2,774 research outputs found
Arthur J. Russell Correspondence
Full text linkEntries include brief biographical information corrected in pencil, letters of introduction to Russell and his sister concerning the Maine Author Collection, a handwritten reply from Emma M. Russell, typed correspondence between Dunnack and Russell concerning books that should have been purchased right away at secondhand stores, a Maine Library Bulletin envelope with a small photographic portrait of young Russell and a full-length photograph, a page typed with a misspelling by the Maine State Library presented with a photograph of the home of Russell\u27s birth in Hallowell, Maine, and a lengthy typed biography on Minneapolis Journal stationery
Phylogeny and biogeography of African <em>Biomphalaria</em> (Gastropoda: Planorbidae), with emphasis on endemic species of the great East African lakes
No full textFigure 2. Plots of transitions (TS) and transversions (TV) for Biomphalaria relative to the percentage sequence divergence (p-distance). The sliding window analysis for noncoding sequences and codon position for protein coding sequences are given in the insets. A, TS/TV plot of the partial sequence of the mitochondrial 16S gene. Regions with the most variation are identified in the sliding window analysis and correspond to loop regions in the secondary structure. B, TS/TV plot of the total internal transcribed spacer I (ITS1) gene that indicates a possible saturation. The sliding window analysis (inset) illustrates that the variation is not distributed uniformly across the sequence. C, TS/TV plot of the partial sequence of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI; primer pair LCO/HCO). The codon position plot is given in the inset. D, TS/TV plot of the partial sequence of COI (primer pair ASMIT 1/2). The codon position plot is given in the inset.Published as part of Jørgensen, Aslak, Kristensen, Thomas K. & Stothard, J. Russell, 2007, Phylogeny and biogeography of African Biomphalaria (Gastropoda: Planorbidae), with emphasis on endemic species of the great East African lakes, pp. 337-349 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 151 (2) on page 341, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00330.x, http://zenodo.org/record/542842
An update on female and male genital schistosomiasis and a call to integrate efforts to escalate diagnosis, treatment and awareness in endemic and non-endemic settings: The time is now
No full textThe last decades have brought important insight and updates in the diagnosis, management and immunopathology of female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) and male genital schistosomiasis (MGS). Despite sharing a common parasitic aetiological agent, FGS and MGS have typically been studied separately. Infection with Schistosoma haematobium manifests with gender-specific clinical manifestations and consequences of infection, albeit having a similar pathogenesis within the human genital tract. Schistosoma haematobium is a known urinary bladder carcinogen, but its potential causative role in other types of neoplasia, such as cervical cancer, is not fully understood. Furthermore, the impact of praziquantel treatment on clinical outcomes remains largely underexplored, as is the interplay of FGS/MGS with relevant reproductive tract infections such as HIV and Human Papillomavirus. In non-endemic settings, travel and immigrant health clinics need better guidance to correctly identify and treat FGS and MGS. Our review outlines the latest advances and remaining knowledge gaps in FGS and MGS research. We aim to pave a way forward to formulate more effective control measures and discuss elimination targets. With a growing community awareness in health practitioners, scientists and epidemiologists, alongside the sufferers from these diseases, we aspire to witness a new generation of young women and men free from the downstream disabling manifestations of disease.</p
The long road to schistosomiasis elimination in Zanzibar:a systematic review covering 100 years of research, interventions and control milestones
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Epidemiology and clinical aspects of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in Cambodia
Full text linkBackground: The threadworm Strongyloides stercoralis is endemic in settings where sanitary conditions are poor and where the climate is warm and humid. More than 70 tropical countries in Southeast Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, West Indies and Latin America are considered as high endemic settings. However, S. stercoralis is also prevalent in subtropical and temperate regions including Australia, Japan, Canada, United States and Europe. The global prevalence of S. stercoralis is heterogeneous. It is believed that about 30 - 100 million people worldwide are infected with S. stercoralis. But the true number and the global burden of infection remain unknown and most probably are today underestimating in many areas of the tropical resource poor countries. The low sensitivity of the currently available diagnostic tools and a scarcity of specialized survey are most important factors for that. Moreover, many epidemiological aspects of S. stercoralis infection are poorly understood or unknown. It is not known in detail where S. stercoralis is endemic, which infection rates and intensities can typically be expected in different settings and populations, and when an individual was infected at first-time and how quickly the re-infection can occur after successful treatment. Epidemiological information on S. stercoralis such as large-scale prevalence, re-infection, risk factors, clinical features and treatment efficacy are unknown in Cambodia and many parts of Southeast Asia.
Aim and objectives: This PhD thesis aimed to understand the importance of S. stercoralis infection in Cambodia by pursuing four main objectives: (i) assess S. stercoralis infection and risk factors, validate diagnostic methods and determine treatment efficacy among schoolchildren, (ii) determine large-scale prevalence and risk factors in two socioeconomic and ecological distinctly different settings, (iii) determine re-infection rates among schoolchildren, and (iv) document clinical aspects of patients with high intensity of S. stercoralis infection in rural communities.
Methods: School- and community-based studies were carried out in four primary schools and 120 villages of three provinces (Kandal, Preah Vihear and Takeo) in Cambodia, from 2009 to 2011. After obtaining the written informed consent from participants, an individual questionnaire was administrated to obtain demographic, risk-perception and behavioral data. The head of household was interviewed with a household questionnaire on socioeconomic indicators of the household such as house type, household assets, latrine and livestock. After the interview, each participant was given a pre-labeled plastic container (ID code, name, sex, age and date) for stool sample collection. In case a multiple stool samples analysis, another stool container was distributed upon collection of the first or second sample. The fecal materials were analyzed by Baermann method and Koga-agar plate (KAP) culture for diagnosing S. stercoralis and Kato-Katz method for helminth co-infections.
Two school-based studies were performed in four primary schools in Kandal province. In 2009, a cross-sectional study was carried out among 458 children, examining three fecal samples per child, to assess risk factors, diagnostic methods and treatment efficacy after three weeks of ivermectin treatment (100?g/kg/day for two days). A two-year cohort study was conducted among 302 schoolchildren from 2009 to 2011, analyzing two stool samples per child, to determine re-infection and risk factors of S. stercoralis.
Two large-scale cross-sectional community-based studies were conducted in 2010 and 2011 to assess infection prevalence and risk factors in two provinces (2396 participants from 60 villages of Preah Vihear province, analyzed two stool samples per participant; and 2861 participants from 60 villages of Takeo province, examined one stool sample per participant). Bayesian kriging was used to predict risk at non-surveyed locations in Preah Vihear province. A case-series study, nested in the survey in Preah Vihear province in 2010, was carried out to document the clinical features of 21 S. stercoralis cases, with high numbers of S. stercoralis larvae in their fecal specimen detected by Baermann technique.
Principal findings: A cross-sectional school-based survey in 2009 found that 24.4% of 458 schoolchildren were infected with S. stercoralis. The prevalence of S. stercoralis infection increased considerably (from 18.6% to 24.4%) when three stool samples were examined. The sensitivity of KAP culture and Baermann technique was 88.4% and 75.0%, respectively. Clinical features such as itchy skin and diarrheal episodes were significantly associated with S. stercoralis infection. Children who reported defecating in latrines were significantly less infected with S. stercoralis than those who did not use latrines (OR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2 – 0.6; P<0.001). Almost three-quarters of the infections could have been reduced by proper sanitation (PAR: 0.7; 95% CI: 0.5– 0.9). Ivermectin (200 µg/kg BW, PO, over 2 days) was highly efficacious against S. stercoralis infection, with a cure rate of 98.3% three weeks after treatment.
In Preah Vihear and Takeo provinces, S. stercoralis infection prevalence among general population was 44.7% and 21.0%, respectively. In both areas found that the male participants were significantly more infected than females (P<0.001) in all age classes. In Preah Vihear province, northern Cambodia, S. stercoralis infection statistically increased with age, starting at 31.4% in children less than 6 years to a peak of at 51.2% in participants older than 50 years. Participants defecating in latrines were significantly less infected with S. stercoralis than those who did not use latrine (OR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.4 - 0.8; P<0.001). S. stercoralis infection exhibited almost no tendency to spatial clustering in this province. Infection risk significantly decreased with increasing rainfall and soil organic carbon content and to increase in lands occupied by rice fields. In Takeo province, southern Cambodia, S. stercoralis infection prevalence reached 14.5% in children under or equal to 5 years and 28.0% in participants aged between 56 and 60 years. Participants who reported having a latrine were statistically less infected with S. stercoralis infection than those who did not possess latrine at home (OR: 0.7; 95% CI: 04 - 0.8; P: 0.003). Muscle pain and urticaria were significantly associated with S. stercoralis infection.
A two-year cohort study among 302 schoolchildren revealed a prevalence rate of 24.2% and 22.5% at baseline (2009) and follow-up (2011), respectively. Almost one-third (31.5%) of 73 treated S. stercoralis cases at baseline were re-infected at follow-up. But, almost 70% of children infected at baseline and treated remained free of re-infection for the period of two years. Children reported having shoes and defecating in toilet were statistically less infected with S. stercoralis than those who did not possess shoes (OR: 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1 – 0.5; P: 0.031) and use latrine (OR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2 – 0.9; P<0.001) at follow-up. None of the reported clinical symptom was significantly associated with S. stercoralis infection at follow-up.
Clinical symptoms of 21 S. stercoralis patients with high intensity infection (more than 250 larvae in Baermann test) from Preah Vihear province were documented in 2010. The median age of the patients was 11 years (range: 5 - 67); 23.8% were females. Eleven patients (52.4%) were younger than 16 years. Out of 21 patients, 20 (95.2%), 18 (85.7%) and 14 (66.7%) reported frequent abdominal pain, diarrhea and periods of sensation of itching, respectively, during the previous six months. Five patients (23.8%) reported having experienced urticaria the week preceding the examination. One patient suffered from extended urticaria. Three weeks after ivermectin treatment (200µg/kg BW, single oral dose), most symptoms (diarrhea, abdominal pain and urticaria) almost entirely resolved.
Conclusions: S. stercoralis infection is highly prevalent in rural communities of Cambodia where appropriate diagnosis and treatment do not exist. The re-infection rate of S. stercoralis among schoolchildren after two years of ivermectin treatment is considerable, but more than two-third remains free of infection for at least 2 years. Preschool- and school-aged children are highly affected. Personal hygiene and sanitation including wearing shoes, possession and use of latrines, are significant predictors of S. stercoralis infection. Gastrointestinal and cutaneous symptoms are associated with S. stercoralis infection and resolve almost entirely after ivermectin treatment. Thus, S. stercoralis infection should no longer be neglected in Cambodia and elsewhere in tropical resource poor countries. Access to adequate diagnosis and treatment of S. stercoralis infection is an urgent need in Cambodi
Biology : the dynamic science / Peter J. Russell ... [et al.].
No full textIncludes index.xxxiii, 1289, [128] pages
Josi and Richard Russell Oral History Interview
No full textJosi and Richard Russell, a local author and artist, respectively, were interviewed in Blanding, Utah, where they have lived for nearly 20 years and raised their two children. They express deep connection to the diverse landscape, which inspires their creative work, and highlight the strong sense of community and support they\u27ve experienced. While acknowledging the geographical isolation and limited restaurant options, they emphasize the opportunities Blanding offers, especially for their homeschooled children, through its inclusive environment, local university, and increasing connectivity to the wider world through remote work and online education. They are optimistic about the future of Blanding, particularly the potential for young people to return due to expanding opportunities, and commend local leaders for their responsiveness to community needs
Rapeseed: an alternative crop for Idaho
No full textBulletin no. 752 Moscow, Idaho :University of Idaho, College of Agriculture, Agriculture Experiment Station, 1994-02-01. Author(s): Melfi, J. A.; Withers, Russell V
Nemipterus randalli Russell 1986
No full textNemipterus randalli Russell, 1986 Material examined. No voucher specimens have been preserved for this species; unpreserved specimens examined by fourth author (29: 11.2–20.5 cm).Published as part of Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Alpermann, Tilman J., Mal, Ahmad O. & Gabr, Mohamed H., 2014, Survey of demersal fishes from southern Saudi Arabia, with five new records for the Red Sea, pp. 401-437 in Zootaxa 3852 (4) on page 426, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3852.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/22536
HTLV-I and Strongyloides in Australia: The worm lurking beneath
No full textStrongyloidiasis and HTLV-I (human T-lymphotropic virus-1) are important infections that are endemic in many countries around the world with an estimated 370 million infected with Strongyloides stercoralis alone, and 5–10 million with HTVL-I. Co-infections with these pathogens are associated with significant morbidity and can be fatal. HTLV-I infects T-cells thus causing dysregulation of the immune system which has been linked to dissemination and hyperinfection of S. stercoralis leading to bacterial sepsis which can result in death. Both of these pathogens are endemic in Australia primarily in remote communities in Queensland, the Northern Territory, and Western Australia. Other cases in Australia have occurred in immigrants and refugees, returned travellers, and Australian Defence Force personnel. HTLV-I infection is lifelong with no known cure. Strongyloidiasis is a long-term chronic disease that can remain latent for decades, as shown by infections diagnosed in prisoners of war from World War II and the Vietnam War testing positive decades after they returned from these conflicts. This review aims to shed light on concomitant infections of HTLV-I with S. stercoralis primarily in Australia but in the global context as well
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