospodinjskih opravil. Magistrska naloga prikaže tudi sedanjo ureditev zadevnih dopustov v Sloveniji in Španiji in se opredeli do sprememb v obeh nacionalnih zakonodajah, ki so posledica implementacije direktive.In my master thesis I focused on the presentation of the EU Directive on the reconciliation of professional and private life of parents and carers and the innovations it brings to the legislative system in Slovenia and Spain. Reconciling family and professional commitments can be a difficult task. Caring responsibilities are still, thanks to the stereotypes of traditional social roles that are deeply rooted in society, the main task of women who carry out this unpaid work. The inflexibility and lack of understanding of the labour market with regard to their family care needs leads them to reduce their presence in the labour market or even to withdraw from it. This decision has negative consequences for their financial independence throughout their lives. They also face reduced career prospects and an increased risk of poverty in old age.
With this Directive, the European Union has addressed the challenge of an ageing population and has sought to encourage women\u27s return to the labour market by creating paternal, parental and carers leave schemes that allow for greater involvement of the other parent(s) in bringing up or caring for the other members of the family and in sharing household chores. The Master\u27s thesis also outlines the current family leave arrangements in Slovenia and Spain and discusses the changes in both national legislations as a result of the implementation of the directive
The right to social security for exchange students
Full text linkKoordinacija sistemov socialne varnosti omogoča študentom na izmenjavi, da so glede uresničevanja pravice do socialne varnosti, če je to potrebno, izenačeni s študenti države gostiteljice. Na področju obveznega zdravstvenega zavarovanja to pomeni, da lahko v tujini uveljavljajo pravico do nujne oziroma potrebne zdravstvene pomoči v enakem obsegu in za enake stroške kot zavarovanci te države. Pri tem je treba upoštevati, da je uveljavljanje storitev mogoče le v sklopu javnih zdravstvenih ustanov. V zasebnih ustanovah so študenti obravnavani kot samoplačniki, vendar lahko po vrnitvi v domovino na podlagi ustrezne dokumentacije zahtevajo povračilo stroškov. Če v matični državi niso obvezno zavarovani, so se dolžni zavarovati v državi gostiteljici. Obvezno zdravstveno zavarovanje v državi gostiteljici je pogoj za študente, ki opravljajo praktični del študija ali delo preko pooblaščenih organizacij. Na področju družinskih dajatev, do katerih je študent upravičen, velja pravilo vezanosti na kraj študentovega stalnega prebivališča, ki se v času študija v tujini praviloma ne spreminja. Glavno vodilo pri uveljavljanju pravic iz sistema socialne varnosti vseeno ostaja zmožnost samozadostnosti študenta in njegove družine, da se ne obremenjuje sistem socialne varnosti države gostiteljice.Social security coordination makes it possible for exchange students to exercise (to an extend that is necessary) the right to social security equally as host country\u27s students do. In the light of mandatory health insurance this means that exchange students can assert their right to medical assistance to the same extend as insured people of host country. It should be noted that healthcare as such can only be provided in a public healthcare institutions. In the private ones, on the other hand, the payment is required. Students can then request the reimbursement of the healthcare expenses in their own country. In case of not being a part of any mandatory healthcare insurance at all, student must purchase one in a host country. The following is also obligatory when students are being part of compulsory practical part of studies, or when they apply for any kind of student work. The payment of family benefits, which the students are entitled to, depends on their residence, which remains the same during the exchange. The key principle, when putting social security rights into force, still remains the capability of students\u27 (and their family members\u27) self-sufficiency, for the purposes of not putting any burden on social security system of the host country
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