187 research outputs found
Representational Dynamics Simulator
No full textThis app is hosted at Heroku, and is based on the work in Higgins et al. (2022).
Please cite as: Van Es, M.W.J., Higgins, C., Quinn, A.J., Vidaurre, D., Gould Van Praag, C.D., Fabus, M.S., Woolrich, M.W. (2022). Representational Dynamics Simulator. Zenodo. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.6579997.
In this simulator we illustrate the relationship between the frequency content of a (neural) signal and the subsequent decoding accuracy metrics when we use instantaneous signal decoding.
We simulate two conditions across two channels, each of which are made up out of a maximum two frequency components. The frequencies and the amplitudes in each condition and channel can be changed using the sliders. Example 1/2 can be toggled to see the examples corresponding to figure 2 in Higgins et al (2022). We can see that when we use instantaneous signal decoding, the information content oscillates with twice the original frequency.
App created by Mats W.J. van Es, 2022, Copyright University of Oxford.
Author contributions (CRediT):
Conceptualization: Mats W.J. van Es, Cameron Higgins
Data curation: Mats W.J. van Es
Formal analysis: Mats W.J. van Es
Funding acquisition: Diego Vidaurre, Mark W. Woolrich
Investigation: Mats W.J. van Es, Cameron Higgins
Methodology: Mats W.J. van Es, Cameron Higgins
Project administration: Mats W.J. van Es
Resources: Mats W.J. van Es, Cassandra D. Gould Van Praag, Marco S. Fabus
Software: Mats W.J. van Es, Cassandra D. Gould Van Praag, Marco S. Fabus
Supervision: Mark W. Woolrich
Validation: Mats W.J. van Es, Cameron Higgins, Andrew J. Quinn, Mark W. Woolrich
Visualization: Mats W.J. van Es
Writing - original draft: Mats W.J. van Es
Writing - review & editing: Mats W.J. van Es, Cameron Higgins, Andrew J. Quinn, Diego Vidaurre, Mark W. Woolrich
This research was funded by the Wellcome Trust (106183/Z/14/Z, 215573/Z/19/Z), the New Therapeutics in Alzheimer's Diseases (NTAD) study supported by UK MRC and the Dementia Platform UK (RG94383/RG89702) and the EU-project euSNN (MSCA-ITN H2020-860563), and supported by the NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, and the . The Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging is supported by core funding from the Wellcome Trust (203139/Z/16/Z). DV is supported by a Novo Nordisk Emerging Investigator Award (NNF19OC-0054895) and by the European Research Council (ERC-StG-2019-850404)
Church as a Connector: An Investigation into the role of the Transition zone in the Transformation of the Grote- of Mariakerk towards a Public Interior, whilst maintaining its Heritage Values
No full textChurches have always been the centre of Dutch society to gather under one roof (De Kruijf & De Roest, 2010). Due to the secularization of the Netherlands, church vacancy is increasing. Currently, churches still fulfill a central function within a city, village or neighborhood (Kerkmagazine, 2022). The Grote- of Mariakerk is one of them, and the vacancy of buildings in such prominent areas of the city will detract from social and physical quality of these areas (De Kruijf & De Roest, 2010). The church should not withdraw from the public domain (Kennedy, J. C. K., 2010). A transformation towards a public interior could avoid this. Kloos (1993) describes public interiors as buildings in which the city’s public space is continued. The social and functional diversity of urban buildings is reflected in their façades (Jürgenhake, 2014), especially around their interior and exterior; the ‘transition zone’ (Gehl, 2011). Therefore this paper focuses on the role of the transition zone when transforming the Grote- of Mariakerk towards a public interior, whilst maintaining its heritage values. By combining literature research , case studies, and field research, the role of the transition zone in public interiors is clarified. By analysing the existing transition zones of the Grote- of Mariakerk and linking them with the criteria of a public interior, opportunities and challenges for the transformation towards a public interior result in design approaches regarding the transition zone.Grote- of Mariakerk, MeppelMultifunctional flexible cultural programArchitecture, Urbanism and Building Science
Adapting Goedewerf
No full textProblem statement: To keep good quality housing affordable in the Netherlands we are currently facing two main assignments: 1. Establishment of new homes. 2. The renovation of existing houses to make them more sustainable. Within the New Heritage studio both issues are addressed together within the context of nineteen-seventies an eighties residential areas. A large part of the Dutch housing stock consists of this type of neighbourhoods, they often have relatively much potential for densification and a their insulation and installations are currently often insufficient or outdated. In this project adaptability is used as a guiding theme to address these problems. This focus serves both a societal and a scientific purpose. Contemporary ideas about Open Building can be strengthened by reuse of the ideas of architects from the seventies of which the effect is already visible in their buildings. And on the other hand the adaptability of these existing building has to be strengthened to become more sustainable and house new groups of residents.Research Question:How can strategies for adaptability and appropriation as used in the experimental housing from the nineteen-seventies be reused in sustainable renovation and densification of neighborhoods from this period?Subquestions:- What is adaptable architecture? - What was the program for experimental housing in the nineteen-seventies? - Which strategies for adaptable architecture were applied in the projects that were part of the program? - Why and how is densification and sustainable renovation of nineteen-seventies neighbourhoods required? - How can the found strategies for adaptable architecture contribute to this?Structure:The research and design methodology is subdivided in five steps, of which the first two form the research part and the following three the design (image 3). These steps are: 1. Identify different strategies 2. Investigate how they are applied In these steps information about the cases is distracted from primary sources and secondary literature using literature study and plan analyses. This information is translated into diagrams that show the different strategies that are found and their application. 3. Evaluate effects on design location 4. Define a brief 5. Design an integrated plan In the design part the outcomes of the research part are combined with the value assessment that was made using the Kamari model (Kamari, Corrao, & Kirkegaard, 2017) and scenario studies. On the bases of this analysis a brief is defined based on different design scenarios. Hand sketches and physical models are used for both research purposes and as a presentation medium. Especially models are investigated as a way to present the design to residents and involve them in the design of their own houses and neighbourhood.Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Heritage & Architectur
The top 10 research priorities in diabetes and pregnancy according to women, support networks and healthcare professionals
No full textAIMS: To undertake a Priority Setting Partnership (PSP) to establish priorities for future research in diabetes and pregnancy, according to women with experience of pregnancy, and planning pregnancy, with any type of diabetes, their support networks and healthcare professionals. METHODS: The PSP used established James Lind Alliance (JLA) methodology working with women and their support networks and healthcare professionals UK-wide. Unanswered questions about the time before, during or after pregnancy with any type of diabetes were identified using an online survey and broad-level literature search. A second survey identified a shortlist of questions for final prioritisation at an online consensus development workshop. RESULTS: There were 466 responses (32% healthcare professionals) to the initial survey, with 1161 questions, which were aggregated into 60 unanswered questions. There were 614 responses (20% healthcare professionals) to the second survey and 18 questions shortlisted for ranking at the workshop. The top 10 questions were: diabetes technology, the best test for diabetes during pregnancy, diet and lifestyle interventions for diabetes management during pregnancy, emotional and well-being needs of women with diabetes pre- to post-pregnancy, safe full-term birth, post-natal care and support needs of women, diagnosis and management late in pregnancy, prevention of other types of diabetes in women with gestational diabetes, women's labour and birth experiences and choices and improving planning pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: These research priorities provide guidance for research funders and researchers to target research in diabetes and pregnancy that will achieve greatest value and impact
Pollution control in a decentralized economy : which level of government should subsidize what in Brazil
No full textSubsidies in Brazil essentially serve three purposes: (i) if assigned to the right level of government, they could reinforce the effectiveness of pollution taxes in reducing pollution; (ii) they offer an opportunity foradditional combinations of instruments and hence more flexibility in dealing with specific institutional characteristics of every state; and (iii) they can serve a purely"public relations"affect by showing that the federal government does not always rely on"sticks"but can also provide"carrots."The authors have four main messages of relevance to the Brazilian economy. First, carrots will not work without a stick. Subsidies of any type will not work without a coexisting pollution tax. Second, some carrots are better than others at achieving the government's objectives. In general, a state abatement subsidy is the more effective instrument to combine with a pollution tax. But when federal or state inspection capabilities are limited, monitoring subsidies may be an effective substitute. Third, increasing abatement subsidy rates can be counterproductive - tending to increase firm investment more than necessary and hence reduce the pollution tax base, while increasing subsidy costs. This can worsen the monitoring and inspection efforts and fiscal revenue. Finally, it is more effective to keep subsidy rates low if they are to be effective and sustainable and at the same time get the endorsement needed from state and federal fiscal administrations.Environmental Economics&Policies,Water and Industry,Pollution Management&Control,Public Sector Economics&Finance,Taxation&Subsidies
Financial Security of Elders in China
No full textChina is one of the largest countries in the world in terms of both geography and population size, with lower economic levels compared to the developed countries, and great regional differences. This paper introduces the rapid demographic changes of the Chinese population and the current financial security of elders in China. The World Bank’s multi-pillar model is used to explain the financial security of elders in China, which includes the current pension and health care systems in urban and rural areas in China respectively. The important issues of financial security of elders which the Chinese government should address in the near future are also discussed. The paper concludes with a consideration of the results of social welfare system reforms by the Chinese government and future research interests from a geographer’s perspective.Financial security, elders, social welfare system, China
Competition in network industries
No full textA wave of privatization is sweeping the globe, affecting about 100 countries and adding up to an average of more than $60 billion a year in business in the past decade. The challenge is to ensure that privatization yields clear benefits. Empirical studies suggest that ownership change by itself will often yield results, especially when it reduces government interference. But the regulation required in areas of natural monopoly can become overly intrusive and undermine progress. Real competition is required to generate sizable and lasting welfare improvements. But in infrastructure sectors, the introduction of competition is complicated by the existence of complex transport and communications networks. Debate about whether and how to introduce competition in network industries is sometimes heated. Certain questions recur: Will continuing regulation be needed? Whether and at what terms will private finance be forthcoming? The author argues that policymakers need to understand how competitive forces can be brought to bear in network industries. He explains the following: 1) common principles that are often lost in"technical"debates about specific sectors; 2) various methods for introducing competition in network industries; 3) competition for the market, and bidding for franchises; 4) options for competition for existing networks; 5) options for expanding competitive systems by decentralizing investment in new network capacity; 6) the option of allowing competition among multiple networks; and 7) the implications of these options for the sectors and for financing industry expansion. In case of doubt, he contends, policymakers should not restrict the entry of competitive firms in such networks. If they do, entry restrictions should be subject to an automatic test after a set period, and reviewed for costs and benefits.Economic Theory&Research,Decentralization,Markets and Market Access,Environmental Economics&Policies,Labor Policies,Education for the Knowledge Economy,Economic Theory&Research,Access to Markets,Markets and Market Access,Environmental Economics&Policies
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