26 research outputs found
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Spectral design of temperature-invariant narrow bandpass filters for the mid-infrared
No full textThe ability of narrow bandpass filters to discriminate wavelengths between closely-separated gas absorption lines is crucial in many areas of infrared spectroscopy. As improvements to the sensitivity of infrared detectors enables operation in uncontrolled high-temperature environments, this imposes demands on the explicit bandpass design to provide temperature-invariant behavior. The unique negative temperature coefficient (dn/dT<0) of Lead-based (Pb) salts, in combination with dielectric materials enable bandpass filters with exclusive immunity to shifts in wavelength with temperature. This paper presents the results of an investigation into the interdependence between multilayer bandpass design and optical materials together with a review on invariance at elevated temperatures
NOx Monitoring in Humid Exhaust Gas Using Non-Dispersive Infrared Spectroscopy
No full textThis PhD thesis is concerned with the measurement of NOX in moist exhaust gas onboard ships using non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopy. In such a measurement one of the major challenges is spectral interference from water vapour which is present in highconcentrations in the exhaust. The PhD study investigates a possible solution to this problem, which is to balance out the signal contribution from water vapour by means of carefully designed and manufactured optical bandpass filters. The thesis, presents a thorough theoreticaldescription of the NDIR sensor concept together with simulations suggesting that it is possible but challenging to measure NOX in moist exhaust gas using NDIR. The characteristics of optical filters tend to change with temperature, and since this compromises the water signal balancing, much of the work presented in the thesis is devoted to the design of optical bandpass filters in general, and temperature invariant filters in particular. This work has led to the derivation of the thermo-optical expansion coefficients of embedded PbTe and ZnSe thin films, frequently used in optical bandpass filters for the mid-infrared range. Knowledge of these coefficients allows accurate prediction of temperature invariant filters, previously realised based on experience and trial and error. Finally, the absorption spectrum of CO2 at elevated temperatures and pressures has been experimentally investigated, and the absorption cross section of CO2 at 1000 K and 100 bar is revealed for the first time. Information about CO2 absorption and emission in combustion conditions is highly demanded for accurate modelling of heat transfer processes during combustion in large ship engines which in turn is crucial for understanding the formation of emission gasses, in particular NOx
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Determination of the embedded thermo-optical expansion coefficients of PbTe and ZnSe thin film infrared multilayers
No full textThis paper reports the first derived thermo-optical properties for vacuum deposited infrared thin films embedded in multilayers. These properties were extracted from the temperature-dependence of manufactured narrow bandpass filters across the 4-17 µm mid-infrared wavelength region. Using a repository of spaceflight multi-cavity bandpass filters, the thermo-optical expansion coefficients of PbTe and ZnSe were determined across an elevated temperature range 20-160 ºC. Embedded ZnSe films showed thermo-optical properties similar to reported bulk values, whilst the embedded PbTe films of lower optical density, deviate from reference literature sources. Detailed knowledge of derived coefficients is essential to the multilayer design of temperature-invariant narrow bandpass filters for use in non-cooled infrared detection systems. We further present manufacture of the first reported temperature-invariant multi-cavity narrow bandpass filter utilizing PbS chalcogenide layer material
<strong>Cardiac Toxicity after definitive Radiotherapy of locally advanced NSCLC</strong>
No full textCardiac Toxicity after definitive Radiotherapy of locally advanced NSCLC Tine Schytte, Olfred Hansen, Thomine Stolberg-Rohr* and Carsten Brink*. Dept. Oncology and Radiophysic Lab.* Odense University Hospital, Denmark Keyword: Radiotherapy, Locally advanced NSCLC, Cardiac toxicity Background: Lung and oesophageal toxicity have been regarded as main toxicity in definitive radiotherapy (RT) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), whereas cardiac toxicity has not been offered much concern. This is probably due to the poor prognosis for patients with unresectable NSCLC. In this study we report the heart toxicities in locally-regionally advanced NSCLC (LA-NSCLC) patients (pts) treated with RT in our centre. Methods and material: From 01.01.1995-30.11.2007, 287 pts with LA-NSCLC (stage IIB-IIIB) were treated with RT at our centre with planned dose 60-66 Gy. All RT was applied as 3D RT in 2 Gy/F without elective nodal irradiation. Cardiac toxicity is defined as myocardial infarction (MI), exudative pericarditis (ED), cardiac insufficiency (CI), pulmonary embolism (PE), found dead with unknown cause, non specific cardiac disease (CD), supra- or ventricular arrhythmia (SA, VA). The cardiac events (CE) were collected from patient files. All patients were followed to death. Median follow-up was 86 month, with 24 month as minimum. Results: 38 pts had a CE: 7 MI, 3 EP, 5 CI, 4 PE, 2 found dead, 3 CD, 13 SA and 1 VA. Median survival was 17.2 month and overall survival for 1, 2 and 5 year was 64%, 35% and 14%, respectively. In a Cox regression analyses of time to CE, age > 65 year, + induction chemotherapy, smoking, high mean dose to left + right ventricles or whole heart was not a statistically significant factor, whereas low FEV-1, large GTV, low Hb, poor PS, high V20 to lunge, and gender did. Discussion: We did not find a correlation between high mean dose to left + right ventricles or whole heart and having a CE. Having a CE was not related to worsen survival. Factors in modelRelative Hazard Ratio(95% CI)p-valueFEV-1 (<75%)1.30 ( 1.00-1.68)0.046GTV (>150 ml)2.02 (1.51-2.71)<0.0001Hb (<12g/dL)1.44 (1.12-1.86)0.0046Mean dose to ventricles(>20 Gy)1.23 (0.92-1.67)0.17PS (>1)1.64 (1.11-2.42)0.014Gender (male)1.37 (1.06-1.77)0.016V20 (>35%)1.85 (1.43-2.40)<0.0001 Cardiac Toxicity after definitive Radiotherapy of locally advanced NSCLCTine Schytte, Olfred Hansen, Thomine Stolberg-Rohr* and Carsten Brink*. Dept. Oncology and Radiophysic Lab.* Odense University Hospital, Denmark Keyword: Radiotherapy, Locally advanced NSCLC, Cardiac toxicity Background: Lung and oesophageal toxicity have been regarded as main toxicity in definitive radiotherapy (RT) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), whereas cardiac toxicity has not been offered much concern. This is probably due to the poor prognosis for patients with unresectable NSCLC. In this study we report the heart toxicities in locally-regionally advanced NSCLC (LA-NSCLC) patients (pts) treated with RT in our centre. Methods and material:From 01.01.1995-30.11.2007, 287 pts with LA-NSCLC (stage IIB-IIIB) were treated with RT at our centre with planned dose 60-66 Gy. All RT was applied as 3D RT in 2 Gy/F without elective nodal irradiation. Cardiac toxicity is defined as myocardial infarction (MI), exudative pericarditis (ED), cardiac insufficiency (CI), pulmonary embolism (PE), found dead with unknown cause, non specific cardiac disease (CD), supra- or ventricular arrhythmia (SA, VA). The cardiac events (CE) were collected from patient files. All patients were followed to death. Median follow-up was 86 month, with 24 month as minimum. Results: 38 pts had a CE: 7 MI, 3 EP, 5 CI, 4 PE, 2 found dead, 3 CD, 13 SA and 1 VA. Median survival was 17.2 month and overall survival for 1, 2 and 5 year was 64%, 35% and 14%, respectively. In a Cox regression analyses of time to CE, age > 65 year, + induction chemotherapy, smoking, high mean dose to left + right ventricles or whole heart was not a statistically significant factor, whereas low FEV-1, large GTV, low Hb, poor PS, high V20 to lunge, and gender did. Discussion:We did not find a correlation between high mean dose to left + right ventricles or whole heart and having a CE. Having a CE was not related to worsen survival. Factors in modelRelative Hazard Ratio(95% CI)p-value FEV-1 (<75%)1.30 ( 1.00-1.68)0.046GTV (>150 ml)2.02 (1.51-2.71)<0.0001Hb (<12g/dL)1.44 (1.12-1.86)0.0046Mean dose to ventricles(>20 Gy)1.23 (0.92-1.67)0.17PS (>1)1.64 (1.11-2.42)0.014Gender (male)1.37 (1.06-1.77)0.016V20 (>35%)1.85 (1.43-2.40)<0.0001</p
<strong>Cardiac Toxicity after definitive Radiotherapy of locally advanced NSCLC</strong>
No full textCardiac Toxicity after definitive Radiotherapy of locally advanced NSCLC Tine Schytte, Olfred Hansen, Thomine Stolberg-Rohr* and Carsten Brink*. Dept. Oncology and Radiophysic Lab.* Odense University Hospital, Denmark Keyword: Radiotherapy, Locally advanced NSCLC, Cardiac toxicity Background: Lung and oesophageal toxicity have been regarded as main toxicity in definitive radiotherapy (RT) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), whereas cardiac toxicity has not been offered much concern. This is probably due to the poor prognosis for patients with unresectable NSCLC. In this study we report the heart toxicities in locally-regionally advanced NSCLC (LA-NSCLC) patients (pts) treated with RT in our centre. Methods and material: From 01.01.1995-30.11.2007, 287 pts with LA-NSCLC (stage IIB-IIIB) were treated with RT at our centre with planned dose 60-66 Gy. All RT was applied as 3D RT in 2 Gy/F without elective nodal irradiation. Cardiac toxicity is defined as myocardial infarction (MI), exudative pericarditis (ED), cardiac insufficiency (CI), pulmonary embolism (PE), found dead with unknown cause, non specific cardiac disease (CD), supra- or ventricular arrhythmia (SA, VA). The cardiac events (CE) were collected from patient files. All patients were followed to death. Median follow-up was 86 month, with 24 month as minimum. Results: 38 pts had a CE: 7 MI, 3 EP, 5 CI, 4 PE, 2 found dead, 3 CD, 13 SA and 1 VA. Median survival was 17.2 month and overall survival for 1, 2 and 5 year was 64%, 35% and 14%, respectively. In a Cox regression analyses of time to CE, age > 65 year, + induction chemotherapy, smoking, high mean dose to left + right ventricles or whole heart was not a statistically significant factor, whereas low FEV-1, large GTV, low Hb, poor PS, high V20 to lunge, and gender did. Discussion: We did not find a correlation between high mean dose to left + right ventricles or whole heart and having a CE. Having a CE was not related to worsen survival. Factors in modelRelative Hazard Ratio(95% CI)p-valueFEV-1 (<75%)1.30 ( 1.00-1.68)0.046GTV (>150 ml)2.02 (1.51-2.71)<0.0001Hb (<12g/dL)1.44 (1.12-1.86)0.0046Mean dose to ventricles(>20 Gy)1.23 (0.92-1.67)0.17PS (>1)1.64 (1.11-2.42)0.014Gender (male)1.37 (1.06-1.77)0.016V20 (>35%)1.85 (1.43-2.40)<0.0001 Cardiac Toxicity after definitive Radiotherapy of locally advanced NSCLCTine Schytte, Olfred Hansen, Thomine Stolberg-Rohr* and Carsten Brink*. Dept. Oncology and Radiophysic Lab.* Odense University Hospital, Denmark Keyword: Radiotherapy, Locally advanced NSCLC, Cardiac toxicity Background: Lung and oesophageal toxicity have been regarded as main toxicity in definitive radiotherapy (RT) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), whereas cardiac toxicity has not been offered much concern. This is probably due to the poor prognosis for patients with unresectable NSCLC. In this study we report the heart toxicities in locally-regionally advanced NSCLC (LA-NSCLC) patients (pts) treated with RT in our centre. Methods and material:From 01.01.1995-30.11.2007, 287 pts with LA-NSCLC (stage IIB-IIIB) were treated with RT at our centre with planned dose 60-66 Gy. All RT was applied as 3D RT in 2 Gy/F without elective nodal irradiation. Cardiac toxicity is defined as myocardial infarction (MI), exudative pericarditis (ED), cardiac insufficiency (CI), pulmonary embolism (PE), found dead with unknown cause, non specific cardiac disease (CD), supra- or ventricular arrhythmia (SA, VA). The cardiac events (CE) were collected from patient files. All patients were followed to death. Median follow-up was 86 month, with 24 month as minimum. Results: 38 pts had a CE: 7 MI, 3 EP, 5 CI, 4 PE, 2 found dead, 3 CD, 13 SA and 1 VA. Median survival was 17.2 month and overall survival for 1, 2 and 5 year was 64%, 35% and 14%, respectively. In a Cox regression analyses of time to CE, age > 65 year, + induction chemotherapy, smoking, high mean dose to left + right ventricles or whole heart was not a statistically significant factor, whereas low FEV-1, large GTV, low Hb, poor PS, high V20 to lunge, and gender did. Discussion:We did not find a correlation between high mean dose to left + right ventricles or whole heart and having a CE. Having a CE was not related to worsen survival. Factors in modelRelative Hazard Ratio(95% CI)p-value FEV-1 (<75%)1.30 ( 1.00-1.68)0.046GTV (>150 ml)2.02 (1.51-2.71)<0.0001Hb (<12g/dL)1.44 (1.12-1.86)0.0046Mean dose to ventricles(>20 Gy)1.23 (0.92-1.67)0.17PS (>1)1.64 (1.11-2.42)0.014Gender (male)1.37 (1.06-1.77)0.016V20 (>35%)1.85 (1.43-2.40)<0.0001</p
Cardiac toxicity and radiation dose to the heart in definitive treated non-small cell lung cancer
No full textThe influence of radiation dose to the ventricles of the heart on survival in radical treated locally advanced NSCLC
No full textHigh temperature and high pressure gas cell for quantitative spectroscopic measurements
No full textA high temperature and high pressure gas cell (HTPGC) has been manufactured for quantitative spectroscopic measurements in the pressure range 1-200 bar and temperature range 300-1300 K. In the present work the cell was employed at up to 100 bar and 1000 K, and measured absorption coefficients of a CO2-N2 mixture at 100 bar and 1000 K are revealed for the first time, exceeding the high temperature and pressure combinations previously reported. This paper discusses the design considerations involved in the construction of the cell and presents validation measurements compared against simulated spectra, as well as published experimental data. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
The influence of radiation dose to the ventricles of the heart on survival in radical treated locally advanced NSCLC
No full textThe influence of radiation dose to the ventricles of the heart on survival in radical treated locally advanced NSCLC
No full text
