2,165 research outputs found
Migration flows in the Euro-Mediterranean region. The case of Italy
No full textThis chapter aims to futher our knowledge of migration, with particular reference to Italy. With the outbreak of the 2008 crisis, precisely because much of the youth work was based on flexible contracts, the unemployment rate doubled in seven years, exceeding 12% in 2013. In March 2014, 3.248 million people were out of work (almost 1.5 million more than in 2008). Among them, young people were the group most affected by the economic crisis and the loss of work: between 2008 and 2014, according to ISTAT data, the employment rate of people under 35 decreased by more than 10 percentage points - from 50.3 to 39.1%. However, after that negative peak, the employment rate of 15-34 years old has only very slightly improved to 40.8% today (2019). It is no coincidence that since 2008 Italian emigration has started to increase again. In 2014 Italian newspapers began to highlight the departure of more than 80,000 peopple from the country: “a city like Udine or La Spezia was emptied in the space of a year”. But this was just the beginning, as emigration soared in successive years
Migrants in Europe: From a production factor to social actors
No full textMigration is a constant feature of the human species and has been an intrinsic characteristic of the world population to the present day. With the onset of the second industrial revolution, new technologies
allowed modern means of transportation to connect the world and create a global labour market. The number of people moving across the world soared and was supported by the fact that restrictions on migrants were virtually non-existent. In the interwar period, both the United States and most Latin America and European receiving countries introduced stricter immigration laws and quotas on the number of incomers. Since then migration movements have become increasingly dependent on the laws and regulations of each single destination nation.
This book examines migration from, to and within Europe incorporating a variety of perspectives and applying a multidisciplinary approach
The economic bases of migration from Italy: the distinct cases of Tunisia and Libya (1880s–1960s)
No full textThe objective of this essay is to offer an original contribution to the issue of Italian migration to Africa from a historical-economic perspective. Our research will consider the motivations that led many Italians to emigrate to Tunisia and Libya and, secondly, it will explore what was the return path from Tunisia and Libya for Italian emigrants. The cases discussed investigate two different realities of Italian emigration, a ‘free’ migration toward a country colonised by others and a migration imposed and sponsored by the Italiangovernment. In the first case, we observed how Italians, particularly from the South and the islands, were predominantly drawn to Tunisia because the country was geographically close and offered good economic opportunities to Italian emigrants. In the case of Libya, the fascist colonial model aimed at creating settlements inhabited by Italians regardless of the real opportunities offered by the land to Italian migrants. The reasons behind the repatriations, in both cases, lie in the decolonisation of the African continent. The decolonisation process in both countries proceeded through a first phase where they privileged the recruitment of local or ‘African’ workforce rather than ‘foreign/Italian’ labourers, and a second phase that saw the requisition of all foreign assets and properties
Un viaggio di solo ritorno: migrazione e rientro degli italiani in Africa. Il caso di Tunisia e Libia
No full textQuesto lavoro vuole in parte offrire un contributo originale a livello di approccio storico-economico alla questione e in parte essere una sintesi su quanto già noto e abbondantemente studiato sull’emigrazione italiana nell’Africa mediterranea: si cercherà di valutare quali furono, in primis, le motivazioni che spinsero gli italiani a emigrare in Tunisia e Libia, se e cosa l’Africa a quel tempo poteva offrire in termini di migliori condizioni di vita e salariali e quale fu il percorso di ritorno dalla Tunisia e dalla Libia degli emigranti italiani
Un viaggio di solo ritorno: migrazione e rientro degli italiani in Africa. Il caso di Tunisia e Libia
No full textQuesto lavoro in parte vuole offrire un contributo originale a livello di approccio storico-economico alla questione e in parte essere una sintesi su quanto già noto e abbondantemente studiato sull'emigrazione ital8iana nell'Africa mediterranea: si cercherà di valutare quali furono in primis le motivazioni che spinsero gli italiani a emigrare in Tunisia e in Libia, se e cosa l'Africa a quel tempo poteva offrire in termini di migliori condizioni di vita e salariali e quale fu il percorso di ritorno dalla Tunisia e dalla Libia degli emigranti italian
La "diaspora italiana": l'emigrazione italiana in Argentina
No full textIl capitolo ha l'obiettivo di analizzare l'emigrazione italiana in Argentina tra gli anni Trenta e Settanta del secolo scorso. Il capitolo si focalizza sulle politiche migratorie, sui flussi migratori tra le due guerre e nel secondo dopoguerra e infine sul contributo degli emigrati italiani al settore industriale argentino
Mothering from afar: the subjective well-being of Eastern European migrants in Italy
No full textTransnational parenthood is a strongly gendered experience. Both emigrated women and men sustain their left-behind children’s needs through material provision and remittances. However, mothers in particular are expected to continue providing emotional care from a distance. Such pressure placed on migrant mothers is reported to negatively affect their well-being and limit their chances of integration in host societies. This chapter aims to provide the first quantitative appraisal on the relationship between transnational motherhood and Eastern European migrant women’s subjective well-being in Italy. By applying heteroskedastic ordered modelling to the Istat Survey on Social condition and integration of foreign citizens 2011-2012, twelve health-related subjective well-being indicators are analysed in relation to migrant women’s family status. Findings show that, compared to childless migrants and migrant mothers living with their children in Italy, transnational mothers suffer from lower subjective well-being in both the physical and the mental health domains. The chapter concludes by discussing the need to promote radical improvement in migration data production and collection by consistently assuming a transnational and gender-sensitive perspective in survey design to increase awareness of the gendered nature of many aspects of migration, including family relations across borders
Entrepreneurship and Immigrant Business Groups in the Italian Labour Market
No full textThe analysis of the characteristics of immigrant businesses, their spatial location and the unique dynamics of this increasingly important component of Italian trade, is essential in order to fully exploit the potential synergies created by the proliferation of entrepreneurial foreign nationals. This paper aims to contribute to the body of knowledge on the relationships between migration and economic development, and migration and entrepreneurs. Integrating sources of official data will illuminate the Italian experience over the last fifteen years
Immigration and sustainability of the pay-as-you-go social security system in Italy
No full textThe labor market is a privileged sector of analysis and represents the place of confrontation between immigrants and Italian society; it is also the area in which the contradictory nature of migration policies (Italian and European) emerges.
In Italy the working dimension plays an important role in the formation of social inequalities. To tackle the relationship between immigrants and the labor market, it is first of all necessary to identify the social dynamics that regulate the management of foreign labor on the Italian territory. This is because some factors linked to the labor market have had, over the years, a strong weight in the formation of inequalities: this is the case of the dynamics of access to employment, grading, mobility and salary remuneration. Most of the foreign workers are employed in the lower segments of the labor market, in sectors with high accident risk and low pay. Foreigners are over-represented in jobs such as agricultural laborers, cleaners, domestic workers, general workers and construction workers. Their concentration in these areas is the result of a typical segmentation of the contemporary labor market. In particular with regard to the female foreign population, labor inequality involving immigrants is a systematic inequality and permeates the entire work experience of this segment of the population. Demographic changes therefore have important implications on economic and social issues, in particular, also on the pension systems. It is crucial the role of demographic equilibrium in the sustainability of a pay-as-you-go pension system, where the pensions are mostly paid from the current contributions by the active age groups. Immigrants must be thought as a resource for stabilizing the population distribution in order to achieve the sustainability of the pay-as-you-go pension system. We extended the classical Leslie population growth model (built for insects) to a control-theoretical model, appropriate for dynamic simulation of the demographic background of a human population referred to pension system, in order to think of different scenarios with the presence of immigrants. The present work, also on the basis of the modified Leslie model, aims to contribute to the national and international debate on sustainability by combining socio-economic and actuarial issues with the logic of immigration policy in Italy and in Europe in a historical context full of changes
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