23 research outputs found
Towards external injection in laser wakefield acceleration
No full textIn laser wakefield acceleration (LWA) a plasma wave is driven by a high intensity ultra short laser pulse and the longitudinal electric fields in the plasma wave are used to accelerate electron bunches. Electrons with an appropriate kinetic energy, injected on the right phase of the plasma wave, get trapped by the plasma wave and are accelerated. This thesis investigates experimentally the feasibility of LWA with injected electron bunches produced by a radio frequency photogun. A laser system was developed which is able to focus 3 TW pulses on a spot with a 1/e2 radius of 40 µm and a shot-to-shot position stability of 4 µm. Accelerating distances exceeding the Rayleigh length of the laser are achieved by preforming the plasma density profile to obtain a collimated propagation of the laser pulse through the plasma (guided laser pulse). The laser pulses are guided over centimeter scale distances through a capillary discharge plasma with an on-axis electron density of ~1×1024 m-3. The guiding properties of the plasma channel were investigated. It is found that a second discharge current pulse through the plasma, ~1 µs after the primary discharge, improves the guiding properties considerably. The transmittance is higher (>90%), the guided laser spot is more cylindrically symmetric at the exit of the plasma channel and the time-window for guiding becomes approximately 10 times longer (~600 ns). An RF-photogun had been purpose-built as an injector of electrons into the plasma channel. Different properties of the RF-photogun and the electron bunches produced were measured to determine the optimal settings for LWA. For an electron bunch with 10 pC charge and 3.7 MeV kinetic energy, the energy spread is 0.5% and the transverse emittance is 1.9 µm. After focusing the electron bunch at the entrance of the plasma channel by a pulsed solenoid lens, the focal spot has an RMS radius (standard deviation) of 40 µm with a shot-to-shot position stability of 5 µm. The RMS length of this electron bunch, derived from simulations, is 400 fs at focus. The arrival time jitter between laser pulse and electron bunch at the entrance of the plasma channel was inferred from earlier work to be around 150 fs in the present setup. This implies consistent temporal overlap between the laser wakefield and the injected electron bunch. The shot-to-shot stability and focal spot of the laser pulse and electron bunch at focus shows that there is always good overlap in transverse direction between the injected electron bunch, the laser pulse and the plasma channel. Due to technical difficulties, the energy of the electrons from the RF-photogun was limited to 3.7 MeV. With this energy, the injector can serve for one particular version of laser wakefield acceleration, i.e. injection ahead of the laser pulse. Using the actually measured electron bunch parameters and simulating the injection of a 3.7 MeV electron bunch of 10 pC in front of a 25 TW laser pulse with a waist of 30 µm in a plasma with a density of 0.7×1024 m-3, the maximum accelerated charge was found to be 1.2 pC with a kinetic energy of ~900 MeV and an energy spread of ~5%. These results show that laser wakefield acceleration of electrons injected by an RF photogun is feasible
Gigahertz repetition rate thermionic electron gun concept
No full text\u3cp\u3eWe present a novel concept for the generation of gigahertz repetition rate high brightness electron bunches. A custom design 100 kV thermionic gun provides a continuous electron beam, with the current determined by the filament size and temperature. A 1 GHz rectangular rf cavity deflects the beam across a knife-edge, creating a pulsed beam. Adding a higher harmonic mode to this cavity results in a flattened magnetic field profile which increases the duty cycle to 30%. Finally, a compression cavity induces a negative longitudinal velocity-time chirp in a bunch, initiating ballistic compression. Adding a higher harmonic mode to this cavity increases the linearity of this chirp and thus decreases the final bunch length. Charged particle simulations show that with a 0.15 mm radius LaB6 filament held at 1760 K, this method can create 279 fs, 3.0 pC electron bunches with a radial rms core emittance of 0.089 mm mrad at a repetition rate of 1 GHz.\u3c/p\u3
Development of a low-emittance high-current continuous electron source
No full textThe Advanced Continuous-wave Electron injector aims to provide accelerator-based light sources with a high repetition rate and high average current electron beam. The injector consists of a DC thermionic gun generating a continuous electron beam, after which a radio-frequency (rf) cavity operating in dual mode at 1.5 and 3 GHz deflects the beam onto a knife-edge, creating a pulsed beam. A final rf cavity, also operating at 1.5 and 3 GHz, compresses the electron bunches for injection into a booster linac. The DC thermionic gun is fully operational and this paper presents the first results, demonstrating a continuous beam with a transverse emittance of 49±2 nm rad at 9.6 mA
Simulating the effects of timing and energy stability in a laser Wakefield accelerator with external injection
No full textOne of the most compelling reasons to use external injection of electrons into a laser wakefield accelerator is to improve the stability and reproducibility of the accelerated electrons. We have built a simulation tool based on particle tracking to investigate the expected output parameters. Specifically, we are simulating the variations in energy and bunch charge under the influence of variations in laser power and timing jitter. In these simulations a a0 = 0.32 to a0 = 1.02 laser pulse with 10% shot-to-shot energy fluctuation is focused into a plasma waveguide with a density of 1.0 × 1024 m-3 and a calculated matched spot size of 50.2 µm. The timing of the injected electron bunch with respect to the laser pulse is varied from up to 1 ps from the standard timing (1 ps ahead or behind the laser pulse, depending on the regime). The simulation method and first results will be presented. Shortcomings and possible extensions to the model will be discussed. © 2009 American Institute of Physics
Dual-mode cavity design for advanced continuous-wave electron injector
No full textThe Advanced Continuous-wave Electron (ACE) injector group at the Coherence and Quantum Technology (CQT) group of the Eindhoven University of Technology is developing a GHz repetition-rate electron injector where a low emittance and high repetition-rate are simultaneously required. The injector is based on a high-quality DC thermionic gun and two normal conducting RF cavities utilizing dual-mode resonance frequencies in the 1.5–3 GHz range. In the first phase, the installation and commissioning of ACE's electron gun were completed. In this next phase, two dual modes RF cavities are designed for chopping and compressing of a DC electron beam. This paper focuses on the RF design and measurements of these cavities, demonstrating the claimed quality and performance
