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Proekoides koebergis Stiller 1986
No full textProekoides koebergis Stiller 1986 (Figs 15K, 16D, I, N, S, 32B) Type material, holotype not examined. Type locality. Holotype male, South Africa, Western Cape province, Koeberg, north Melkbosstrand, -33.64, 18.43, 6 Dec. 1977, J.G. Theron, leg. Paratypes. 2♂ South Africa, Western Cape province: 1♂; Bontebok National Park, Swellendam; -34.05, 20.47; 11 Dec. 1973; J.G. Theron, leg.; CCDL28240; SANC. 1♂; Koeberg; -33.64, 18.43; 6 Dec. 1977; J.G. Theron, leg.; CCDL28241; SANC. Additional material examined. South Africa, Western Cape province: 1♂; Dwarsrivier Farm, Cedarberg, SE Citrusdal; -32.45, 19.20; 10-15 Oct. 2002; M. Stiller, leg.; sweeping grass and forbs, regrowth after fire; CCDL18323; SANC 2♂♂, 1♀; Cedarberg wilderness #1; -32.40, 19.04; 14 Dec. 2016; M. Stiller, leg.; sweeping Eriocephalus sp., Asteraceae; CCDL26713; SANC. 8♂♂, 3♀♀, 12 nymphs, De Pakhuys farm, Clanwilliam, -32.118, 19.068; 6 Feb. 2022; M.Stiller leg.; sweeping Agathosma crenulata Rutaceae; CCDL28620; SANC. 13♂♂, 7♀♀, 4 nymphs; Lansrivier farm, Kammanassie Berg; -33.663, 22.959; 17 Feb. 2022; M.Stiller leg.; sweeping Erica densifolia Ericaceae; CCDL28619; SANC. 15♂♂, 5♀♀, Lansrivier farm, Kammanassie Berg; -33.663, 22.959; 17 Feb. 2022; M.Stiller leg.; sweeping Agathosma ovata Rutaceae common, Phylica paniculata Rhamnaceae rare; CCDL 28617; SANC. Diagnosis. Aedeagal shaft with anterior margin with large, paired apical teeth, posterior margin with short, paired medial teeth, shaft apex not expanded anteriad; preatrium about as long as shaft. Etymology. Named for the type locality. Gender feminine. Description. Male and female. Color. As in Fig. 15K, description in Stiller 1986. Morphology. Tegmina. Male, length/width=2.05; female, length/width=2.11. Hind wing. Male, length/width=2.77; female, length/width=2.77. Tegmina hind wing relation. Male, length tegmina/length hind wing=1.16; width tegmina/width hind wing=1.57; female, length tegmina/length hind wing=1.18; width tegmina/width hind wing=1.54. Measurements. Male (n=39). Apex of crown to apex of tegmina 3.29–3.82 mm (Stiller 1986, 2.80–3.16 mm); apex of crown to apex of abdomen 3.41–3.87 mm (Stiller 1986, 3.00– 3.56 mm); crown length 0.71–0.94 mm; crown length next to eyes 0.45–0.51 mm; pronotum length 0.41–0.45 mm; head width 1.24–1.31 mm; pronotum width 1.12–1.21 mm (Stiller 1986, 0.76–1.10 mm); ocellus diameter 27–29 µm; interocular distance 65–93 µm; crown angle 68–84°; crown length/crown length next to eye=1.59–1.89; head width/pronotum width=1.07–1.11; ocellus diameter/interocular distance=0.29–0.44; crown length/pronotum length=1.74–2.12; pronotum length/pronotum width=0.36–0.38. (Stiller 1986, interocular distance=width across disc of head, between medial margins of eyes 0.42–0.52 mm). Female (n=17). Apex of crown to apex of tegmina 3.27–3.83 mm (Stiller 1986, 2.96–3.32 mm); apex of crown to apex of abdomen 3.85–4.34 mm (Stiller 1986, 3.64–4.00 mm); crown length 0.74–0.96 mm; crown length next to eyes 0.47–0.53 mm; pronotum length 0.41–0.46 mm; head width 1.25–1.33 mm; pronotum width 1.14–1.22 mm (Stiller 1986, 1.10–1.14 mm); ocellus diameter 26–29 µm; interocular distance 65–87 µm; crown angle 67– 85°; crown length/crown length next to eye=1.53–1.84; head width/pronotum width=1.08–1.12; ocellus diameter/ interocular distance=0.30–0.44; crown length/pronotum length=1.75–2.14; pronotum length/pronotum width=0.36– 0.38. (Stiller 1986, interocular distance=width across disc of head, between medial margins of eyes 0.50 mm). Terminalia. Male. Segment 10. Length/width=1.11. Pygofer lobe. Process strongly concave; 3–4 macrosetae, 80–140 µm in length. Subgenital plate. Subgenital plate 1.13–1.46 times longer than wide. Style. Greatest length/greatest width=4.20–4.99; length apophysis/greatest length=0.18–0.31; length base/ length greatest=0.25–0.39; angle of apophysis to sagittal plane 48–51° (Fig. 16S). Connective. Greatest width across arms/greatest width across stem=2.11–2.18; greatest length of arms/greatest length of stem=1.00–1.21; angle of arms 80–83°; greatest length/greatest width=0.66–0.69 (Fig. 16N). Aedeagus. Sublinear in lateral view, anterior margin with pair of apical teeth and pair of processes basally; posterior margin (ventrally, in Stiller 1986) with pair of teeth at mid-length; development of all teeth show variation; gonopore pear-shaped (Fig. 16D, I). Female. Sternite 7. Greatest length/greatest width=0.47; greatest median length/greatest lateral length =0.71, angle of notch 140°. Valvula 1. Parallel-sided, apex acute, sculpture as in P. postspina sp. n. Valvula 2. Serrate in distal half, slightly wider than base. Valvula 3. Margin and submargin with 24 setae near apex (about 15 long setae 27–30 µm, about nine shorter setae up to 25 µm). Valvifer 1. Length/width=1.46–1.66 (n=1). Valvifer 2. Length/width=2.75–2.81 (n=1); seven pore-like structures. Remarks. The combination of features of acute crown, marking of the dorsum of the head, size and specifically the aedeagus distinguish this species. The anterior margin of the aedeagal shaft with apical paired teeth, apex of shaft about as wide as median width, posterior margin with short median paired teeth. This is the only species with apical anterior paired teeth. In P. hawekwae, P. cedarbergensis and P. piketensis the anterior teeth are subapical. In P. postspina sp. n. all teeth are on the posterior margin. The specimen from Dwarsrivier (Fig. 13F) with atypical color pattern of the head, but apical anterior and subapical posterior tooth on the aedeagal shaft. Specimens from De Pakhuys and Lansrivier have the shaft more uniformly tubular, and the former with long posterior teeth. Distribution map and model in Fig. 32B.Published as part of Stiller, Michael & Webb, Michael D., 2022, Leafhoppers of the Fynbos Biome of South Africa: Colistra, Proekes, Proekoides and a new genus (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae, Bonaspeiini), pp. 1-79 in Zootaxa 5199 (1) on pages 41-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5199.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/725176
Pravistylus dentidiscus Stiller 2010, sp. n.
No full text<i>Pravistylus dentidiscus</i> sp. n. <p>(Figs 1 f & g; 2 ai & aj; 3 x; 4 v; 5 o & p; 6 w; 7 j–l; 8 h–j)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. Plates very short, 0.8–0.9 times as long as wide; medial margins, at their apices, forming a Ushaped notch; short triangular or digitate tooth (Figs 2 ai & aj, 8 i). Style distal part far from base; dorsal apophysis short, about as long as width across preapical lobe (Figs 5 o & p). Female sternite 7 posterior margin notch wide, deep, about half as wide as sternite, with acute points on either side (Figs 7 j–l).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. Latin, compound word with tooth (<i>dentis</i>) and plate (<i>discus</i>), for the apical tooth on the subgenital plate.</p> <p> <b>Male and female</b>. Ochraceous. Vertex commonly with 2–3 paired dark brown markings: usually narrow, longitudinal bars near apex; rectangular to irregular markings slightly more posteriad, near ocelli; third pair sometimes absent, near compound eye, at margin next to pronotum. Tegmina with brown marking in inner anteapical cell (Figs 8 h & j). Sometimes with all cells in tegmina embrowned. Hind wing very small.</p> <p> <b>Male</b>. <b>Dimensions</b>. (n = 49) <b>Length</b>: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.5–2.7 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.3–2.7 mm; vertex medially 0.4–0.5 mm; vertex next to eye 0.3 mm; pronotum medially 0.3 mm. <b>Width</b>: head 0.8–0.9 mm; pronotum 0.7–0.8 mm. Ocellar diameter 28.0 µm; ocellocular distance 25.5–37.3 µm.</p> <p> <b>Genital capsule</b>. Pygofer, in lateral view, short, greatest length 0.8–0.9 times as long as greatest width; ventral posterior margin slightly bulbous; dorsal posterior margin broadly rounded, lobate subapically (Figs 1 f & g). Pygofer lobe small, triangular, subapical. Plate short, 0.8–0.9 times as long as wide; broadly triangular, distal medial margins curved gradually or more abruptly laterally, forming U-shaped notch; posterior rounded apex produced into median, digitate or acute sclerotized tooth, sometimes curved or angled dorsally; about 4 macrosetae near apex of plate (Figs 2 ai & aj, 8 i, male, abdomen apex, ventrally); plate 0.8–1.0 times as long as wide. Aedeagus, in lateral view, with shaft arising ventrally from atrium; preatrium reduced; base of shaft basally C-shaped, apical third straight; gonopore lateral, elongate, at apical third of shaft (Figs 3 x, 4 v). Style, distal part far from anterior medial lobe; preapical lobe short (Fig. 5 p, Elim specimen); sometimes apophysis reduced (Fig. 5 o, Giant’s Castle specimen). Connective, dorsal view, as in Fig. 6 w; lateral view, straight.</p> <p> <b>Female</b>. <b>Dimensions</b>. (n = 43) <b>Length</b>: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.6–2.7 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.8–3.0 mm; vertex medially 0.4–0.5 mm; vertex next to eye 0.3–0.6 mm; pronotum medially 0.3 mm. <b>Width</b>: head 0.9 mm; pronotum 0.8 mm. Ocellar diameter 26.5–29.5 µm; ocellocular distance 28.5–43.2 µm.</p> <p> <b>Genitalia.</b> Sternite 7 hind margin with large, deep, rounded notch, flanked by long, sharp points; notch about half as wide as width of sternite (Fig. 7 j, specimen from Giant’s Castle, Fig. 7 k, Meander Hut; Fig. 7 l, Pumula Farm).</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. Holotype male. South Africa, <b>KwaZulu-Natal</b>. Pumula Farm near Champagne Castle Hotel, 29°02ʹS, 29°26ʹE, 16.x.2000, M. Stiller, sweeping, unburned, moribund grass (SANC). Paratypes. 102♂, 96♀, 8 nymphs. <b>Eastern Cape</b>. 1♂, Qachasnek, site no. 31, 30°10ʹS, 28°35ʹE, 1717 m, 29.xi.2005, MDTP survey, sweeping, MDTP 71052. <b>KwaZulu-Natal</b>. 1♂, 1♀, Contour path, Monk’s Cowl Nature Reserve, 29°05ʹS, 29°22ʹE, 1800 m, 25.ii.1995; 3♂, 3♀, Mike’s Pass, 28°58ʹS, 29°14ʹE, 1900 m, 8.xi.1999, sweeping, grass regrowth after burn; 2♂, 3♀, Champagne Castle Hotel vicinity, 29°04ʹS, 29°25ʹE, 16.x.2000, sweeping, unburned, moribund grass; 10♂, 12♀, same data as holotype; all M. Stiller; 6♂, Mike’s Pass, 28°58ʹS, 29°14ʹE, 1900 m, 16.iv.2002, DVac, moribund grass and forbs, 10h00; 7♂, 9♀, 6 nymphs, Mike’s Pass, Cathedral Peak Nature Reserve, 28°58ʹS, 29°14ʹE, 1900–2100 m, 16.iv.2002, DVac, unburned grass outside firebreak DVac, grass in moist, shaded NW slope; 4♂, 5♀, 2 nymphs, Meander Hut, next to road near wetland, 29°16ʹS, 29°32ʹE, 2100 m, 18.iv.2002, DVac, older grassland beyond firebreak; 6♂, 4♀, Meander Hut road, wetland, 29°15ʹS, 29°32ʹE, 2016 m, 18.iv.2002, DVac, longer grass, more diverse than in grassland beyond firebreak; 6♂, 12♀, Giant’s Castle, Nature Reserve 2 km outside entrance gate, 29°15ʹS, 29°31ʹE, 1850 m, 19.iv.2002, DVac, above road; 9♂, 13♀, Highmoor Forestry Station, 29°20ʹS, 29°36ʹE, 2233 m, 19.iv.2002, DVac, common grasses: <i>Koeleria capensis, Microchloa caffra, Tristachya leucothrix,</i> (Poaceae) and <i>Aristea</i> sp. (Iridaceae); 8♂, 7♀, Highmoor Forestry Station, 29°19ʹS, 29°37ʹE, 2200 m, 19.iv.2002, DVac, in grassland with 2 year burn cycle & in grassland on road beyond camp site; all M. Stiller, E. Breytenbach; 1♀, Champagne Castle Hotel vicinity, 29°04ʹS, 29°25ʹE, 16.xi.2002; 1♂, Sterkspruit River valley, Monk’s Cowl Nature Reserve, 29°02ʹS, 29°24ʹE, 1400 m, 3.i.2004, sweeping, regrowth after fire in winter or spring 2003; 2♂, 2♀, Arthur’s Seat mountain, 28°54ʹS, 29°26ʹE, 1583 m, 27.xii.2004, sweeping; all M. Stiller; 1♀, Giant’s Castle, acc. Leaf31, 29°13ʹS, 29°31ʹE, 15.iii.2002, W. Bullock, sweeping; 1♂, 1♀, Giant’s Castle, acc. Sp2leaf19, 29°13ʹS, 29°31ʹE, 4.ix.2002, W. Bullock, sweeping; 1♀, Giant’s Castle, acc. sp3leaf5, 29°12ʹS, 29°31ʹE, 13.xi.2002, W. Bullock, sweeping; 6♂, 3♀, road between Kwa Dlamini and White Mountain Resort, 29°08ʹS, 29°36ʹE, 1532 m, 26.xii.2004, M. Stiller, sweeping; 3♂, 3♀, Cathedral Peak, site no. 21, 28°58ʹS, 29°14ʹE, 1900 m, 17.xi.2005, MDTP survey, sweeping, MDTP 93095; 1♂, 2♀, Cathedral Peak, site no. 26, 28°01ʹS, 29°15ʹE, 1907 m, 19.xi.2005, MDTP survey, sweeping, MDTP 7233; 1♂, Cathedral Peak, site no.25, 28°58ʹS, 29°15ʹE, 1910 m, 19.xi.2005, MDTP survey, sweeping, MDTP 71565; 1♂, 1♀, between Breakfast Stream and base of Sterkhorn, Monk’s Cowl Nature Reserve, 29°31ʹS, 29°32ʹE, 2008 m, 9.i.2007, sweeping, <i>Festuca</i> and other species; 9♂, 5♀, Breakfast Stream, 29°03ʹS, 29°23ʹE, 1965 m, 9.i.2007, sweeping; 1♀, base of Gatberg, Monk’s Cowl Nature Reserve, 29°02ʹS, 29°20ʹE, 2300 m, 9.i.2007, sweeping; <i>Festuca</i> sp., 2♂, 2♀, Hlathikulu Neck, on contour path, Monk’s Cowl Nature Reserve, 29°04ʹS, 29°21ʹE, 1920 m, 9.i.2007, sweeping; <i>Festuca</i> sp., 11♂, 4♀, Hlathikulu Neck, Monk’s Cowl Nature Reserve, 29°02ʹS, 29°21ʹE, 2038 m, 9.i.2007, sweeping; all M. Stiller. <b>Western Cape</b>. 2♂, road between Elim and Bredasdorp, 34°32ʹS, 19°47ʹE, 100 m, 1.iv.2001, M. Stiller, sweeping, <i>Ischyrolepis</i> sp. and <i>Chondropetalum microcarpum</i> (Restionaceae) in wetland grazed and trampled by cattle (BMNH, INHS, SANC).</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. Most specimens are remarkably uniform (Fig. 2 ai, specimen from KwaZulu Natal Province; Fig. 2 aj, specimen from Western Cape Province), except for the orientation of the posterior process of the plate, that may be orientated posteriorly or dorsally at 45º. The pygofer lobe is somewhat variable, large as in Fig. 1 f (KwaZulu-Natal Province) or reduced as in Fig. 1 g (Western Cape Province). The wide notch of the female sternite 7 is unique in this species, showing little variation and without any specimens depicting damage (Fig. 7 j, Giant’s Castle, Fig. 7 k, Meander Hut, Fig. 7 l, Pumula Farm). Parasitized specimens have a Y-shaped connective, without any other significant deformities (out of 23 dissected males, two specimens showed signs of parasitism). The specimen illustrated here with the reduced dorsal apodeme of the style (Fig. 5 o) is not parasitized, or at least has the normal connective.</p>Published as part of <i>Stiller, M., 2010, Revision of the Southern African leafhopper genus Pravistylus (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) 2468, pp. 1-81 in Zootaxa 2468 (1)</i> on pages 15-16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2468.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10094177">http://zenodo.org/record/10094177</a>
Colistra bucapitatus Stiller & Webb 2022, sp. n.
No full textColistra bucapitatus sp. n. (Figs 3A–E, R, 11A–N, 12A–Q, 31C Material examined. Type locality. Holotype male, South Africa, Western Cape province, road between Stanford and Gansbaai, -34.50, 19.43, 2 Apr. 2001, M. Stiller leg., sweeping Stipagrostis zeyheri subsp. zeyheri Poaceae, CCDL27833, SANC. Type specimen. Holotype male, glued to triangle card, pinned, with genitalia in a separate microvial. Original label: “ South Africa / WCape Stanford / -Gansbaai / roadside 34°30ʹS / 19°26ʹE / 150 m 2.iv. /2001 M. Stiller” “swept off / Stipagrostis / zeyheri (Nees) / de Winter / subsp. zeyheri ” “ SANC Pretoria / Dbase# CCDL / 27833 [blue paper]”. Paratypes. 46♂♂, 50♀♀, 24 nymphs. (n=120) South Africa, Western Cape province: 1♀; Sir Lowrys Pass; -34.12, 18.91; 26 Nov. 1964; A.L. Capener leg.; CCDL 28225; SANC. 1♀; Jonkershoek; -33.99, 18.97; 8 Jan. 1968; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 28227; SANC. 1♀; Babylonstoren Malmesbury; -33.57, 18.81; 7 May 1969; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 28221; SANC. 1♀; Slagboom Farm Agter Witsenberg; -33.23, 19.27; 13 Dec. 1969; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 28222; SANC. 1♀; Table Mountain; -33.96, 18.40; 23 Dec. 1969; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 28217; SANC. 1♀; Jonkershoek; -33.99, 18.97; 27 Jan. 1971; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 28230; SANC. 1♂; Jonkershoek; -33.99, 18.97; 31 May 1971; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 18975; SANC. 1♂, 1♀; Jonkershoek; -33.99, 18.97; 23 Nov. 1971; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 28228; SANC. 1♀; Assegaaibos; -33.96, 18.92; 8 Dec. 1971; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 28232; SANC. 1♀; Baardskeerdersbos; -34.59, 19.57; 14 Dec. 1971; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 28226; SANC. 1♂; Jonkershoek; -33.99, 18.97; 10 Feb. 1972; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 28231; SANC. 1♀; Bettys Bay; -34.36, 18.90; 18 May 1974; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 28233; SANC. 1♀; Klipheuwel; -33.72, 18.71; 24 Nov. 1974; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 28224; SANC. 1♀; George; -33.96, 22.44; 31 Jan. 1977; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 28219; SANC. 1♀; Botrivier; -34.23, 19.20; 8 Dec. 1977; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 28220; SANC. 1♂, 1♀; Stellenbosch; -33.93, 18.85; 15 Jun. 1978; L. van Luik leg.; CCDL 08567; SANC. 1♀; Koeel Bay; -34.24, 18.85; 30 Nov. 1979; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 28234; SANC. 1♀; Piketberg mountain top; -34.84, 18.73; 17 Dec. 1981; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 28223; SANC. 1♂; Ceres; -33.37, 19.30; 26 Jan. 1982; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 18977; SANC. 2♀♀; Jonkershoek; -33.99, 18.97; 8 Jul. 1982; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 28229; SANC. 1♂; Natures Valley; -33.98, 23.57; 26 Nov. 1983; N.C. Grobbelaar leg.; CCDL 08566; SANC. 7♂♂, 1♀; Caledon; -34.22, 19.41; 9 Dec. 1985; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 08564; SANC. 1♂; Keurboom river; -34.03, 23.40; 13 Feb. 1990; M. Jonsson leg.; CCDL 08565; SANC. 1♀; Constantiaberg; -34.03, 18.39; 1 Mar. 1995; S. van Noord leg.; CCDL 28116; SANC. 2♂♂, 2♀♀, 3 nymphs; Remhoogte Farm; -32.40, 19.00; 3 Aug. 1996; R.G. Oberprieler, R. Stals, M. Stiller leg.; sweeping Aspalathus linearis Fabaceae; CCDL 08561; SANC. 3♂♂, 4♀♀, 4 nymphs; Papkuilsvlei Farm; -32.66, 18.64; 4 Aug. 1996; R.G. Oberprieler, R. Stals, M. Stiller leg.; sweeping Rooibos tea Aspalathus linearis Fabaceae 3 year old plantation; CCDL 08563; INHC, SANC. 3♀♀; Versveld Pass Piketberg; -32.85, 18.74; 25 Nov. 1996; O.C. Neser, R.G. Oberprieler, M. Stiller leg.; DVac Aspalathus linearis Fabaceae; CCDL 28218; SANC. 1♂; Kriedouw Farm; -32.32, 18.97; 27 Nov. 1996; O.C. Neser, R.G. Oberprieler, M. Stiller leg.; collected on ‘flat form’ of wild Aspalathus linearis Fabaceae; CCDL 08562; SANC. 4♂♂, 5♀♀, 10 nymphs; Stanford-Gansbaai Road; -34.50, 19.43; 2 Apr. 2001; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping Stipagrostis zeyheri subsp. zeyheri Poaceae; CCDL 27833; SANC. 1♂, 1♀; Blaauwberg Hill; -33.75, 18.47; 7 Dec. 2004; M. Stiller leg.; DVac; CCDL 18507; SANC. 3♂♂, 3♀♀; Silvermine Nature Reserve; -34.07, 18.40; 9 Dec. 2004; M. Stiller leg.; DVac; CCDL 18514; SANC. 3♂♂, 1♀; Signal Hill Cape Town; -33.92, 19.40; 10 Dec. 2004; M. Stiller leg.; DVac; CCDL 18509; SANC. 1♀; Grabouw S of Route N2; -34.17, 19.00; 10 Dec. 2004; M. Stiller leg.; DVac Holcus lanatus Poaceae; CCDL 18515; SANC. 2♂♂, 3♀♀; Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve Scarborough; -34.23, 18.42; 10 Dec. 2004; M. Stiller leg.; DVac; CCDL 18513; SANC. 1♀; Gydo Pass N Prince Alfred Hamlet; -33.23, 19.32; 13 Dec. 2004; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping; CCDL 18506; SANC. 2♂♂; Goudini Weg Station NW Worcester; -33.60, 19.33; 13 Dec. 2004; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping Tribolium uniolae, Ehrharta sp (Poaceae) and other plants, regrowth after fire; CCDL 18511; SANC. 1♂; Koeel Bay; -34.24, 18.85; 18 Dec. 2004; M. Stiller leg.; DVac Hyparrhenia anamesa Poaceae; CCDL 18510; SANC. 1♂, 2♀♀; Bettys Bay - Pringle Bay; -34.35, 18.87; 19 Dec. 2004; M. Stiller leg.; DVac rehabilitated refuse dump, Restio spp; CCDL 18508; SANC. 2♂♂; 2 km south Duinepos road junction West Coast National Park; -33.26, 18.20; 2.ii.2006; M. Olmi leg.; CCDL 18324; SANC. 2♀♀; Jamaka farm; -32.34, 19.01; 12 Dec. 2016; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping Aspalathus galeata Fabaceae; CCDL 26634; SANC. 1♂; Cedarberg wilderness; -32.40, 19.04; 14 Dec. 2016; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping Eriocephalus sp. Asteraceae; CCDL 26707; SANC. 1♂; Slanghoek Valley, Wabooms River phytoplasma survey, site 1; -33.56, 19.21; 12 Sep. 2017; J. van Wyk leg.; gVac Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis, Asteraceae; sample number 17-6167-3; CCDL 28469; SANC. 4♂♂, 3♀♀, 3 nymphs; Devils Peak; -33.95, 18.45; 21 Dec. 2019; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping; CCDL 27974; BMNH, SANC. 1♂; Devils Peak; -33.95, 18.44; 21 Dec. 2019; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping; CCDL 27968; SANC. 1♂, 2 nymphs; Brenton-on-Sea, Knysna; -34.07, 23.01; 26 Dec. 2019; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping; Metalasia sp. Asteraceae; CCDL 27880; SANC. 1♂, 1♀; Kruisementvlei & Wolf Kloof farms, Piketberg; -32.805, 18.662; 7 Feb. 2022; M.Stiller leg.; sweeping Stoebe sp. Asteraceae; CCDL 28608; SANC. 1♂; Grootkop vicinity, Scarborough; -34.181, 18.386; 10 Feb. 2022; M.Stiller leg.; sweeping Erica sp. and other shrubs; CCDL 28618; SANC. Diagnosis. Shaft of aedeagus with width at apex 2.1–2.8 times wider than medial width of shaft; dorsal apodeme reduced; paired teeth on shaft variable in size and orientation, at apex or subapex and medially; preatrium about as long as shaft. Etymology. Named for the expanded apex of the aedeagal shaft, in Latin, prefix, bu -, large, huge, great, and capitatus, head. Gender masculine. Description. Male, female and nymph. Color. Head. Marks on head reduced (Fig. 3A) or typical (Fig. 3B–E). Nymph. As in Fig. 3R. Pronotum. Dorsally with 2–4 pairs of brown marks, variable, separate or partially or entirely merged (Fig. 3A–E). Tegmina. Costa yellow, other veins light to dark brown; cells translucent, except discal, brachial and jugal cells, whitish opaque, brown marking in inner and outer discal cells, apical cell 3 and between claval vein 1 and 2 (Fig. 3A–E); females often more markings, including reticulation in claval cells. Morphology. Tegmina. Veins in male in Fig. 11M, female in Fig. 12P. Hind wing. Less than two times longer than wide (length/width=1.82–1.91), triangular; costal margin slightly convex (male, Fig. 11N); in female in Fig. 12Q. Chaetotaxy. Profemur row IC 6–8 long, fine setae. Measurements. Male (n=37). Apex of crown to apex of tegmina 2.65–3.13 mm, apex of crown to apex of abdomen 2.99–3.49 mm; crown length 0.52–0.57 mm; crown length next to eyes 0.37–0.41 mm; pronotum length 0.39–0.44 mm; head width 1.21–1.45 mm; pronotum width 1.12–1.35 mm; ocellus diameter 25–31 µm; interocular distance 54–69 µm; crown angle 96–106°; crown length/crown length next to eye=1.35–1.47; head width/pronotum width=1.05–1.10; ocellus diameter/interocular distance=0.38–0.55; crown length/pronotum length=1.26–1.41; pronotum length/ pronotum width=0.26–0.38. Female (n=42). Apex of crown to apex of tegmina 2.58–3.09 mm, apex of crown to apex of abdomen 3.30–3.95 mm; crown length 0.55–0.61 mm; crown length next to eyes 0.39–0.43 mm; pronotum length 0.40–0.46 mm; head width 1.22–1.47 mm; pronotum width 1.13–1.37 mm; ocellus diameter 26–31 µm; interocular distance 52–71 µm; crown angle 92–104°; crown length/crown length next to eye=1.36–1.47; head width/pronotum width=1.05–1.10; ocellus diameter/interocular distance=0.39–0.57; crown length/pronotum length=1.28–1.43; pronotum length/ pronotum width=0.31–0.38. Terminalia. Male. Segment 10. Lateral margins convergent, sublinear distally, curvate basally, in dorsal view length/width=0.84– 1.07 (n=5) (Fig. 11A), lateral view compressed, parallel-sided (Fig. 11B). Pygofer lobe. 3–5 macrosetae, rarely six, 85–139 µm in length (Fig. 11B, D). Subgenital plate. Greatest length/greatest width=1.15–1.48. Apex of apophysis extended three quarters into plate (Fig. 11C). Style. Greatest length/greatest width=3.82–4.38, length apophysis/greatest length=0.19–0.25; apophysis distally sublinear, angle 38–51°, margins approximately parallel (Fig. 11L, for annotations of length and width see Material and Methods). Connective. Greatest width across arms/width of apex of stem=1.70–1.92, length arms/length stem=0.61–1.94; angle of arms 81–95°; greatest length/greatest width=0.53–0.65 (Fig. 11E, F, for annotations of length and width see Material and Methods). Aedeagus. Apex of shaft in lateral view wide, width at apex, 2.1–2.8 times wider than medial width of shaft (Fig. 11G–K). Anterior margin (Fig. 11G, H) or submargin (Fig. 11J, K) at subapex with paired teeth, variable in size and orientation. Posterior margin, approximately at mid-section with paired, variable teeth, broadly or narrowly triangular, orientation laterad, posteriad, anteriad, origin commonly posteriad to mediad (Fig. 11G–K), rarely anteriad (i.e., Goudini specimen). Dorsal apodeme reduced, pygofer membrane attached at junction between shaft and preatrium. Preatrium right-angled to acutely angled to shaft; sometimes with single tooth-like process near base, on posterior margin (Fig. 11J, K). Female. Sternite 7. Rectangular to trapezoid (distal width/basal width=0.61–0.77, greatest length/greatest width=0.42– 0.46), lateral margins convergent, straight or curvate; posterior margin with V-shaped notch, shallow or commonly deep, laterally uniformly rounded, basal length at notch/greatest length laterally=0.51–0.76 (Fig. 12A–C). Valvula 1. Parallel-sided, apex acuminate (Fig. 12H), sculpture pattern commonly reticulate, striate towards base (Fig. 10L–N). Valvula 2. Serration about in distal half of dorsal margin (Fig. 12I), narrow, short teeth with trough finely serrate (Fig. 12O). Valvula 3. 10–22 marginal to submarginal macrosetae at apex, 25–38 µm long (Fig. 12J, K). Valvifer 1. About as long as wide, dorsal and ventral margins rounded, anterior and posterior apices acute. Length/width=1.25–1.81 (Fig. 12D, E). Valvifer 2. Sculpture pattern longitudinal ovoid to circular denticles (Fig. 12G), Stellenbosch specimen with circular pore-like structure and triangular denticles; length/width=2.59–2.99; whole part in Fig. 12F. Sculpture in five examined valvifers without setae out of 11 dissected ovipositors. Remarks. This species is recognized in lateral view by the wide apex of the shaft, i.e., apex of shaft twice or more as wide as medial width. Variation in the aedeagus is in the width in lateral view of the preatrium, the angle between the shaft and the preatrium, size of the membranous lobe of the preatrium and position, orientation and degree of development of teeth. Some specimens have a short or more elongated tooth at the base of the preatrium. Least typical is the aedeagus of the male from Brenton-on-Sea, which lacks the anterior teeth, apex wider than in anterior or posterior view (e.g., wider than in C. acapitatus, Fig. 13A–F) and gonopore also wider, shaft narrower than in specimens from other localities. Three males from Brenton-on-Sea, Nature’s Valley and Keurboom and arbitrarily, two females from George and Herold (deep and shallow notch on sternite 7 respectively) represent the eastern-most distribution. The aedeagus of specimens in Fig. 6F–H has a similar basal tooth on the preatrium, but that is much longer than the greatest width of the preatrium. The short tooth is recognized in some specimens of C. bucapitatus sp. n. (Fig. 11J, K) and C. acapitatus sp. n. (Fig. 13D). Females, based on dissected and whole specimens, appear to have the notch in the sternite deeper than in C. acapitatus, i.e., basal length at notch/greatest length laterally= 0.46–0.73 in situ and 0.61–0.77 in drawings in C. bucapitatus and 0.71–0.87 in situ and 0.75–0.84 in drawings in C. acapitatus. The holotype is designated from the longest series of specimens, which were swept off grass near the roadside, in regrowth after fire at least one year previously. Most likely the specimens were on interspersed shrubs. Distribution and potential natural distribution model in Fig. 31C.Published as part of Stiller, Michael & Webb, Michael D., 2022, Leafhoppers of the Fynbos Biome of South Africa: Colistra, Proekes, Proekoides and a new genus (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae, Bonaspeiini), pp. 1-79 in Zootaxa 5199 (1) on pages 24-28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5199.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/725176
Geheime Briefe an die gesunde Vernunft : Etwas für lüsterne Leser
No full textAutopsie nach Ex. der SUB Göttingen und der ULB Sachsen-Anhalt HalleVorlageform der Veröffentlichungsangabe: "Constantinopel, 1794." - Veröffentlichungsangabe ermittelt nach: Weller, Emil: Die falschen und fingierten Druckorte. 2. Aufl. 1864, Bd. 1, S. 15
Pravistylus mutilidiscus Stiller 2010, sp. n.
No full text<i>Pravistylus mutilidiscus</i> sp. n. <p>(Figs 1 v & w; 2 ak–ap; 3 i–k; 4 i; 5 v & w; 6 h; 7 ax–bi; 8 al–ar)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. Variable, widely distributed species. Plate posterior margin variably truncate: (a) Medial apex longer than lateral apex (Fig. 2 ao). (b) Medial apex as long as lateral apex, sometimes concave (Fig. 2 ak). (c) Medial apex shorter than lateral apex (Figs 2 al–an & ap). Aedeagus without much intraspecific variation; lateral view, shaft arising dorsally from atrium; preatrium elongate; dorsal apodeme reduced; shaft about twice as long as atrium and preatrium; base C-shaped, apical third straight; dorsal view, base wide, tapering towards apex (Figs 3 i–k, 4 i). Style distal part far from base; dorsal apodeme length variable (Figs 5 v & w). Female sternite 7 variable: Commonly posterior margin with small, shallow notch flanked by acute points (Figs 7 ay, az, bc, bd, bg, bh); rarely narrow, triangular ligula with small V-shaped notch (Figs 7 bf & bi), that appears prone to damage (Figs 7 ax, ba, bb & be).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. Latin, compound word from cut off (<i>mutilatus</i>) and plate (<i>discus</i>), for the apex of the subgenital plate that is square, concave and sometimes with the apices of different length.</p> <p> <b>Male and female</b>. Ochraceous, sometimes two paired markings on anterior margin of vertex. Pronotum sometimes with 2–3 paired, wide, longitudinal brown stripes. Hind wing reduced, triangular, about half as long as tegmina. Tegmina veins opaque, cells translucent, sometimes brown markings in inner anteapical cells, sometimes other cells (Fig. 8 al–ar). About 4% of examined specimens (mainly males) macropterous, hind wings normal (Fig. 8 aq).</p> <p> <b>Male</b>. <b>Dimensions</b>. (n = 107) <b>Length</b>: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.3–2.7 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.5–2.9 mm; vertex medially 0.4–0.5 mm; vertex next to eye 0.3 mm; pronotum medially 0.3 mm. <b>Width</b>: head 0.8–0.9 mm; pronotum 0.7–0.8 mm. Ocellar diameter 26.8–29.5 µm; ocellocular distance 36.2–52.4 µm.</p> <p> <b>Genital capsule</b>. Pygofer, in lateral view, rectangular (Fig. 1 v) or square (Fig. 1 w); ventral posterior margin broadly rounded; dorsal posterior margin lobate. Pygofer lobe subapical, short, bluntly rounded, base wide, about half as wide as pygofer (Figs 1 v & w). Plate length, posterior margin shape: variable (Figs 2 ak– ap). Length varies from wider than long to much longer than wide; commonly 0.7–1.0 times as long as wide; rarely more elongate (in 6 out of 346 examined specimens left and right plates were 1.2–1.6 times as long as wide). Posterior margin generally truncate, sometimes concave; base of plate roughly triangular; median margin straight or curved, lateral margin slightly sinuous. Posterior apex of plate variable, three states recognized: medial and lateral apex of equal length (Fig. 2 ak); medial apex produced more than lateral apex (Fig. 2 ao); lateral apex produced more than medial apex (Figs 2 al–an & ap). Macrosetae uniseriate, distal setae often obscuring lateral margin of plate apex; lateral margin of plate apex usually weakly sclerotized. Medial posterior margin sometimes produced into sclerotized, dorsally directed tooth (Figs 2 am–ap). Aedeagal shaft, in lateral view, arising dorsally from atrium; preatrium elongate; dorsal apodeme reduced; base C-shaped, apical third straight; shaft, dorsal view, wide basally, tapering towards apex; gonopore oblique, lateral (Figs 3 i–k, 4 i). Style distal part far from anterior medial lobe; apophysis of variable length, parallel-sided; apex truncate, usually three ventral teeth; preapical angle and lobe acute; variant with elongate apophysis sometimes reaching beyond apical margin of plate (Figs 5 v & w). Connective in lateral view with stem apex curved dorsally; in dorsal view, stem one third as long as arms, of similar width (Fig. 6 h).</p> <p> <b>Female</b>. <b>Dimensions</b>. (n = 39) <b>Length</b>: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.5–2.9 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 3.0– 3.4 mm; vertex medially 0.5 mm; vertex next to eye 0.3–0.4 mm; pronotum medially 0.3–0.4 mm. <b>Width</b>: head 0.9–1.0 mm; pronotum 0.8–0.9 mm. Ocellar diameter 26.4–29.6 µm; ocellocular distance 41.7–61.1 µm.</p> <p> <b>Genitalia.</b> Sternite 7 variable (Figs 7 ax–bi). Usually posterior margin with small, shallow notch, flanked by short points; width of notch about one fifth as wide as width of sternite (Figs 7 ay, az, bc, bd, bg & bh). Rarely posterior margin more variable; narrow triangular ligula with narrow V-shaped or rounded notch (Figs 7 bb, bf & bi); ligula of variable length, often broken off or with margin variably frayed margin (Figs 7 ax, ba & be).</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. Holotype male. South Africa, <b>Eastern Cape</b>. Hartfell Farm, north Somerset East, 32°39ʹS, 25°36ʹE, 1396 m, 23.iv.2006, DVac, two grazed habitats, with more or less <i>Themeda triandra</i>, and many other common grass species (SANC). Paratypes. 515♂, 272♀, 31 nymphs. <b>Eastern Cape</b>. 1♂, Pirrie Dam, 32°43ʹS, 27°08ʹE, 15.xi.1944, J. Omer Cooper; 1♂, Tsolo, 31°15ʹS, 28°47ʹE, 24.v.1970, H. Geertsema; 10♂, 3♀, East London, 33°01ʹS, 27°55ʹE, 15.xii.1974; 8♂, Humansdorp, 34°01ʹS, 24°45ʹE, 3.ii.1977, sweeping; 1♂, Kareedouw, 33°57ʹS, 24°17ʹE, 8.ii.1977; 1♂, Joubertina, 33°50ʹS, 23°51ʹE, 20.i.1982; 1♂, Cathcart, 32°18ʹS, 27°12ʹE, 20.i.1984, sweeping; 2♂, King William’s Town, 32°50ʹS, 27°26ʹE, 21.i.1984, sweeping; 21♂, 8♀, Stutterheim, 32°33ʹS, 27°28ʹE, 21.i.1984, sweeping; 8♂, 3♀, Bathurst, 33°50ʹS, 26°49ʹE, 22.i.1984, sweeping; 2♂, Port Alfred, 33°40ʹS, 26°47ʹE, 22.i.1984; 6♂, 1♀, Aliwal North, 30°45ʹS, 26°45ʹE, 12.i.1986; 6♂, 3♀, Lady Grey, 30°40ʹS, 27°15ʹE, 12.i.1986; all J.G. Theron; 2♂, 1♀, Rhodes, 30°48ʹS, 27°58ʹE, 23.iv.2000, sweeping, grazed grass & forbs; 2♂, 1♀, Rhodes, 30°48ʹS, 27°58ʹE, 23.iv.2000, sweeping, grass; 15♂, 8♀, Lundin’s Neck road near Barkly East junction, 30°51ʹS, 27°57ʹE, 26.iv.2000, sweeping, short grass; 1♂, Balloch Peak, base, SE slope, near Lundin’s Neck, 30°40ʹS, 27°42ʹE, 2100 m, 28.iii.2005, sweeping, broad-leaved grass, no flower; 2♂, 1♀, Wildfell Farm, 30°40ʹS, 27°48ʹE, 2180 m, 29.iii.2005, sweeping, grazed grass; 5♂, 1♀, Halseton Krans, 30°42ʹS, 27°47ʹE, 2200 m, 1.iv.2005, sweeping, short grass; all M. Stiller; 6♂, Prentjiesberg, site 47, 31°06ʹS, 28°12ʹE, 1570 m, 11.xi.2005, MDTP survey, sweeping; 2♂, 1♀, Prentjiesberg, site 48, 31°06ʹS, 28°12ʹE, 1579 m, 11.xi.2005, MDTP survey, sweeping; 1♀, Prentjiesberg, site 52, 31°08ʹS, 28°11ʹE, 1460 m, 13.xi.2005, MDTP survey, sweeping; 3♂, 1♀, Wapadsberg Pass between Graaff Reinet and Cradock, 31°55ʹS, 24°54ʹE, 1700 m, 2.i.2006, sweeping; 2♂, 1♀, Bakenkop near Tarkastad, 32°16ʹS, 26°25ʹE, 1759 m, 19.iv.2006, DVac, roadside and grazed pasture; 8♂, 9♀, 1 nymph, Devil’s Bellows Neck, 32°25ʹS, 26°40ʹE, 1750 m, 19.iv.2006, DVac, <i>Festuca</i> sp.; 5♂, 1♀, Devil’s Bellows Neck, 32°25ʹS, 26°40ʹE, 1646 m, 19.iv.2006, DVac, grazed pasture, <i>Festuca</i> sp.; 6♂, 3♀, Freredell, north, 31°20ʹS, 26°42ʹE, 1741 m, 19.iv.2006, DVac, <i>Miscanthus</i> sp.; 2♂, 1♀, 1 nymph, Joubert Pass, Lady Grey, 30°43ʹS, 27°15ʹE, 1920 m, 19.iv.2006, DVac, grazed grass along roadside; 6♂, 1♀, between Molteno and Queenstown, 31°23ʹS, 26°40ʹE, 1788 m, 19.iv.2006, DVac, grass on road side; 9♂, 2♀, Penhoek, between Aliwal North and Queenstown, 31°26ʹS, 26°41ʹE, 1854 m, 19.iv.2006, DVac, pasture; 1♂, Greenbushes Station, west Port Elizabeth, 33°56ʹS, 25°25ʹE, 208 m, 21.iv.2006, DVac, <i>Stenotaphrum</i> sp.; 6♂, 5♀, Jeffrey’s Bay, 34°05ʹS, 24°55ʹE, 21.iv.2006, DVac, irrigated pasture: <i>Cenchrus ciliaris</i> and <i>Cynodon dactylon</i> dominant; 22♂, 9♀, Uitsig Farm, Humansdorp, 34°01ʹS, 24°49ʹE, 170 m, 21.iv.2006, DVac, grazed grass in valley on hill; 2♂, Glazenwood Farm, Bathurst, 33°32ʹS, 26°50ʹE, 116 m, 22.iv.2006, DVac; 2♂, Charlton Farm, north Somerset East, 32°40ʹS, 25°40ʹE, 1271 m, 23.iv.2006, DVac, unpalatable grass in pasture; 11♂, 12♀, 7 nymphs, at Grahamstown and Alicedale road junction, 33°24ʹS, 26°22ʹE, 560 m, 23.iv.2006, DVac, road reserve and grazed pasture; 11♂, 9♀, 2 nymphs, same data as holotype; 4♂, 2♀, Hartfell Farm, north Somerset East, 32°39ʹS, 25°37ʹE, 1362 m, 23.iv.2006, DVac, <i>Eragrostis</i> sp.; 6♂, 4♀, Olifantskop Pass, between Patterson and Cookhouse, 33°18ʹS, 25°57ʹE, 713 m, 23.iv.2006, DVac, disturbed grassland; 12♂, Stone Hill, Grahamstown, 33°20ʹS, 26°33ʹE, 698 m, 23.iv.2006, DVac, grass regrowth after fire; 1♂, 6♀, Tharfield Farm, east Port Alfred, 33°32ʹS, 27°00ʹE, 42 m, 23.iv.2006, DVac, pasture, <i>Stenotaphrum</i> sp.; 9♂, 7♀, Doon Farm, Thomas River Cathcart, 32°28ʹS, 27°17ʹE, 1115 m, 24.iv.2006, DVac, wet grass on ridge with Aloes; 2♂, 3♀, Henderson Heights, NE Cathcart, 32°15ʹS, 27°11ʹE, 1270 m, 24.iv.2006, DVac, grazed pasture; 6♂, 2♀, Granta Farm, Komga, 32°37ʹS, 27°46ʹE, 784 m, 25.iv.2006, DVac, two habitats: lightly & intensively grazed pasture; 6♂, 3♀, 1 nymph, between Dordrecht and Rossouw, 31°48ʹS, 26°06ʹE, 1767 m, 26.iv.2006, DVac, road reserve; 2♂, 2♀, Dordrecht, south, 31°26ʹS, 27°02ʹE, 1723 m, 26.iv.2006, DVac, road reserve, soggy soil, not grazed; 6♂, 4♀, Groendal, Dordrecht, 31°09ʹS, 27°06ʹE, 1804 m, 26.iv.2006, DVac, road reserve; 8♂, 3♀, 1 nymph, between Barkly East and Elliot, 31°12ʹS, 27°58ʹE, 1962 m, 27.iv.2006, DVac, road reserve and grazed pasture; 8♂, 4♀, between Elliot and Rhodes, 31°06ʹS, 27°52ʹE, 1884 m, 27.iv.2006, DVac, road verge: <i>Eragrostis</i>, <i>Miscanthus</i> spp and <i>Themeda triandra</i> common; 1♂, between Maclear and Rhodes, 30°52ʹS, 28°11ʹE, 1739 m, 27.iv.2006, DVac, habitat around a pine plantation. <i>Festuca</i> sp. along margin of plantation, and grass beyond plantation; 10♂, 4♀, 1 nymph, between Naude’s Neck and Maclear, 30°45ʹS, 28°07ʹE, 2279 m, 27.iv.2006, DVac, three habitats: grazed grass, <i>Festuca</i> sp. and <i>Andropogon</i> ? <i>appendiculatus</i>; 5♂, 2♀, between Rhodes and Naudé’s Neck, 30°43ʹS, 28°06ʹE, 2390 m, 27.iv.2006, DVac, <i>Merxmuellera</i> sp. regrowth after fire, <i>Merxmuellera</i> sp.; 8♂, 8♀, Rhodes, 30°51ʹS, 27°54ʹE, 1965 m, 27.iv.2006, DVac, short grass and forbs, grazed pasture, <i>Eragrostis</i> sp. dominant; 5♂, 1♀, Mdlandkomo Administration Area, east Umtata, 31°33ʹS, 28°55ʹE, 973 m, 28.iv.2006, DVac, long grass and sedges, in little grazed pasture, wet soil; 2♂, 3♀, junction between Umtata and Tsolo, 31°22ʹS, 28°49ʹE, 1048 m, 28.iv.2006, DVac, roadside reserve and grazed pasture; 12♂, 8♀, 4 nymphs, Prentjiesberg, 31°07ʹS, 28°10ʹE, 1428 m, 29.iv.2006; 5♂, 2♀, Zwelitcha near Tsolo, 31°10ʹS, 28°34ʹE, 1335 m, 29.iv.2006, DVac, pasture; 19♂, 18♀, 2 nymphs, Dwesa Nature Reserve, coastal dune, 32°17ʹ23.54ʺS, 28°51ʹ24.50ʺE, 50 m, 30.xii.2008, sweeping grass and forbs; 1♂, 6♀, Qumbu vicinity, 31°09ʹ30.04ʺS, 28°53ʹ30.54ʺE, 1018 m, 3.i.2009, sweeping short grazed grass; all M. Stiller. <b>Free State</b>. 15♂, 1♀, Golden Gate, 28°31ʹS, 28°37ʹE, 6.i.1971, R. Kluge; 1♂, Kroonstad, 27°46ʹS, 27°12ʹE, 21.i.1975; 4♂, 2♀, Reitz, 22°25ʹS, 30°16ʹE, 22.i.1975, sweeping; 1♂, Tweeling, 27°33ʹS, 28°31ʹE, 22.i.1975; 2♂, 2♀, Vrede, 27°26ʹS, 29°10ʹE, 22.i.1975; 1♂, Vrede, 27°26ʹS, 29°10ʹE, 8.iii.1976, G.D. van Rensburg; 5♂, 1♀, Ficksburg, 28°53ʹS, 27°53ʹE, 19.xii.1978; 2♂, Fouriesburg, 28°37ʹS, 28°13ʹE, 19.xii.1978; 13♂, 5♀, Kestell, 28°46ʹS, 28°40ʹE, 19.xii.1978; 4♂, 1♀, Ficksburg, 28°53ʹS, 27°53ʹE, 30.i.1981, sweeping; 8♂, 7♀, Warden, 27°56ʹS, 29°00ʹE, 30.i.1981, sweeping; 2♀, Golden Gate, 28°31ʹS, 28°37ʹE, 20.xii.1982; 1♀, Reddersburg, 29°38ʹS, 26°07ʹE, 23.i.1983; 1♂, Thaba Nchu, 29°13ʹS, 26°50ʹE, 7.i.1986, sweeping; 19♂, 6♀, Golden Gate Park, 28°31ʹS, 28°37ʹE, 8.i.1986; all J.G. Theron; 6♀, Clarens, 28°31ʹS, 28°29ʹE, 26.i.1991, sweeping; 3♂, Koppies Dam Nature Reserve, 27°15ʹS, 27°41ʹE, 22.ii.1993, <i>Cynodon dactylon;</i> 1♂, Buckland Downs Farm, near Harrismith, 27°58ʹS, 29°07ʹE, 15.iv.1998; 6♂, 7♀, Wonderwater Strip Mine, 26°47ʹS, 27°48ʹE, 1450 m, 11.ii.1998, old game park, seasonally wet marshland; grassland at entrance garden, translocated rehabilitation; wetland near Wonderfontein spring; 8♂, 6♀, same data as above, but, 17.xii.1998, old game park, marshland grassland; 1♂, 1♀, same data as above, but, 12.v.1999, old game park, marshland grassland; 2♂, same data as above, but, 23.xi.1999, grassland at entrance garden, translocated rehabilitation; 2♂, same data as above, but, 10.iv.2000 grassland at entrance garden, translocated rehabilitation; 2♂, Cornelia vicinity, 27°13ʹS, 28°47ʹE, 22.x.2000, sweeping, moribund grass near river; all M. Stiller; 1♀, Zastron, 1 km N, 30°15ʹS, 27°04ʹE, 1550 m, 5.iii.2002, DVac, dry embankment on road verge, with <i>Themeda triandra</i> dominant; 6♀, Harrismith, 20 km NNE, 28°07ʹS, 29°10ʹE, 1740 m, 6.iii.2002; 6♂, 4♀, Kommandonek, NE Ficksburg, 28°48ʹS, 28°00ʹE, 1650 m, 6.iii.2002, sweeping; all M. Stiller, J. du Plessis; 7♂, 2♀, Koloniesplaas, Memel, 27°42ʹS, 28°36ʹE, 1850 m, 14.xi.2003, sweeping, short, grazed grass (> 50 mm long); 1♀, Woudsicht road, 14 km S Vrede, 27°34ʹS, 29°00ʹE, 1800 m, 4.i.2004, sweeping, grass in road reserve; 5♂, 3♀, 1 nymph, Clarens, 8 km N on Bethlehem road, 28°27ʹS, 28°25ʹE, 1700 m, 2.i.2006, sweeping; 4♂, 1♀, between Tweeling and Frankfort, 27°27ʹS, 28°31ʹE, 1550 m, 2.i.2006, sweeping; 8♂, 9♀, 13 km W Memel on route R34, 27°39ʹ53.35ʺS, 29°27ʹ05.37ʺE, 1910 m, 25.xii.2008, sweeping grass and forbs in grazed pasture; all M. Stiller. <b>Gauteng</b>. 3♂, Devon, 26°27ʹS, 28°46ʹE, 8.iii.1976, G.D. Van Rensburg; 1♂, 1♀, Suikerbosrand Nature Reserve, 26°31ʹS, 28°14ʹE, 21.ii.1995, DVac meadow; 13♂, 13♀, Devon, 2 km S, 26°24ʹS, 28°45ʹE, 1680 m, 14.iii.2002, DVac, Themeda triandra dominated grassland in waterlogged soil; 1♂, Colbyn Nature Area, 25°44ʹS, 28°16ʹE, 1400 m, 4.iv.2003, sweeping; 2♂, 1♀, Diepkloof summit, Suikerbosrand Nature Reserve, 26°29ʹS, 28°12ʹE, 1840 m, 22.iii.2005, DVac, <i>Themeda triandra</i> dominated grassland on the summit, collected at 11h30; 7♂, 10♀, Toringkop, Suikerbosrand Nature Reserve, 26°30ʹS, 28°13ʹE, 1900 m, 22.iii.2005, DVac, grass and forbs on rock outcrop, with <i>Melinis repens</i> dominant; 11♂, 9♀, Leondale, SE Johannesburg, 26°17ʹS, 28°10ʹE, 13.iv.2005, DVac, grass along margin of marsh; 7♂, 2♀, Vaal Dam near Aeolians Sailing Club, 26°49ʹS, 28°10ʹE, 1500 m, 20.iii.2006, sweeping, grass in overgrazed meadow, and grass in wetland, with <i>Setaria</i> sp. dominant; all M. Stiller. <b>KwaZulu-Natal</b>. 2♂, Durban, 29°53ʹS, 31°00ʹE, 7.i.1971, R. Kluge; 1♂, 2♀, Van Reenen, 28°22ʹS, 29°24ʹE, 19.xii.1978, J.G. Theron, sweeping; 1♂, Elandslaagte, 28°27ʹS, 29°29ʹE, 21.i.1981, J.G. Theron; 7♂, 5♀, Evatt Police Station, 30°02ʹS, 29°21ʹE, 1790 m, 23.iv.2002, DVac, heavily grazed grassland, as well less grazed pasture; 1♂, 1♀, Orange River catchment, wetland, 28°54ʹS, 29°00ʹE, 2870 m, 16.iv.2006, sweeping, wetland grasses and sedges; 15♂, 8♀, 5 nymphs, Mt. Currie, 30°29ʹS, 29°23ʹE, 1524 m, 30.iv.2006, DVac, wet grass in road reserve; all M. Stiller. <b>Mpumalanga</b>. 2♂, 2♀, Ermelo, 26°32ʹS, 29°59ʹE, 24.xi.1971, R. Kluge; 1♂, Bethal, 26°27ʹS, 29°28ʹE, 22.i.1975, J.G. Theron, sweeping; 1♂, 1♀, Suikerboschfontein Farm, 25°56ʹS, 30°19ʹE, 1700 m, 3.ii.2001, M. Stiller, sweeping; 1♂, Ossewakop, Wakkerstroom, 27°23ʹS, 30°09ʹE, 2160 m, 7.iii.2002, M. Stiller, J. du Plessis, DVac, grassland, tall grass growing in deep soil; 1♀, Carolina, 7 km SE, 26°09ʹS, 30°08ʹE, 1650 m, 8.iii.2002, M. Stiller, J. du Plessis; 2♂, 2♀, Lawreston Farm, 26°28ʹS, 28°54ʹE, 1600 m, 14.iii.2002, M. Stiller, DVac, short grass after mowing; 8♂, 3♀, 6 nymphs, Cedarmont Road, 26°44ʹS, 29°03ʹE, 1550 m, 4.i.2004, M. Stiller, sweeping. <b>North West</b>. 3♂, 2♀, Ventersdorp, 26°15ʹS, 26°45ʹE, 23.i.1975, J.G. Theron, sweeping; 1♂, Vredefort Dome near Parys, 26°48ʹS, 27°22ʹE, 26.xii.2000, M. Stiller, sweeping; 1♂, Middelwater Farm, 25°41ʹS, 28°00ʹE, 18.iv.2003, M. Stiller, sweeping, grass and forbs on summit of mountain. <b>Western Cape</b>. 2♂, Prince Alfred’s Pass near Uniondale, 33°46ʹS, 25°10ʹE, 1.ii.1977, J.G. Theron, sweeping (BMNH, INHS, SANC).</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. This species is highly variable, but without morphological features that consistently suggest that it is a complex of species. Generally the aedeagus is consistent in shape and size throughout all examined specimens (Figs 3 i–k). In some specimens the aedeagal shaft is broken, which appears to be a common occurrence in this species. No discrete patterns were recognized in the plate and shape of the style apophysis. For instance a long style apophysis is present in the short plate (Fig. 2 al) (Bathurst specimen) and in the long plate (Fig. 2 ak) (East London and Zwetlitcha specimens). The combination of a long plate and long style apophysis was not common and was often sympatric with specimens with the short plate and short style apophysis (e.g. Bathurst specimens, Fig 2 al–an). Generally most specimens have a short plate and short style apophysis that does not project beyond the posterior margin of the plate (Figs 2 am–ap). Parasitized specimens possess a Y-shaped connective, and sometimes have an enlarged style.</p> <p>Two types of female sternite 7 are recognized (e.g. Figs 7 ay & az, and Figs 7 bb & bf, respectively) with both present at some of the localities. The small shallow notch was found in 68% of all examined specimens (n = 225) and appears to be most common in the more northern range of the species. The short ligula in 14% of specimens and long ligula in 4%. This more elongate ligula was more common in the southern range. Female recognition is further complicated by the apparently common breakage of the ligula of the 7th sternite. This occurred in about 14% of all examined females.</p>Published as part of <i>Stiller, M., 2010, Revision of the Southern African leafhopper genus Pravistylus (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) 2468, pp. 1-81 in Zootaxa 2468 (1)</i> on pages 33-36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2468.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10094177">http://zenodo.org/record/10094177</a>
Pravistylus interdiscus Stiller 2010, sp. n.
No full text<i>Pravistylus interdiscus</i> sp. n. <p>(Figs 1 n; 2 r & s; 3 aa; 4 y; 5 r; 7 ab–af; 8 y)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. Medial margins of plates parallel or divergent, straight or convex; apex rounded or truncate, transition distinct between digitate apex and lateral and medial subapical margins; apices posteriad or curved mediad (Figs 2 r & s). Style distal part far from base (Fig. 5 r). Aedeagus, lateral view, widely U-shaped (Fig. 3 aa).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. Latin, plate (<i>discus</i>) and intermediate (<i>inter</i>), for the plate that is intermediate in shape between a number of other species.</p> <p> <b>Male and female</b>. Ochraceous. Markings on vertex dark brown or light brown; indistinct, sometimes paired, wedge shaped markings at apex; rectangular paired marking near ocellus; paired irregular marking on disc near coronal suture; 3 pairs longitudinal light brown markings on pronotum; rarely with dark brown stripes. Tegmina with fuscous markings in most or all cells. Pale form of male as in Fig. 8 y.</p> <p> <b>Male</b>. <b>Dimensions</b>. (n = 19) <b>Length</b>: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.5–2.8 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.3–2.7 mm; vertex medially 0.4–0.5 mm; vertex next to eye 0.3 mm; pronotum medially 0.3 mm. <b>Width</b>: head 0.9 mm; pronotum 0.7–0.8 mm. Ocellar diameter 26.0–29.2 µm; ocellocular distance 27.8–41.4 µm.</p> <p> <b>Genital capsule</b>. Pygofer, in lateral view, with dorsal posterior margin lobate; ventral posterior margin broadly rounded, expanded, with microtrichia (Fig. 1 n). Pygofer lobe acutely or narrowly triangular, about one quarter width of pygofer (Fig. 1 n). Plates roughly triangular, with medial margins curved, generally divergent, subapically slightly concave; apices digitate, of variable length, narrowly rounded (Fig. 2 r) or acute (Fig. 2 s); apices sometimes curving towards each other or directed posteriad; 4–7 macrosetae medially; plate 1.4–1.9 times as long as wide. Aedeagal shaft, in lateral view, arising ventrally from atrium; preatrium short, widely U- or C-shaped; gonopore lateroventral, elongate (Figs 3 aa, 4 y). Style distal part far from anterior medial lobe; apophysis curved, tapered acutely, lateroventral margin toothed (Fig. 5 r). Connective, in lateral view, straight.</p> <p> <b>Female</b>. <b>Dimensions</b>. (n = 12) <b>Length</b>: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.4–3.0 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.8–3.0 mm; vertex medially 0.4–0.5 mm; vertex next to eye 0.3–0.4 mm; pronotum medially 0.3 mm. <b>Width</b>: head 0.9–1.0 mm; pronotum 0.8–0.9 mm. Ocellar diameter 23.1–29.4 µ m; ocellocular distance 29.0–41.0 µm.</p> <p> <b>Genitalia.</b> Sternite 7 median ligula base broad, almost as wide as base of sternite; apical rounded notch (Fig. 7 ab, short ligula, specimen from Mbundini; Figs 7 ac & ae, elongate ligula, specimen from Royal Natal Park; Fig. 7 ad (notch closed), specimen from Royal Natal Park; Fig. 7 af, ligula of intermediate length, specimen from Witsieshoek).</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. Holotype male. South Africa, <b>KwaZulu-Natal</b>. Royal Natal National Park, camp site, 28°42ʹS, 28°57ʹE, 13.xi.1999, M. Stiller, sweeping, short grass in fire break, and unburned grass (SANC). Paratypes. 29♂, 16♀, 4 nymphs. <b>KwaZulu-Natal</b>. 1♂, 2♀, Tendele, 28°42ʹS, 28°55ʹE, 19.i.1981, J.G. Theron, sweeping; 9 #, 4♀, same data as holotype; 2♂, 1♀, Witsieshoek Mountain Resort, 28°40ʹS, 28°53ʹE, 2140 m, 15.iv.2002, DVac, short grass and forbs, windward, w-slope, wet grass; 1♂, 1♀, Witsieshoek Mountain Resort, 28°43ʹS, 28°53ʹE, 2420 m, 16.iv.2002, DVac, long grass on steep S-facing slope <i>Pentaschistis tysonii</i> common; 1♂, Mike’s Pass, Cathedral Peak Nature Reserve, 28°59ʹS, 29°13ʹE, 2094 m, 16.iv.2002, DVac, grass on moist, shaded NW-facing slope; 2♂, road between Dargle and Boston, 29°35ʹS, 30°01ʹE, 1730 m, 25.iv.2002, DVac; all M. Stiller, E. Breytenbach; 6♂, 4♀, junction between Mbundini and Fangs Passes, upper Mnweni Valley, 28°52ʹS, 28°58ʹE, 2000 m, 25.iv.2004, M. Stiller, sweeping, <i>Diheteropogon amplectans</i> dominant; 3♂, 2♀, Dlamini’s Kraal, Mnweni Valley, 28°48ʹS, 29°05ʹE, 1550 m, 27.iv.2004, M. Stiller, sweeping, wet grass; 1♂, Cathedral Peak, 28°58ʹS, 29°14ʹE, 1900 m, 17.xi.2005, MDTP survey, yellow pan trap; 4♂, 2♀, 3 nymphs, Cathedral Peak, 28°53ʹS, 29°15ʹE, 1807 m, 19.xi.2005, MDTP survey, sweeping, also white and blue pan traps; 1♂, Rockeries Pass, below summit, 28°53ʹS, 29°10ʹE, 16.iv.2006, M. Stiller, sweeping (BMNH, INHS, SANC, DCEE).</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. This species is difficult to distinguish as its plate shape (Figs 2 r & s) is similar to that of <i>P. oxyphysis</i> <b>sp. n.</b> (Figs 2 o & p). The plates of some specimens of <i>P. interdiscus</i> with apices directed posteriad are more similar to those of <i>P. oxyphysis</i>. In <i>P. oxyphysis</i> the medial margins of the plate are contiguous or only slightly divergent, but always straight. The apex of the plate of <i>P. oxyphysis</i> is formed by the sinuous lateral margin and the straight medial margin. In <i>P. interdiscus</i> the apex of the plate is produced by the sinuous medial margin and sometimes a straight or sinuous lateral margin. Furthermore the apices sometimes curve medially in <i>P. interdiscus</i>, whereas in <i>P. oxyphysis</i> they are always directed posteriad. Another difference between these two species is in the apophysis of the style, shape and position of the pygofer lobe and to an extent in the shape of the aedeagus. In the style of <i>P. oxyphysis</i> the denticulation is near the ventromedial margin, with the apophysis straight and acute (Figs 5 y & z). In <i>P. interdiscus</i> the denticulation is on the ventrolateral margin, with the apophysis curved (Fig. 5 r). <i>Pravistylus interdiscus</i> has been found only in a few localities in KwaZulu-Natal, whereas <i>P. oxyphysis</i> occurs more widely in other provinces and in KwaZulu-Natal Province. Additionally these two latter species may be distinguished easily by the colour pattern and wing length. <i>Pravitylus interdiscus</i> has fuscous markings, and is submacropterous (Fig. 8 y); <i>P. oxyphysis</i> does not have fuscous markings, and is brachypterous (Figs 8 au–aw). Females of <i>P. interdiscus</i> (Figs 7 ab–af) and <i>P. oxyphysis</i> (Figs 7 bm–bo) share a similar shape of the sternite 7, although the ligula of <i>P. interdiscus</i> is sometimes longer. Some female specimens of <i>P. interdiscus</i> from the Royal Natal Park have two forms of the sternite 7. It either has a narrow, triangular ligula with a notch or the ligula is broadly triangular with a minute or closed notch (Fig. 7 ad). Similar female specimens with the closed notch occur in <i>P. micropygeus</i> <b>sp. n.</b> (Fig. 7 av). However, the shape of the plate (Fig. 2 ac) of males of <i>P. micropygeus</i> (pygofer, Fig. 1 t; aedeagus lateral view, Fig. 3 y; aedeagus dorsal view, Fig. 4 w; style, Fig. 5 u) are readily distinguishable from the plate (Figs 2 r & s) of males of <i>P. interdiscus</i> (pygofer, Fig. 1 n; aedeagus lateral view, Fig. 3 aa; aedeagus dorsal view, Fig. 4 y; style, Fig. 5 r).</p>Published as part of <i>Stiller, M., 2010, Revision of the Southern African leafhopper genus Pravistylus (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) 2468, pp. 1-81 in Zootaxa 2468 (1)</i> on pages 23-24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2468.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10094177">http://zenodo.org/record/10094177</a>
Geelus nektanddraad Stiller 2020, sp.n.
No full text<i>Geelus nektanddraad</i> sp.n. <p>(Figs 7 D–H, 9A–K)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. Aedeagal shaft curvate with two pairs of median teeth, dorsal apodeme reduced, preatrium angled 270° to shaft. Pygofer process smooth, sublinear, orientation posteroventrad. Female sternite 7 with widely notched median ligula, recessed or flush with lateral margin.</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. Afrikaans compound word, nouns in apposition, <i>nek</i> = neck, mid-section, and <i>tand</i> = tooth, for the two pairs of distinct teeth medially on the shaft of the aedeagus. Gender masculine.</p> <p> <b>Male</b>. <b>Measurements</b>. n=24. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 4.75–5.05 mm. Crown median length 0.39–0.42 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.32–0.35 mm. Pronotum length 0.48–0.52 mm. Head width across eyes 1.36–1.45 mm. Pronotum width 1.29–1.38 mm. Ocellus diameter 39.3–51.1 μm; interocular distance 66.8– 81.8 µm. Apical angle of crown 120°±1.8°.</p> <p> <b>Pygofer lobe</b>. Process orientation posteroventrad, sublinear, edentate, origin mediodorsally near base of pygofer lobe; pygofer lobe slightly narrower than pygofer, broadly triangular, apex triangular; anterior apodeme short, laterodorsal. Apex of pygofer lobe extend beyond apex of subgenital plate (Fig. 9F).</p> <p> <b>Anal tube</b>. Tubular (Fig. 9G).</p> <p> <b>Subgenital plate</b>. Number of macrosetae, 3–4; medioposterior angle, round; length: width 0.8–0.9; position of macrosetae, distal half (Fig. 9E).</p> <p> <b>Valve</b>. Shape crescentic (Fig. 9E).</p> <p> <b>Style</b>. Apophysis with subapical, lateroventral tooth; apical tooth ventral; apophysis width at base about two thirds of width across preapical lobe; ratio length to width of apophysis 3.4–4.8 (Fig. 9C).</p> <p> <b>Connective</b>. Stem length relative to arm length, half as long as arms; stem width relative to width across arms, half as wide as greatest width across arms (Fig. 9D).</p> <p> <b>Aedeagus</b>. Shaft thick; apex of shaft blunt, partially membranous and sclerotized; denticulation of shaft medially, with dorsal and ventral paired teeth; shaft curvate; dorsal apodeme, viewed laterally; reduced; preatrium rotated 270° (Figs 9A, 9B).</p> <p> <b>Female</b>. <b>Measurements</b>. n=33. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 4.84–5.18 mm. Crown median length 0.40–0.44 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.32–0.35 mm. Pronotum length 0.49–0.53 mm. Head width across eyes 1.42–1.49 mm. Pronotum width 1.33–1.42 mm. Ocellus diameter 39.1–49.1 μm; interocular distance 66.5–82.9 µm. Apical angle of crown 120.1°±2.0°.</p> <p> <b>Sternite 7</b>. Posterior margin with wide, shallow notch, spanning posterior margin; ligula present with short, wide, rounded notch; ligula recessed (all from Biesiesfontein, Figs 9H, on <i>Zygophyllum,</i> Fig. 9I, on <i>Sarcocaulon,</i> Fig. 9J, on <i>Pteronia</i>).</p> <p> <b>Valvifer 1</b>. Symmetrical or ventral margin produced narrowly (Fig. 9K).</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. <b>Holotype</b> male. South Africa, <b>Northern Cape Province</b>, CCDL 18878, Biesiesfontein Farm S Springbok, -29.75, 17.9333, 29.ix.–3.x.2002, M. Stiller, sweeping <i>Galenia africana,</i> Aizoaceae (SANC).</p> <p> <b>Paratypes</b>. 27♂, 32♀, 9 nymphs. <b>Northern Cape Province</b>, records below all this locality: Biesiesfontein Farm S Springbok, -29.75, 17.9333, 29.ix.–3.x.2002, M. Stiller, sweeping. 3♂, 1♀, 3 nymphs, CCDL 18877, <i>Atriplex nummularia</i> subsp. <i>nummularia</i> <i>,</i> Aizoaceae; 1♂, 2 nymphs, CCDL 18876, <i>Calobota sericea,</i> Fabaceae; 3♂, 8♀, CCDL 18874, <i>Pteronia divariculata,</i> Asteraceae; 11♂, 11♀, 3 nymphs, <i>ibid.</i> holotype; 4♂, 5♀, CCDL 18875, <i>Sarcocaulon l’heriteri,</i> Geraniaceae; 1♂, CCDL 26934, light trap; 1♂, CCDL 26935, <i>Diospyros ramulosa,</i> Ebenaceae; 1♂, 3♀, CCDL 26933, <i>Searsia undulata,</i> Anacardiaceae; 1♀, CCDL 26936, at night near light trap, <i>Zygophyllum retofractrum,</i> Zygophyllaceae; <b>Western Cape Province</b>, 2♂, 3♀, 1 nymph, CCDL 18853, Wiedouw Farm base of Gifberg Pass, -31.7334, 18.7666, 3–10.x.2002, M. Stiller, sweeping, <i>Salvia lanceolata,</i> Lamiaceae (BMNH, INHS, SANC).</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. Unique in this species in the male are the thick shaft, two medial pairs of teeth and in the female the cup-shape ligula recessed medially into the sternite 7. Other species have the ligula rectangular (<i>G. drietanddraad</i>, Fig. 14I), square with small notch (<i>G. slangdraad</i>, Fig. 17I), rounded in <i>G. platdraad</i> (Figs 12L, 12O), and resemblance in <i>G. stompdraad</i> (Fig. 11I). Color and shape of crown (Figs 7 D–F) and nymph (Figs 7G, H) resemble the other species closely, e.g. Figs 1, 2 and 5.</p>Published as part of <i>Stiller, Michael, 2020, A new leafhopper genus Geelus and 12 new species (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae) from Southern Africa, pp. 301-344 in Zootaxa 4786 (3)</i> on pages 320-322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4786.3.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3876635">http://zenodo.org/record/3876635</a>
Pravistylus macropygeus Stiller 2010, sp. n.
No full text<i>Pravistylus macropygeus</i> sp. n. <p>(Figs 1 q; 2 ae & af; 3 s; 4 q; 5 s; 6 r; 7 ap & aq; 8 ae)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. Pygofer lobe elongate, narrow; 1.3–1.6 times as long a width at base (Fig. 1 q). Aedeagal shaft relatively short, up to twice as long as length between dorsal apodeme and preatrium (Fig. 3 s). Plate apex broadly rounded; 1.5–1.6 times as long as wide (Figs 2 ae & af).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. Greek, for the long (<i>makros</i>) and narrow pygofer lobe (<i>pyge</i>).</p> <p> <b>Male and female</b>. Ochraceous. Paired light brown markings on vertex and medially of ocellus. Pygofer lobe fuscous; posterior margin of pygofer near anal tube with dorsolateral paired or contiguous fuscous markings. Tegmina rarely with fuscous markings. Hind wing less than one third as long as tegmina (Fig. 8 ae).</p> <p> <b>Male</b>. <b>Dimensions</b>. (n = 39) <b>Length</b>: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.0– 2.3 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.3–2.9 mm; vertex medially 0.4–0.5 mm; vertex next to eye 0.3 mm; pronotum medially 0.3 mm. <b>Width</b>: head 0.8–0.9 mm; pronotum 0.7–0.8 mm. Ocellar diameter 22.5–29.6 µm; ocellocular distance 36.4–47.3 µm.</p> <p> <b>Genital capsule</b>. Pygofer square; ventral posterior margin bulbous, partially sclerotized; dorsal posterior margin lobate (Fig. 1 q). Pygofer lobe unique: more elongate and narrower than in any other species of <i>Pravistylus</i>, acutely triangular, 1.3–1.6 times as long as basal width; about one third as wide as width of the pygofer; longer and narrower than in any other species (Fig. 1 q). Plate posterior margin broadly rounded, similar to that of <i>P. lobus</i>; setation variable, up to 10 macrosetae subapically (Fig. 2 ae), or sometimes without macrosetae (Fig. 2 af); 1.5–1.6 times as long as wide. Aedeagal shaft, in lateral view, arising ventrally from atrium; preatrium short; shaft relatively short (up to twice as long as dorsal apodeme); gonopore oblique, lateroventral, subapical (Figs 3 s, 4 q). Style distal part far from anterior medial lobe; apophysis basally parallel-sided, apex acutely truncate; preapical angle acute; preapical lobe right-angled; anterior medial lobe long (Fig. 5 s). Connective, in lateral view, straight; with apex curved dorsally; in dorsal view of uniform width, stem one third as long as arms (Fig. 6 r).</p> <p> <b>Female</b>. <b>Dimensions</b>. (n = 11) <b>Length</b>: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.1–2.3 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.8–3.1 mm; vertex medially 0.5 mm; vertex next to eye 0.3–0.4 mm; pronotum medially 0.3 mm. <b>Width</b>: head 0.9 mm; pronotum 0.8–0.9 mm. Ocellar diameter 17.9–29.2 µm; ocellocular distance 37.9–52.4 µm.</p> <p> <b>Genitalia.</b> Sternite 7 hind margin produced into triangular ligula, about half as wide as base of sternite; apex notched (Figs 7 ap (ligula long) & aq (ligula short)).</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. Holotype male. South Africa, <b>Free State</b>. Platberg, summit W, 28°10ʹS, 29°12ʹE, 2319 m, 11.i.2007, sweeping, <i>Themeda triandra</i> and <i>Tristachya leucothrix</i> common (SANC). Paratypes. 45♂, 17♀. <b>Eastern Cape</b>. 1♂, Ongeluksnek, site 39, 30°20ʹS, 28°19ʹE, 1824 m, 5.xii.2005, MDTP survey. <b>Free State</b>. 1♂, Golden Gate National Park, 28°30ʹS, 28°40ʹE, 8.i.1986, J.G. Theron; 2♂, 1♀, Phuthaditjhaba, 20 km W, 29°31ʹS, 28°38ʹE, 1950 m, 6.iii.2002, M. Stiller, J. du Plessis, sweeping, common grass species: <i>Bothriochloa insculpta, Cymbopogon excavatus,</i> <i>Digitaria</i> sp., <i>Eragrostis capensis, E. curvula, E. gummiflua, E. plana, Paspalum dilatatum;</i> 2♂, Golden Gate, site 3, 28°30ʹS, 28°37ʹE, 1960 m, 22.x.2005, MDTP survey, white and blue pan trap; 2♂, Golden Gate, site 5, 28°31ʹS, 28°34ʹE, 1890 m, 23.x.2005, MDTP survey, yellow and white pan trap; 3♂, 1♀, Golden Gate, site 8, 28°30ʹS, 28°39ʹE, 2065 m, 25.x.2005, MDTP survey, sweeping, also white pan trap; 5♂, 2♀, Platberg, E near masts, 28°15ʹS, 29°12ʹE, 2362 m, 11.i.2007, sweeping, <i>Themeda triandra</i> and <i>Tristachya leucothrix</i> common; 14♂, 6♀, same data as holotype; 4♂, 2♀, Muller’s Pass near summit 27°51ʹ39.68ʺS, 29°41ʹ10.15ʺE, 1878 m, 25.xii.2008, M. Stiller, sweeping grass & forbs. <b>KwaZulu-Natal</b>. 12♂, 2♀, Oliviershoek Pass, summit, 28°33ʹS, 29°05ʹE, 1741 m, 27.xii.2004, sweeping, <i>Themeda triandra</i> dominated pasture, regrowth after fire; 1♂, Little Switzerland Hotel, hillside W slope, 28°35ʹS, 29°03ʹE, 1600 m, 8.v.2007, sweeping; 2♀, Little Switzerland Hotel, ridge summit, 28°34ʹS, 29°02ʹE, 1770 m, 8.v.2007, sweeping, grass in Protea veld; all M. Stiller. <b>Mpumalanga</b>. 2♂, 3♀, Ossewakop, Wakkerstroom, 27°23ʹS, 30°09ʹE, 2160 m, 7.iii.2002, M. Stiller, J. du Plessis, DVac, on rocky outcrop and tall grass on deep soil (BMNH, INHS, SANC).</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. The distinctly elongate and narrow pygofer lobe, that is longer than in any other species, is the unique feature of <i>P. macropygeus</i>. This species is closely related to <i>P. indistinctidiscus</i>. Both have similar plate proportions and shapes. In <i>P. indistinctidiscus</i> the plate is 1.0–1.4 times as long as wide with a similarly rounded apex (Figs 2 ag & ah). That of <i>P. macropygeus</i> is 1.5–1.6 times as long as wide and also with a rounded apex (Figs 2 ae & af). The aedeagal shaft in <i>P. indistinctidiscus</i> (Fig. 3 af) is also much longer than that of <i>P. macropygeus</i> (Fig. 3 s). The style of <i>P. indistinctidiscus</i> is more acute and the dorsal apophysis is elongate and narrow (Fig. 5 q), whereas in <i>P. macropygeus</i> it is less acute and the dorsal apophysis is short and wide (Fig. 5 s). Also the convex lateral margins of the ligula of the female sternite 7 of <i>P. indistinctidiscus</i> (Figs 7 x –aa) differs from that of <i>P. macropygeus</i>, that is narrower and more triangular (Figs 7 ap & aq). <i>Pravistylus lobus</i> has a similar plate shape to both the species above, but has the apex of the connective fused with the paraphyses. However, no other species has a similarly elongate and narrow pygofer lobe.</p>Published as part of <i>Stiller, M., 2010, Revision of the Southern African leafhopper genus Pravistylus (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) 2468, pp. 1-81 in Zootaxa 2468 (1)</i> on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2468.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10094177">http://zenodo.org/record/10094177</a>
Ausweis stiller Reserven in der Erfolgsrechnung : Neuerungen im allgemeinen Rechnungslegungsrecht
No full textDer neu gefasste 32. Titel des Obligationenrechts scheint hinsichtlich stiller Reserven keine bedeutenden Änderungen gegenüber dem alten Aktienrecht zu beinhalten. Stille Reserven sind weiterhin möglich. Es stellt sich aber die Frage, ob Verrechnungsverbot, Einzelbewertungsgebot und Ausweisvorschriften über periodenfremde Erfolgsbestandteile die Transparenz in der Erfolgsrechnung erhöhen
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