448 research outputs found

    Correspondence from Francine Perry and J. C. Fauntleroy to Vernon Jordan, April 1966

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    Correspondence from Francine Perry and J. C. Fauntleroy to Vernon Jordan. Enclosed is "A Background Report on the Newport News-Hampton SMSA for the Participants of the NAACP-National Student YWCA Project" written by Herbert H. Lindsay

    Correspondence from Weldon J. Rougeau to Vernon Jordan, March 26, 1968

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    Field report from Weldon Rougeau to Vernon Jordan about his visit to a quilting bee centered around educating Wilcox county on voting issues

    Members of the anti-tank Platoon No. 1 Pacific infantry training battalion, Camp Vernon

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    Left to right front row: LeBlanc, Strom, Noonan, Osborne, MacKillop, Waterfield, Rafter, McGinnis, Tracey, Milliken. 2nd row: Holmes, Patrick, Rich, Sgt. Gordon, Lieut. Stewart, Sgt. Sexton, McConnell, Whitehead, Little. 3rd row: Pigeau, King, Burgoyne, Wood, Taylor, Author, Smyth, Crosby, McIllvenna, Oram, Riches. Back row: Quinney, Ingram, Thomas, Haigh, Yourth, Ervin, Lewis, J. W. Walker, Mallory, J. L. Walker, Strang

    THE ECONOMICS OF GRAIN PRODUCER CARTELS

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    The objective of this study is to measure economic payoffs from a grain cartel. Two basic approaches to extract economic rents are considered: (i) Mandatory supply controls to restrict production and raise grain price, and (2) export price discrimination using export taxes or subsidies. The economic impacts of different producer cartel scenarios were estimated using a long-term, nine-region world trade simulation model incorporating the assumptions of neoclassical trade theory. The SWOPSIM program was used to write the model equations. Economic Research Service trade data for 1989 were used to initialize the model. Results reflect long-run changes from 1989conditions and are at 1989 general price levels. The model simultaneously estimated outcomes in markets for nine commodities: beef, pork, poultry meat, wheat, corn, coarse grains (other than corn), oilseeds (soybeans, rapeseed, and sunflower seed), oilmeal, and sugar. Cross-effects among commodities and input-output relationships between field crop and livestock production are accounted for by substitution and complementary coefficients in behavioral equations. Countries and groups of countries included in the model are Australia, Canada, the European Community (EC), European Free Trade Association (EFTA), the United States (US), Japan, and the rest of the world (ROW). The simulation results report the consequences of restricting only US grain production (wheat, corn, and other coarse grains) from 5 to 20% below the 1989 production level. Grain supply restrictions were presumed to be mandatory, hence taxpayers incurred no additional outlays over those in 1989 . World price increases were modest for wheat, but greater for corn and other coarse grains in part because of differences in market share among grains. US consumers of grain and grain products buy less at higher prices and are worse off, as is the country as a whole. Consumer surplus falls nearly 2billionwhengrainsupplyisreduced202 billion when grain supply is reduced 20 %. Higher grain prices and lower costs more than compensate producers for less output, despite lower receipts attending an elastic demand. According to simulation results, cartel-like action restricting US supplies by 15% would most benefit American grain producers. Consumers in the US and the world lose more than producers gain from cartel action restricting production and lowering US exports of grain. Other competing exporters enjoy net benefits from higher world prices. However, because the rest of the world is a net consumer, net economic welfare of other countries is reduced. Also, overall world income is reduced by a cartel. As additional global production comes under the control of the cartel, more producer surplus can be extracted from consumers. Results were simulated for grain producers in four developed countries or regions (Australia, Canada, EC, and US) forming a cartel and simultaneously restricting production from 5 to 20%. As expected, world prices rise more with the comprehensive grain cartel than with the US acting alone. The more comprehensive international cartel helps producers extract greater rents from consumers. It is notable that none of the supply restriction schemes would benefit the US as a nation. Rest-of-the-world and total world welfare losses mount when supply restrictions are tightened from 5 to 20% of market output. When the US alone tightly restricts grain production, it loses more than ROW. When the US, Canada, Australia, and the EC jointly restrict production, ROW incurs greater welfare losses than the US. Turning next to support subsidies without supply controls, we estimated that net benefits to producers are greatest with export subsidies, expanding exports by 30% and with an attendant increase in domestic prices. The cartel can subsidize exports with collections from producers, leaving its members with some net gain. Results are even more favorable for producers if taxpayers pay the export subsidy as under the current Export Enhancement Program (EEP). However, because national welfare is reduced, a government truly representative of the nation's economic welfare would not rationally choose to subsidize exports. Overall US welfare is modestly increased when domestic price is lowered with an export tariff and exports decline. In contrast, the rest of the world as a net importer benefits from plans increasing US exports and lowering the world price of grains. But, any form of market distortion lowers overall global welfare. Total numbers are smaller but patterns are similar when only US com producers attempt the optimal subsidy or tariff strategy. A US com-only producer cartel would choose an export subsidy because the producers' benefits are positive even if they pay the export subsidy. Outcomes were simulated in which percentage increases in US exports were matched by equal percentage increases in exports of other major competitors (Canada, the European Community, and Australia). Retaliation causes the average cost of subsidizing US exports to nearly double to achieve any given percentage increase in exports. Retaliation by competing exporters removes much of the attractiveness of US export subsidies. If producers pay for export subsidies, their net gains are sharply eroded with retaliation. Welfare losses to the US as a nation and to the world enlarge with retaliation to subsidies. Thus the US and the world have a stake in successful multilateral negotiation reducing subsidies and attendant retaliation. It is conceivable that an effort by producers to form a cartel would so alienate the public that Congress would terminate current commodity programs, including export assistance on grain. Net benefits to producers from cartel activity never approached the 7 billion in rents they collect from current programs. It seems unlikely that a producer group would risk gains of this size for the prospect of cartel rents a sixth the size or less from international markets. Gains to US producers are less for a wheat cartel than for either the feed grain cartel or for the wheat-feed grain cartel included herein. The unfavorable outcomes originate from the export demand for US wheat made highly elastic by opportunities to substitute feed grain for wheat in production and consumption especially in the long run. That is, a high wheat price and controlled production of wheat encourages importers to produce wheat, cut back feed grain production, and import low-cost feed grains.Crop Production/Industries, International Relations/Trade,

    Dean, Judge, and Bishop: Lessons from a Conflict and Implications for School Leaders, 5(17)

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    This article utilizes a court-resolved 1870s conflict between two clergymen, Edward Cridge and George Hills, to present a model for conflict analysis that is relevant for the preparation and professional development of school leaders. The five elements of the model include: a defining reality, reinforcing events, critical incident, response patterns, and outputs and outcomes. The incident is used with guiding questions to demonstrate the use of case study technique for learning purposes. The case is presented as an example of "woodenheadedness" in interpersonal relations and of "folly" in governance policy in terms used by Barbara Tuchman (1984)

    Rethinking Race: Franz Boas and His Contemporaries

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    In this thought-provoking reexamination of the history of racial science Vernon J. Williams argues that all current theories of race and race relations can be understood as extensions of or reactions to the theories formulated during the first half of the twentieth century. Williams explores these theories in a carefully crafted analysis of Franz Boas and his influence upon his contemporaries, especially W.E.B. DuBois, Booker T. Washington, George W. Ellis, and Robert E. Park. Historians have long recognized the monumental role Franz Boas played in eviscerating the racist worldview that prevailed in the American social sciences. Williams reconsiders the standard portrait of Boas and offers a new understanding of a man who never fully escaped the racist assumptions of 19th-century anthropology but nevertheless successfully argued that African Americans could assimilate into American society and that the chief obstacle facing them was not heredity but the prejudice of white America. He characterizes Boas as a complex and conflicted man who held ambiguous ideas about racial equality. -- American Historical Review Contributes significantly to a fuller understanding of Boas\u27s impact on racial thinking, and it offers new insights into the changing racial views of social scientists in the formative period from 1896 to 1943. -- American Historical Review This is the first book to detail how Boas also worked closely with many of the same African-American intellectuals to shape major trends in American anthropology. -- American Journal of Sociology Williams enlightens the reader as to the gulf that still remains between the myths that are utilized to support claims of African American inferiority and the true complexity of this topic as revealed by scholars like Franz Boas. -- Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences Williams has done a superb job of discussing the impact of Franz Boas\u27 impact on the racial thinking of his white anthropological contemporaries. . . . a most valuable contribution to the past and continuing debate of the importance of race in American society. -- Arkansas Historical Quarterly Offers a thoughtful historical reflection on how and why these issues continue to affect our personal and national perceptions and out often uncomfortable attempts to discuss race in American life. -- Historian A timely and thoughtful re-examination of a formative period in the history of American social science and race relations. -- Southern Historian A continuation of the author\u27s pioneering work on the emergence of the modern cultural interpretation of race in America. -- The Journal of Southern Historyhttps://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_biological_and_physical_anthropology/1000/thumbnail.jp

    "Stokesay", home of Mr. & Mrs. Onians, 289 Nepean Highway, Seaford, Victoria [picture].

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    Title supplied by researcher.; Part of: Eric Milton Nicholls collection.; Condition: Good.; Architect : J. F. W. Ballantyne.; Also available in an electronic version via the Internet at: http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-vn3603884-s89; Purchased from Marie and Glynn Nicholls, 2006.; Vernon inventory, Pt.1/3 No.11. "Single storey Knitlock house with large central chimney at apex of pyramid roof, Knitlock garage can be seen at right edge of image. The land slopes steeply down from the house to Kananook Creek, at the rear."--Supplies by researcher

    Mineral acquisition from clay by Budongo Forest chimpanzees

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    Date of Acceptance: 06/07/2015Chimpanzees of the Sonso community, Budongo Forest, Uganda were observed eating clay and drinking clay-water from waterholes. We show that clay, clay-rich water, and clay obtained with leaf sponges, provide a range of minerals in different concentrations. The presence of aluminium in the clay consumed indicates that it takes the form of kaolinite. We discuss the contribution of clay geophagy to the mineral intake of the Sonso chimpanzees and show that clay eaten using leaf sponges is particularly rich in minerals. We show that termite mound soil, also regularly consumed, is rich in minerals. We discuss the frequency of clay and termite soil geophagy in the context of the disappearance from Budongo Forest of a formerly rich source of minerals, the decaying pith of Raphia farinifera palms.Peer reviewe

    Jones, Dr. J.E., Ordination Service/Called to Preach Side 1, Series: Man W/The Whip, Man with The Colt Side 2

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    Dr. J.E. Jones delivers ordination sermon on preaching to the world in the church. In the sermon he explains how the church has no ministry if it lacks involvement with the world. He also describes his conversation with the dean of Trinity College in Toronto. J. Vernon McGee also gives lesson on Moses and his early life in Egypt.The Atlanta University Center Robert W. Woodruff Library acknowledges the generous support of the National Endowment for Humanities - Humanities Collections and Reference Resources Implementation Project Grant in supporting the processing and digitization of a number of its major archival collections as part of the project: Spreading the Word: Expanding Access to African American Religious Archival Collections at the Atlanta University Center Robert W. Woodruff Library.</em

    Southern Industrial Steel Company

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    A photograph pf a group of emplpyees of Southern Industrial Steel Company. In the top row is L. H. Blanscat, B. M. Cavanaugh, E. C. Bratchen, Pit Hayword, Author Rinehart, R. W. Austin, and Rush Hart. In the second row is Jack Lowery, Gary Waits, H. V. Breven, Fred Burns, Ben Chism, Bill Leath, J. C. Day, and D. L. Walls. In the third row is R. G. Seilen, J. B. Castleberry, A. P. Bogel, Jack Gray, J. H. Kincely, B. M. Morales, H. P. Harris, N. Burton, and W. R. Palmen. In the fourth row is J. P. Jolon, Herman Trinkle, A. C. Bowen, Author Hart, Al Wilson, Maggie Purdue, J. E. Vernon, Frances Akeman, amd J. T. Riening. In the front row is J. A. Hope, M. C. Arnold, Bobby Riening, Roland Manen, A. N. McMurray, Alen Cribbs, H. J. Mausen, and J. E. Reed.https://mavmatrix.uta.edu/specialcollections_jwdunlopphotograph/1308/thumbnail.jp
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