563 research outputs found
Author Index
No full textAuthor Index (10 pages)
A-Z
A
Acker, N. E., 130, 154 Adair, F. L., 51, 52, 57,68,87,89, 114 Adams, H. E., 125, 151 Adams, K. M., 13,37,51,59, 68 Agras, W. S., 136, 137, 151 Alessi, S. M., 209, 221 Algozzine, B., 19,37 Aikin, M. C., 204, 219, 221 Allen, B. A. , 12,41 Allred, L. J., 249, 253 Allusisi, E. A., 156, 174 Alpert, D., 149, 150 Altman, H., 49, 71 Anastasi, A., 77, 114 Andl, R., 129, 151, 239, 242 Anderson, B. N., 52, 68 Anderson, C. L., 201, 224 Anderson, R. J., 201, 221 Anderson, T., 126, 142, 150 Andolina, M., 12, 37 Angle, H. Y., 129, 130, 143, 150, 151 Anthony, W. Z., 51 , 68, 71 Arkes, H. R., 20, 21,37 Arter, J. A., 177, 195 Aschbacher, P., 203, 204, 208,213, 216,217,221 Athey, E. B., 50,70
...
Y/Z
Yager, G. G., 12,42 Yen, W. M., 251, 254 Yoes, M. E., 246, 253 Ysseldyke, J. E., 19,37,38
Zachary, R., 229, 243 Zimmerman, 1.,17,3
Author Index
No full textAuthor Index (10 pages)
A-Z
A
Acker, N. E., 130, 154 Adair, F. L., 51, 52, 57,68,87,89, 114 Adams, H. E., 125, 151 Adams, K. M., 13,37,51,59, 68 Agras, W. S., 136, 137, 151 Alessi, S. M., 209, 221 Algozzine, B., 19,37 Aikin, M. C., 204, 219, 221 Allen, B. A. , 12,41 Allred, L. J., 249, 253 Allusisi, E. A., 156, 174 Alpert, D., 149, 150 Altman, H., 49, 71 Anastasi, A., 77, 114 Andl, R., 129, 151, 239, 242 Anderson, B. N., 52, 68 Anderson, C. L., 201, 224 Anderson, R. J., 201, 221 Anderson, T., 126, 142, 150 Andolina, M., 12, 37 Angle, H. Y., 129, 130, 143, 150, 151 Anthony, W. Z., 51 , 68, 71 Arkes, H. R., 20, 21,37 Arter, J. A., 177, 195 Aschbacher, P., 203, 204, 208,213, 216,217,221 Athey, E. B., 50,70
...
Y/Z
Yager, G. G., 12,42 Yen, W. M., 251, 254 Yoes, M. E., 246, 253 Ysseldyke, J. E., 19,37,38
Zachary, R., 229, 243 Zimmerman, 1.,17,3
Identification and characterization of thiamine biosynthesis, transport, and regulation elements among bacteroides species
No full textThiamine (vitamin B1) is an essential cofactor for all organisms. Humans primarily acquire thiamine through their diet and thiamine deficiencies have adverse neurological effects. However, the role gut microbes play in modulating thiamine availability is poorly understood. In addition, little is known about how thiamine, the Bacteroidetes ability to biosynthesize and transport thiamine, or the regulation of biosynthesis and transport impacts the stability of microbial gut communities and human health as a whole.
To investigate the role thiamine plays in the gut we leveraged in silico analyses of gut microbial species to determine prominent strategies utilized to attain thiamine. In addition, we have identified the genetic content and operon structure of thiamine transport and biosynthesis across the prominent gut phylum, Bacteroidetes. Along with the bioinformatic methods, RNAseq revealed differential responses to exogenous thiamine by three abundant Bacteroides species. This is highlighted by the global down-regulation of thiamine and amino acid biosynthesis, central, and purine metabolism when thiamine was present in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. In contrast Bacteroides uniformis and vulgatus show a much more reserved transcriptomic response to exogenous thiamine.
In order to build upon these data, we leveraged genetic mutants of thiamine biosynthesis and transport loci in B. thetaiotaomicron. These analyses determined both systems were critical for growth in thiamine-deficient medium. The defect in the double transport mutant suggests an uncharacterized feedback mechanism between thiamine transport and biosynthesis in B. thetaiotaomicron. Along with the phenotypic analysis of thiamine acquisition operons in B. thetaiotaomicron we investigated how these deletions impacted its fitness in thiamine deplete and replete conditions.
Building on the phenotypic analysis in B. thetaiotaomicron we turned our attention to the conserved regulatory TPP riboswitches preceding thiamine biosynthesis and transport genes in B. thetaiotaomicron, B. uniformis, and B. vulgatus utilizing transcriptional and translational reporter assays. These assays have shown a clear regulatory hierarchy between thiamine biosynthesis and transport pathways. In addition, trends in TPP riboswitch distance from their predicted regulon points to the mechanism of regulation (transcriptional or translational) and warrants further investigation.
Together, these data show that thiamine acquisition mechanisms and their regulation are critical to physiology and fitness among the Bacteroidetes. In addition future work may provide insight into modeling how other gut microbes respond to the shifting availability of thiamine in the gut and how to therapeutically alter the gut microbiota from a dysbiotic state to a non-disease state.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2020-12-01The student, Zachary Costliow, accepted the attached license on 2018-07-26 at 09:46.The student, Zachary Costliow, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2018-07-26 at 09:51.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2018-07-27 at 09:15.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #12961 on 2019-02-08 at 11:37:30Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-08T18:39:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Diuretic Therapy for Patients With Heart Failure JACC State-of-the-Art Review
No full textExpansion of extracellular fluid volume is central to the pathophysiology of heart failure. Increased extracellular fluid leads to elevated intracardiac filling pressures, resulting in a constellation of signs and symptoms of heart failure referred to as congestion. Loop diuretics are one of the cornerstones of treatments for heart failure, but in contrast to other therapies, robust clinical trial evidence to guide the use of diuretics is sparse. A nuanced understanding of renal physiology and diuretic pharmacokinetics is essential for skillful use of diuretics in the management of heart failure in both the inpatient and outpatient settings. Diuretic resistance, defined as an inadequate quantity of natriuresis despite an adequate diuretic regimen, is a major clinical challenge that generally portends a poor prognosis. In this review, the authors discuss the fundamental mechanisms and physiological principles that underlie the use of diuretic therapy and the available data on the optimal use of diuretics.Felker, GM (reprint author), Duke Clin Res Inst, 200 Morris St, Durham, NC 27705 USA.
[email protected]
Supplement Series for the Journal of Religion & Society
No full textThe article affirms that the contemporary ecumenical agreements (especially between Roman Catholics and Lutherans) are the result of extensive study and exhaustive dialogue at an institutional level. The author’s thesis pushes back against a particular claim that these contemporary ecumenical breakthroughs are the result of a progressive, liberal attitude that is dismissive of the importance of rigorous doctrine. The author argues that, in the cases he presents, the ecumenism of the twentieth and twenty-first century is actually most faithful to the processes and insights of confessional dialogue in the sixteenth century. It is not a devaluation of doctrine but the decoupling of church and state as a context for these dialogues that offers the greatest cause for why more recent dialogues have met with more success than dialogues in the past. |Keywords: Lutheran, Roman Catholic, Ecumenism, Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification, From Conflict to Communion, colloquy, Regensburg, Formula of AgreementReligion and Reform79-891
Dynamic reliability and security monitoring: a virtual machine approach
No full textWhile one always works to prevent attacks and failures, they are inevitable and situational awareness is key to taking appropriate action. Monitoring plays an integral role in ensuring reliability and security of computing systems. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) clouds significantly lower the barrier for obtaining scalable computing resources and allow users to focus on what is important to them. Can a similar service be offered to provide on-demand reliability and security monitoring?
Cloud computing systems are typically built using virtual machines (VMs). VM monitoring takes advantage of this and uses the hypervisor that runs VMs for robust reliability and security monitoring. The hypervisor provides an environment that is isolated from failures and attacks inside customers’ VMs. Furthermore, as a low-level manager of computing resources, the hypervisor has full access to the infrastructure running above it. Hypervisor-based VM monitoring leverages that information to observe the VMs for failures and attacks. However, existing VM monitoring techniques fall short of “as-a-service” expectations because they require a priori VM modifications and require human interaction to obtain necessary information about the underlying guest system. The research presented in this dissertation closes those gaps by providing a flexible VM monitoring framework and automated analysis to support that framework.
We have developed and tested a dynamic VM monitoring framework called Hypervisor Probes (hprobes). The hprobe framework allows us to monitor the execution of both the guest OS and applications from the hypervisor. To supplement this monitoring framework, we use dynamic analysis techniques to investigate the relationship between hardware events visible to the hyper-visor and OS constructs common across OS versions. We use the results of this analysis to parametrize the hprobe-based monitors without requiring any user input. Combining the dynamic VM monitoring framework and analysis frameworks allows us to provide on-demand hypervisor based monitors for cloud VMs.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2018-12-01The student, Zachary Estrada, accepted the attached license on 2016-10-10 at 09:21.The student, Zachary Estrada, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2016-10-13 at 14:06.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2016-10-17 at 08:32.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #10179 on 2017-02-28 at 14:36:04Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-01T16:36:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5
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Previous issue date: 2016-10-17Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 98574
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Spectrality in the works of Christoph Ransmayr
No full textSubmission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2025-10-19 without embargo termsThe student, Zachary Hader, accepted the attached license on 2025-04-16 at 14:58.The student, Zachary Hader, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2025-04-16 at 15:05.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2025-04-17 at 16:22.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #21800 on 2025-10-19 at 18:18:21My dissertation examines novels by contemporary Austrian author Christoph Ransmayr (1954– ) to demonstrate that the literary-cultural figure of the “specter” is more multifaceted than previously thought, and is still helpful for understanding the ways in which the past and future are mediated in the present, perhaps especially in a hypermedial, information-flooded era. My readings are informed by the “spectral turn” in critical theory, which began with the publication of Jacques Derrida’s Spectres of Marx (1992). Scholars in myriad fields have since used a concept of spectrality based at least loosely on Derrida’s work to better understand textual relationships between past, present, and future; see e.g., Julian Wolfreys, Meera Atikinson, and Grace M. Cho. I modify current generalized notions of spectrality and argue that there are at least three types of specters in literature: 1. the ghost, i.e., the living embodiment of a dead person/thing; 2. the meta-specter, who appears through mediated means, e.g. through writing; 3. the mytho-specter, who exists in myth or in other narrations of collective cultural memory. These spectral types all appear in Christoph Ransmayr’s novels and help us better understand his postmodern negotiation of the relation between pasts and presents. Scholars of the specter should find these distinctions useful as it can provide a way for them to distinguish between various types of specters as well as show the ways in which they may be similar. My reading of Atlas of an Anxious Man (2012) demonstrates how specters enable a better understanding of the text’s relationship with history, mourning, and myth. Turning to The Flying Mountain (2006), I examine linguistic spectrality and its relation to present re-representations of past trauma. I then examine Ransmayr’s historical fiction, including The Dog King (1997), to show how the specter influences and is influenced by history. Finally, I examine his latest novel, The Lockmaster (2021), to illuminate the relation between spectrality and the Gothic. These readings all aim to further the understanding not just of the cultural figure of the specter, but also of Ransmayr’s works. Scholars of Ransmayr as well as of spectrality should find this project useful in showing the various ways in which Ransmayr utilizes the figure of the specter and the ways in which messages are passed throughout differing temporalities in his works
Fashions and fads in finance: contingent emulation and the political economy of sovereign wealth fund creation. IHS Political Science Series No. 131, July 2012
No full textSovereign wealth funds (SWFs), government-owned or managed investment vehicles, have proliferated at a remarkable rate over the past decade, even as political controversy has surrounded them. Why? The extant literature depicts the process of SWF creation as driven by functional imperatives associated with “excess” revenue and reserves accumulated from commodity booms and large current account surpluses. I argue that SWF creation also reflects in large part a process of contingent emulation in which first this policy has been constructed as appropriate for countries with given characteristics, and then when countries took on these characteristics, they followed their peers. Put simply, fashions and fads in finance matter for policy diffusion. I assess this argument using a new dataset on SWF creation that covers nearly 80 countries from 1984 to 2007. The results suggest peer-based contingent emulation has been a crucial factor shaping the decision of many countries to create a SWF, especially among fuel exporters.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, DC, 2 – 5 September 2010. The author would like to thank Eric Neumayer for his many suggestions and comments on previous versions of the manuscript. The author would also like to thank Zachary Elkins for sharing data. Finally, the author would like to acknowledge the research assistance of Natali Bulamacioglu and Christopher Gandrud
Rat Model of Late Gestational Alcohol Exposure Produces Similar Life-Long Changes in Thalamic Nucleus Reuniens Following Moderate- Versus High-Dose Insult
No full textThis is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in Alcohol and Alcoholism following peer review. The version of record Zachary H Gursky, Anna Y Klintsova, Rat Model of Late Gestational Alcohol Exposure Produces Similar Life-Long Changes in Thalamic Nucleus Reuniens Following Moderate- Versus High-Dose Insult, Alcohol and Alcoholism, 2022; agac008, https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agac008 is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agac008. This article will be embargoed until 03/08/2023.Aims:
Recent studies have recognized that thalamic nucleus reuniens (Re) undergoes substantial neuron loss following alcohol exposure (AE) during the brain growth spurt (BGS). As all previous studies have utilized high-dose AE paradigms, we tested whether moderate-dose AE is capable of damaging Re to a similar degree as high-dose AE.
Methods:
We used a rat model of third-trimester binge AE (relative to human pregnancy) to administer ethanol to rat pups at either a high (5.25 g/kg/day) or moderate (3.00 g/kg/day) dose during the BGS (postnatal days [PD] 4–9) via intragastric intubation. In adulthood (i.e. PD72), we quantified the volume of Re as well as the total number of neurons and non-neuronal cells in the nucleus (which were further divided into microglia versus ‘other’ non-neurons), using unbiased stereological estimation of cells identified with immunofluorescent markers (i.e. nuclear label Hoechst, neuron-specific protein NeuN, and microglia-specific protein Iba1). Data were analyzed both between-treatment and correlated with peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC).
Results and conclusions:
We observed significant neuronal and non-neuronal cell loss in both the high-dose and moderate-dose AE groups (relative to both procedural control and typically-developing control groups), which mediated reductions in Re volume. Outcomes did not correlate with peak BAC, further supporting that Re is vulnerable to AE-induced neurodegeneration at lower doses than previously suspected. Given the role that Re has in coordinating prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, the current study highlights the role that thalamic damage may play in the range of behavioral alterations observed in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders.This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism [R01 AA027269 to A.Y.K. and R21 AA026613 to A.Y.K.] and Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Honor Society [Grants in Aid of Research (GIAR) program award to ZHG]
Evaluation of select fiber and carbohydrate sources as functional ingredients in canine diets
No full textEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 117262
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Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemAuthor requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemLimitedDietary fiber is among the most popular ingredients for functional claims within companion animal nutrition and as such, has been highly researched in recent years. Various characteristics of fibers such as fermentability, viscosity, solubility, and physio-chemical structure results in different physiological effects including caloric dilution, blunting of postprandial responses, and modulation of gut microbiota and metabolites. These functionalities, alongside the humanization and premiumization of the pet food market, make fibers a prime target for microbial research and, subsequently, parameters of host health. However, the fermentation characteristics and health parameters of ancient grains as well as commercial yeast-derived beta-glucans is limited in current literature.
The overall objective of this research was to evaluate various carbohydrate and fiber sources for use in canine diets, including ingredient chemical composition and fermentation profiles, and their effects on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), fecal characteristics, microbial community and metabolites, post-prandial blood metabolite kinetics, and overall potential immune modulatory effects. Our first aim was to establish the differences between fiber quantification methods and their subsequent effect on metabolizable energy calculations. We evaluated diets of client-owned, osteoarthritic animals that were derived from previous research. Our second aim was to establish nutrient and fermentative profiles using canine fecal inoculum in a three-stage, batch, in vitro model. We evaluated a variety of novel ancient grains and legumes. Our third aim was to determine the effects of these ancient grains in vivo on apparent total tract digestibility, fecal characteristics, microbial populations and fermentative end-products, and post-prandial glucose and insulin responses. We evaluated a 40% inclusion of four novel ancient grains in extruded diets compared to an extruded rice-based control diet and a six-hour post-prandial glucose and insulin response was generated on the final day of each period. Our fourth aim was to determine the effects of a purified yeast-derived beta-glucan commercial product in vivo on apparent total tract digestibility, fecal characteristics, microbial community and fermentative end-products, and immunological parameters following a vaccination challenge. We evaluated a 150-ppm inclusion both in the formulation of a retorted diet, as well as top-dressed on a control diet and challenged the immune system with a canine Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccination.
In our first aim, we determined that fiber content of canine diets measured via crude fiber or total dietary fiber differed, which have a significant impact on metabolizable energy (ME) calculation of pet foods. Presently, the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) only requires crude fiber to be reported on the guaranteed analysis of complete and balanced commercial diets, which typically results in an underestimation of the fiber content and ME of these diets. In our second aim, we determined that both ancient grains and legumes are nutrient-rich ingredient sources, each providing complex profiles of dietary fibers, sugars, and proteins. Pseudocereals and minor cereal grains (i.e., under-utilized cereal grains) contain the highest concentrations of free and hydrolyzed glucose, respectively, whereas legumes contain predominantly sucrose and stachyose. Ancient grains began displaying large increases in fermentative end-products (e.g. volatile fatty acids and gas production) after 6 h and, overall, had fermentation profiles that did not differ from beet pulp. In vitro, legumes displayed a slower fermentative profile, which may have implications on the ratios of saccharolytic vs. proteolytic fermentation towards the distal colon in vivo. However, this needs to be tested. In our third aim, we demonstrated similar beneficial effects on fermentation in vivo of select ancient grains from aim two. Apparent total tract digestibility of macronutrients were consistently greatest (P 0.05) by ancient grain inclusion. The addition of ancient grains beneficially shifted the fecal microbial population, with increases in the relative abundances of butyrogenic bacteria observed for OG and reduction in Fusobacteriaceae for both diets containing amaranth (AM) and OG when compared with CON. These ingredient sources can safely be included up to 40% of dietary matrix with no detrimental effects on host health or macronutrient digestibility. In our fourth and final aim, we determined that a 150-ppm inclusion of the commercial yeast beta-glucan product had no detrimental effects on ATTD, and fecal characteristics and metabolites were unaffected. Inclusion of the beta-glucans in the retorted diet formulation resulted in a greater (P < 0.05) digestible energy and ATTD of dry matter and crude protein than the control diet, with top-dressing beta-glucan being an intermediate. Immunological parameters were unaffected as well and, thus, the effects of the retorting process on the stability of this yeast-based beta glucan ingredient cannot confidently be reported.
This research provides data for the present discussions on fiber content in guaranteed analysis label requirements of complete and balanced diets. This research established in-depth nutrient profiles and fermentation characteristics of novel carbohydrate and fiber ingredients and demonstrated beneficial effects on host health and fecal microbiome. Together, these findings provide knowledge on fibrous ingredient sources with the most promising beneficial effects observed in ancient grains, specifically, amaranth and oat groats. However, further research is needed to determine the potential health benefits of these fiber sources in diets for weight management or obese dogs, as well as potential synergistic effects of fiber blends for use in canine nutrition.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2022-12-01The student, Zachary Traughber, accepted the attached license on 2020-08-27 at 10:44.The student, Zachary Traughber, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2020-08-27 at 11:24.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2020-08-31 at 11:01.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #15785 on 2021-03-04 at 16:30:09Made available in DSpace on 2021-03-05T21:45:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2020-08-3
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