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Versuch einer pragmatischen Geschichte des Dogma von der Gottheit Christi in den vier ersten Jahrhunderten nach Christi Geburt / Von D. Chr. Dav. Ant. Martini, ordentl. Professor der Theologie zu Rostock [et]c.
No full textVorlageform der Veröffentlichungsangabe: Rostock und Leipzig, bei Karl Christoph Stiller. ..
Proekoides piketensis Stiller 1986
No full textProekoides piketensis Stiller 1986 (Figs 13L, 14 C, H, M, R) Type material, holotype not examined. Type locality. Holotype male, South Africa, Western Cape province, Piketberg mountain top; -34.84, 18.73; 17 Dec. 1981; J.G. Theron, leg. Paratypes examined. 3♂♂ 1♀ South Africa, Western Cape province. 2♂♂; Piketberg mountain top; -34.84, 18.73; 17 Dec. 1981; J.G. Theron, leg.; CCDL28239; SANC. 1♂, 1♀; Piketberg; -32.90, 18.76; 19 Jan. 1983; J.G. Theron, leg.; CCDL28238; SANC. Additional material examined. South Africa, Western Cape province. 7♂♂, 5♀♀, 20 nymphs; Kruisementvlei & Wolf Kloof farms, Piketberg; -32.805, 18.662; 7 Feb. 2022; M.Stiller leg.; sweeping Metalasia sp. Asteraceae, Anthospermum sp. Rubiaceae, Erica sp. Ericaceae; CCDL 28621; SANC. Diagnosis. Aedeagal shaft with anterior margin with large, paired subapical teeth, posterior margin with small, paired apical teeth, shaft apex as wide as median width; preatrium about as long as shaft. Etymology. Named for the type locality. Gender feminine. Description. Male and female. Color. As in Fig. 13L, description in Stiller (1986). Morphology. Tegmina. Male, length/width=2.13–2.80; female, length/width=2.05. Hind wing. Male, length/width=3.24–3.36; female, length/width=3.23. Tegmina-hind wing relation. Male, length tegmina/length hind wing=1.15; width tegmina/width hind wing=1.76–1.99; female, length tegmina/length hind wing=1.13; width tegmina/width hind wing=1.77. Measurements. Male (n=10). Apex of crown to apex of tegmina 3.02–3.19 mm; apex of crown to apex of abdomen 3.07–3.44 mm; crown length 0.70–0.73 mm; crown length next to eyes 0.42–0.45 mm; pronotum length 0.38–0.41 mm; head width 1.11–1.17 mm; pronotum width 1.02–1.09 mm; ocellus diameter 25–29 µm; interocular distance 68–77 µm; crown angle 73–98°; crown length/crown length next to eye=1.59–1.70; head width/pronotum width=1.06–1.10; ocellus diameter/interocular distance=0.34–0.41; crown length/pronotum length=1.73–1.88; pronotum length/ pronotum width=0.36–0.39. (Stiller 1986, interocular distance=width across disc of head, between medial margins of eyes 0.42–0.46 mm). Female (n=6). Apex of crown to apex of tegmina 3.04–3.23 mm (in Stiller, 1986, 3.08–3.84 mm); apex of crown to apex of abdomen 3.63–4.01 mm (in Stiller, 1986, 3.24–3.92 mm); crown length 0.71–0.76 mm (in Stiller, 1986, 0.72–0.74 mm); crown length next to eyes 0.43–0.47 mm (in Stiller, 1986, 0.45–0.46 mm); pronotum length 0.39–0.41 mm (in Stiller, 1986, 0.39–0.40 mm); head width 1.14–1.20 mm (in Stiller, 1986, 1.13–1.15 mm); pronotum width 1.06–1.11 mm (in Stiller, 1986, 1.04–1.06 mm); ocellus diameter 22–29 µm; interocular distance 63–75 µm in Stiller, 1986, 0.44–0.46 mm); crown angle 75–79°; crown length/crown length next to eye=1.61–1.67; head width/pronotum width=1.07–1.09; ocellus diameter/interocular distance=0.30–0.45; crown length/pronotum length=1.75–1.93; pronotum length/pronotum width=0.36–0.37. (Stiller 1986, interocular distance incorrect for width across disc of head, between medial margins of eyes 0.42–0.46 mm). Terminalia. Male. Segment 10. Length/width=1.11–1.24. Pygofer lobe. Process strongly concave; 3–5 macrosetae. Subgenital plate. Subgenital plate 1.19–1.38 times longer than wide. Style. Greatest length/greatest width=4.00–4.64; length apophysis/greatest length=0.17–0.20; length base/ length greatest=0.35–0.39; angle of apophysis to sagittal plane 46–72° (Fig. 14R). Connective. Greatest width across arms/greatest width across stem=1.77–2.09; greatest length of arms/greatest length of stem=1.05–1.27; angle of arms 78–84°; greatest length/greatest width=0.71–0.74 (Fig. 14M). Aedeagus. Shaft sublinear in lateral view, gonopore apical, rounded, anterior margin (dorsal in Stiller 1986) with subapical paired elongate teeth (about as long as width of shaft at point of attachment), posterior margin (ventral in Stiller 1986) with paired, apical short teeth; development of teeth variable (Fig. 14C, H). Female. Sternite 7. V-shaped to arched incision (Fig. 13O). Greatest length/greatest width=0.48; greatest median length/ greatest lateral length=0.73, angle of notch 138°. Valvula 1. Parallel-sided, apex acute, sculpture as in P. postspina sp. n. Valvula 2. Serrate in distal half, slightly wider than base. Valvula 3. Margin and submargin with 25–26 setae near apex (about 15 long setae 28–37 µm, about five shorter setae up to 25 µm). Valvifer 1. Length/width=1.48–1.59 (n=1). Valvifer 2. Length/width=2.58–2.74 (n=1); 8–9 pore-like structures. Remarks. The combination of features of acute crown, marking of the dorsum of the head, size and specifically the aedeagus distinguish this species. The anterior margin of the aedeagal shaft with subapical, elongate, paired teeth, apex of shaft as wide as median width, posterior margin with short, apical, paired teeth.Published as part of Stiller, Michael & Webb, Michael D., 2022, Leafhoppers of the Fynbos Biome of South Africa: Colistra, Proekes, Proekoides and a new genus (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae, Bonaspeiini), pp. 1-79 in Zootaxa 5199 (1) on pages 42-44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5199.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/725176
Vilargus dentulicans Stiller 2010, sp. n.
No full textVilargus dentulicans sp. n. (Figs 7–9, 52–59). Diagnosis. Aedeagal shaft laterally with subbasal triangular process, about one third as long as shaft; dorsally with concave dorsal apodeme. Plate triangular with posterior medial margin truncated. Pygofer posteromedial margin, below pygofer lobe, with rounded, sclerotized, posteriad protrusion. Etymology. Latin, dentulus, diminutive of tooth, for the small tooth on the shaft of the aedeagus. Colour. Male. Ochraceous (Fig. 7, specimen from Clocolan; Fig. 8, specimen from Rhodes, collected 2000, with few fuscous markings dorsally; Fig. 9, specimen from Rhodes, collected 2006, with more fuscous markings dorsally). Male. Dimensions. (n=69) Length from apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.0– 2.3 mm, length from apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.5–2.8 mm, median length of vertex 0.4 mm, length of vertex next to eye 0.3 mm, length of pronotum 0.3 mm, width of head 0.8 mm, width of pronotum 0.7–0.8 mm, diameter of ocellus 26–30 µm, ocellocular distance 30–45 µm. Genitalia. Aedeagus dorsally, with single, acutely triangular spine, arising lateroventrally from subbasal part of shaft, spine about one third as long as shaft; shaft apex deflected slightly laterad (towards side with spine); dorsal apodeme transverse, concave (Fig. 52). Aedeagus laterally, shaft C-shaped, apex angled dorsoposteriorly; gonopore subapical, ventral (Fig. 53). Connective with arms asymmetrical, one arm curved laterad, shorter than other, straight arm (Fig. 54). Style with anterior medial arm perpendicular to base, apophysis with apex truncate, 3–4 ventroapical teeth (Fig. 55). Plate with base triangular, medial margin straight, divergent, lateral margin sinuous apically, rounded basally; apex somewhat rectangular, sometimes lateral distal angle acute, usually right-angled, sometimes notched medially; 3–7 uniseriate, marginal macrosetae (Fig. 56), sometimes one offset more medially; aedeagus in cleared specimen, when viewed as in Fig. 56, with spine always on left side. Pygofer laterally, about rectangular, dorsal and ventrobasal margin parallel, ventrodistal margin angled dorsad, sinuous, medially with sclerotized lobe (Fig. 58); dorsally, as in Fig. 57. Pygofer lobe narrow, rounded, merged with dorsal margin of pygofer; apex extending well beyond posterior apex of plate (Fig. 58). Female. Dimensions. (n=21) Length from apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.1–2.4 mm, length from apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.7–3.1 mm, median length of vertex 0.4–0.5 mm, length of vertex next to eye 0.4–0.5 mm, length of pronotum 0.3 mm, width of head 0.8–0.9 mm, width of pronotum 0.7–0.8 mm, diameter of ocellus 26–30 µm, ocellocular distance 31–45 µm. Genitalia. Sternite 7 with posterior margin with shallow, narrow notch (Fig. 59). Material examined. Holotype male. South Africa. Free State Province. Platberg, summit, Ladybrand, 29°11ʹS, 27°25ʹE, 1740 m, 5.iii.2002, M. Stiller, DVac, common grasses and sedges as follows: Andropogon schirensis; Eragrostis capensis, E. curvula, E. sclerantha subsp. sclerantha , Heteropogon contortus (Poaceae), Ficinia sp. (Cyperaceae) (SANC). Paratypes. 79♂, 35♀. Eastern Cape Province. 1♂, 2♀, Aliwal North, 30°45ʹS, 26°45ʹE, 12.i.1986, J.G. Theron, sweeping; 4♂, 2♀, Rhodes, 30°48ʹS, 27°58ʹE, 23.iv.2000, M. Stiller, sweeping grass; 18♂, 5♀, Rhodes, 30°51ʹS, 27°54ʹE, 1965 m, 27.iv.2006, M. Stiller, DVac, roadside grass and forbs, Eragrostis sp. dominant. Free State Province. 1♂, Golden Gate, 28°31ʹS, 28°37ʹE, 6.i.1971, R. Kluge, sweeping; 1♂, Fouriesburg, 28°37ʹS, 28°13ʹE, 19.xii.1978, J.G. Theron, sweeping; 3♂, 2♀, Clocolan, 28°54ʹS, 27°32ʹE, 11.i.1986, J.G. Theron, sweeping; 8♂, 6♀, Zastron 1 km N, 30°15ʹS, 27°04ʹE, 1550 m, 5.iii.2002, M. Stiller, DVac, Themeda triandra dominant on dry embankment on road verge; 21♂, 9♀, ibid., holotype; 1♂, 3♀, Koloniesplaas, Memel, 27°42ʹS, 28°36ʹE, 1850 m, 14.xi.2003, M. Stiller, grazed pasture, sweeping, short, grazed grass (less than 5cm long); 2♂, Golden Gate, site #5, 28°31ʹS, 28°34ʹE, 1890 m, 23.x.2005, MDTP survey, blue and white pan trap. KwaZulu-Natal Province. 1♂, 2♀, Dundee, 28°10ʹS, 30°14ʹE, 21.i.1981, J.G. Theron, sweeping. Mpumalanga Province. 1♂, Ossewakop, Wakkerstroom, 27°23ʹS, 30°09ʹE, 2160 m, 7.iii.2002, M. Stiller, DVac; 12♂, Cedarmont road, 26°44ʹS, 29°03ʹE, 1550 m, 4.i.2004, M. Stiller, sweeping; 3♂, Belfast 1 km W, 25°41ʹS, 29°58ʹE, 1900 m, 17.ii.2005, M. Stiller, grass and forbs in grazed pasture, DVac. North-West Province. 2♂, 1♀, Vredefort Dome near Parys, 26°48ʹS, 27°22ʹE, 26.xii.2000, M. Stiller, grass and forbs, sweeping (BMNH, INHS, SANC). Remarks. The male of V. dentulicans can be recognized by the narrow rectangular plate apex (Fig. 56) and the lateral, single, triangular spine on the aedeagal shaft (Figs 52, 53). All other species of Vilargus have the plate rounded, truncate or triangular, except in V. lobulicans, where the process of the plate is also narrow, but distinctly rounded (Fig. 64). Vilargus lobulicans is also the only species that does not have a distinct process on the shaft or preatrium, and is considered to have fused with the shaft, and therefore giving rise to the expanded, asymmetrical apex of the shaft. The pygofer lobe of V. dentulicans with its ventral, rounded sclerotized tooth is similar to that found in V. bicornicans, but the plate and aedeagus of this species and V. dentulicans differ significantly. The shape of the plate is however similar to Pravistylus trunculidiscus Stiller, 2010, although the aedeagus does not correspond with that of this species, or for that matter with the genus. None of the 27 dissected males of V. dentulicans show obvious signs of parasitism by Dryinidae or Pipunculidae.Published as part of Stiller, M., 2010, Revision of Vilargus Theron (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from South Africa, pp. 1-25 in Zootaxa 2674 (1) on pages 8-9, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2468.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/530167
Proekoides Stiller
No full textProekoides Stiller Figs 15–18, 32 Proekoides Stiller 1986: 153–158. Type species: Proekoides hawekwae Stiller, 1986, by original designation. Revised generic diagnosis and description 1. Small leafhopper; male and female: length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina, male 3.1–3.7 mm; crown length medially 0.7–0.9 mm; crown angle 70–90°. 2. Dorsum of head in male and female with longitudinal brown to dark brown line from apex of crown to base of head, lateral margin of marking amorphous (Fig. 15J), weakly developed (Fig. 15G, H), or reduced (Fig. 15F, K). Terminalia in male: 3. Valve crescentic (Fig. 17C), length/width=0.2. 4. Pygofer deeply incised in dorsal view; pygofer lobe in lateral view, acutely triangular, mediodorsal margin in lateral view with concavely curvate process (Fig. 17 I); in dorsal view with base mediad, subbase and apex angled and curved posteriad (Fig. 17J), with subapical, dorsal tooth; 3–6 macrosetae, rarely 8 (length 86–166 µm) (e.g., Fig. 17B). 5. Segment 10 large, narrow (0.6–0.7 times as wide as width across pygofer at point of greatest width of segment 10), elongate, reaching apex of pygofer lobe (dorsal view, length/width=0.8–1.1) (e.g., Fig. 17A). 6. Connective wider than long (greatest length/greatest width=0.6–0.8), stem short, wide, arms slightly shorter to much longer than stem (length arm/length stem=0.9–1.7). 7. Aedeagus with base of anterior margin of shaft with paired teeth; dorsal apodeme reduced, preatrium produced (Fig. 16A–J). Terminalia in female: 8. Sternite 7 with posterior margin with medial, wide, curvate or angulate notch, laterally triangular; greatest length/greatest width=0.5, depth of notch/greatest length=0.2–0.3, angle of notch 131–144° (e.g., Figs 15N, O, 18A). 9. Valvula 3 with 1–3 rows of marginal to submarginal setae (Fig. 18H); protruding 0.13–0.20 times longer than greatest length of pygofer in lateral view (e.g., Fig. 15B, E). 10. Valvifer 2 sculpture pore-like (Fig. 18E). Etymology. In retrospect, Proekoides Stiller, 1986 was named for its similar appearance to Proekes Theron, 1975. Gender determined in Greek by - ekes, meaning ‘point’, as feminine and prefix in Greek, pro, meaning ‘before’. The suffix in Latin, - oides, meaning ‘like, resembling, having the form of’ (Brown 1956). Description. Male and female. Color. Head. Light yellow to stramineous ground color, dark to rust-brown marking from apex of crown to anterior margin of head (Fig. 15A–L), or marking faint as in Fig. 15K. Face. 8–12 dark brown horizontal arcs (Fig. 15P). Tegmina. Ground color ochraceous, opaque, veins brown, light to dark brown reticulations in claval cells and outer discal cells (Fig. 15A–L). Hind wing. Translucent, sometimes light brown mesally. Morphology. Head. Wider than pronotum. Discal region smooth, frontal region and face shagreened. Crown angle in male 78–88°, in female 75–86°. Face. Clypeus cuneate, broad, abruptly narrowed at junction with clypellus. Clypellus straight in lateral view, parallel-sided and rounded ventrally in frontal view, produced beyond narrow gena below lorum. Ocellus. Ocellus diameter/interocular distance=0.4–0.5. Pronotum. Lateral margin short, non-carinate. Tegmina. Tegmina with four apical, two anteapical cells, appendix absent. Length/width, males=2.0–2.3, females=2.1–2.2, male and female=2.0–2.2. Hind wing. Length/width, males=3.0–3.4, females=2.9–3.3, male and female=3.0–3.4. Tegmina-hind wing relation. Length tegmina/length hind wing, male=1.1–1.2, female=1.1–1.2, male and female=1.1–1.2; width tegmina/width hind wing, male=1.4–1.8, female=1.6–1.8, male and female=1.6–1.8. Chaetotaxy. Profemur row AV 8–10 short, wide setae, row IC 6–8 in male, 7–9 in female, female P. piketensis, IC 7–10; AV 1 single, AM 1 single. Spinulation of protibia 1+4, mesotibia 4+4, metafemur apex 2+2+1. Metatarsus 1 apical plantar setae include four rounded platellae and one acute seta; metatarsus 2 apex with two acute (lateral and medial respectively), two rounded (intermediate) platellae. Measurements. Male. Apex of crown to apex of tegmina 3.1–3.4 mm; apex of crown to apex of abdomen 3.2–3.6 mm; crown length 0.7–0.8 mm; crown length next to eyes 0.4–0.5 mm; pronotum length 0.4 mm; head width 1.1–1.3 mm; pronotum width 1.0– 1.2 mm (Stiller 1986, 0.89–1.12 mm); ocellus diameter 26–29 µm; interocular distance 61– 78 µm; crown angle 74–85°; crown length/crown length next to eye=1.5–1.8; head width/pronotum width=1.1; ocellus diameter/interocular distance=0.4–0.5; crown length/pronotum length=1.6–2.0; pronotum length/pronotum width=0.4. Female. Apex of crown to apex of tegmina 3.2–3.6 mm; apex of crown to apex of abdomen 3.8–4.2 mm; crown length 0.7 mm; crown length next to eyes 0.4–0.5 mm; pronotum length 0.4 mm; head width 1.2–1.4 mm; pronotum width 1.1–1.2 mm; ocellus diameter 26–29 µm; interocular distance 62–74 µm; crown angle 78–88°; crown length/crown length next to eye=1.5–1.6; head width/pronotum width=1.0–1.1; ocellus diameter/interocular distance=0.4–0.5; crown length/pronotum length=1.6–1.8; pronotum length/pronotum width=0.3–0.4. Terminalia. Male. Segment 10. Deeply incised middorsally. Length/width=1.1–1.3. Greatest width of segment 10/greatest width of pygofer at point of greatest width of segment 10=0.6–0.7. Pygofer. Depressed in lateral view, equidistant in dorsal view, anterior margin oblique, anterior apodeme wide, triangular; basolateral suture right-angled; pygofer lobe narrowly triangular, with 3–5 setae posterodorsally, 90– 135 µm in length; process strongly to weakly concave, origin medial, approximately at mid-length, orientation posteriorly to posterolaterally, subapex with small, dorsal tooth. Subgenital plate. Triangular, medial margin sublinear, lateral margin shallowly convex, apex narrowly rounded; 20–25 irregularly arranged macrosetae marginally and submarginally, length/width=1.2–1.5. Valve. Crescentic, length/width=0.2 (e.g., Fig. 17C). Style. Slender, with apophyses angled lateroposteriad, anterior medial lobe short, anterior lateral lobe elongate, narrow; extending about half-way into subgenital plate; subapical angle right-angled or obtuse; greatest length/ greatest width=4.0–4.7; length apophysis/greatest length=0.2; length base/length greatest=0.3–0.4; angle of apophysis to sagittal plane 50–58° (Fig. 16P–T). Connective. Stem short, broad, arms divergent; greatest width across arms/greatest width across stem=1.8–2.2; length arms/length stem=1.0–1.7; angle of arms 81–92°; greatest length/greatest width=0.6–0.8 (Fig. 16K–O). Aedeagus. Aedeagus symmetrical in anterior or posterior view; shaft tubular, dorsal apodeme reduced, preatrium elongated, about as long as shaft, obtusely angled to shaft, orientation as in Fig. 16A–E, atrium in posterior view rounded, constricted at transition to preatrium, base triangular (Fig. 16F–H) or rectangular (Fig. 16I, J), variably rounded and elongated desclerotized lobe on anterior margin (Fig. 16A–E). Position of aedeagus at rest indicated by dashed lines in Fig.17B, shaft oriented dorsad. Shaft at base of anterior margin (dorsal margin in Stiller 1986, aedeagus dislodged from cavity in segment 10, shaft oriented posteriad) with paired, digitate teeth, curved laterad. Gonopore apical to subapical on posterior margin. Anterior margin of shaft with paired teeth at apex (Fig. 16D) or subapex (Fig. 16A–C), or without teeth on anterior margin (Fig. 16E). Posterior margin of shaft with paired teeth at apex (Fig. 16C) or medially (Fig. 16A, B, D) or single tooth medially and paired teeth basally (Fig. 16E). Female. Sternite 7. Sternite 7 trapezoid with lateral margin straight or curvate, shorter posterior margin uniformly excavated, with margins of notch straight or curvate,wide,between posterolateral margins(Figs15N,O, 18A);greatest length/greatest width=0.5; greatest median length/greatest lateral length=0.7–0.8; distal width/basal width=0.7; angle at base of notch 132–146°. The shallowest notch at 152° in the unplaced specimen from Groenkol. Valvula 1. Parallel-sided, apex acuminate. In P. cedarbergensis and P. postspina sp. n. sculpture appears as elongated, not overlapping (Fig. 18K, L), i.e., valvate; orientation relative to dorsal margin, acute apically and parallel basally. Valvula 2. Distal half serrate, width slightly more than basal width. Serration irregular with slightly raised, rounded teeth, and serrate trough (Fig. 18I, J). Valvula 3. P. cedarbergensis, macrosetae about 20 long (27–35 µm) and short (up to 25 µm) setae near apex, shorter setae usually marginal; submarginal macrosetae about 14 longer setae; P. postspina sp. n. 15–20 macrosetae, 27–34 µm long (Fig. 18H). Protrusion of valvula beyond posterior margin of pygofer 0.1–0.2 times that of pygofer length in lateral view. Valvifer 1. In lateral view, anterior and dorsal margins narrowly rounded, posterior margin acute, ventral margin broadly rounded or similar to dorsal margin. In dorsal view usually strongly fused (Fig. 18C), rarely with weak fusion in P. cedarbergensis, length/width=1.32–1.68 (n=4); P. postspina sp. n., length to width 1.3–1.6 (n=4) (Fig. 18B), in dorsal view as in Fig. 18C, similar in P. cedarbergensis; both species length/width=1.3–1.6. One female from Piketberg, length/width=1.5–1.6, one specimen from Koeberg length/width=1.5–1.7. All specimens (n=12), including unplaced specimens from Groenkol and Wiedouw length/width=1.3–1.7. Valvifer 2. Elongated, anterior margin straight, posterior margin curvate; P. cedarbergensis length/width=2.5– 2.8 (n=4); 7–9 pore-like structures near ventroposterior margin; P. postspina sp. n. length to width 2.6–2.9 (n=4) (Fig. 18D), 8–10 pore-like structures (Fig. 18E). All specimens with length/width=2.5–2.9, 7–9 pore-like structures. Remarks. Descriptions of the species of Proekoides are repeated here for clarification of similarities and differences with Colistra. Aspects of the aedeagus are mirrored in C. acapitatus and C. bucapitatus with that of all species of Proekoides, i.e., similar in the elongated preatrium, its obtuse angle to the shaft, tubular shaft, the reduced dorsal apodeme, but differ in the position and numbers of teeth or spines on the shaft. Arrangement of teeth apically and medially on the shaft are unique in each species, but one pair of teeth at the anterior margin of the base of the shaft are present in Proekoides and absent in Colistra. The female sternite 7 of Proekoides has a wide rounded or obtusely angled incision of the posterior margin. The female sternite in Colistra is trapezoid as above, or square, with rounded, posterior margin with narrow, shallow or narrow, deep notch or with posterior margin sublinear. Short series of specimens suggest additional species are yet to be described, e.g., one male and female from Wiedouw (Western Cape province; Wiedouw Farm base of Gifberg Pass; -31.73, 18.77; 3–10 Oct. 2002; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping Diosma hirsuta Rutaceae CCDL 18321; SANC) is examined (male habitus in Fig. 15A) which does not match any of the species of Proekoides. It has a narrow shaft without large teeth, only numerous small denticulations as in P. postspina sp. n., with basal anterior and additional medial, paired teeth. One unplaced female from Groenkol Farm near Graafwater (-32.10, 18.70; 1 Aug. 1996; O.C. Neser, R.G. Oberprieler, M. Stiller leg.; sweeping Aspalathus linearis Fabaceae; CCDL28242; SANC) with typical color pattern of Proekoides, but sternite 7 with very shallow, V-shaped notch. Potential natural distribution of all species of Proekoides in Fig. 32C. Appendix 2 is a table of holotypes and paratypes with corrected grids. Key to species of Proekoides (males) 1 Apex of aedeagal shaft wider than medial width (Fig. 16B), anterior subapical margin with elongate (1.8–2.3 times longer than wide) paired teeth, posterior subapical margin with short (as long as wide), paired teeth, gonopore elongate, apical (Fig. 16G), preatrium about as long as shaft................................................... P. cedarbergensis Stiller 1986 1’ Apex of aedeagal shaft as wide or narrower than medial width of shaft (Fig. 16A, C–E)............................. 2 2 Anterior margin of shaft without large teeth (Fig. 16E), fine denticulation at apex (Fig. 17F), posterior margin with single and paired teeth medially, preatrium shorter than shaft............................................. P. postspina sp. n. 2’ Anterior margin with large teeth, either apical or subapical paired teeth (Fig. 16A, C, D)............................. 3 3 Apex of anterior margin with paired teeth (Fig. 16D), posterior margin with medial paired teeth (Fig. 16D); preatrium shorter than shaft......................................................................... P. koebergis Stiller 1986 3’ Apex of anterior margin edentate, subapex of anterior margin with paired teeth, preatrium as long as shaft (Fig. 16A, C)... 4 4 Posterior margin subapically with paired teeth, subapical anterior tooth three times longer than wide (Fig. 16C)........................................................................................... P. piketensis Stiller 1986 4’ Posterior margin medially with paired teeth, subapical anterior tooth as long as wide (Fig. 16A).... P. hawekwae Stiller 1986Published as part of Stiller, Michael & Webb, Michael D., 2022, Leafhoppers of the Fynbos Biome of South Africa: Colistra, Proekes, Proekoides and a new genus (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae, Bonaspeiini), pp. 1-79 in Zootaxa 5199 (1) on pages 33-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5199.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/725176
Colistra bucapitatus Stiller & Webb 2022, sp. n.
No full textColistra bucapitatus sp. n. (Figs 3A–E, R, 11A–N, 12A–Q, 31C Material examined. Type locality. Holotype male, South Africa, Western Cape province, road between Stanford and Gansbaai, -34.50, 19.43, 2 Apr. 2001, M. Stiller leg., sweeping Stipagrostis zeyheri subsp. zeyheri Poaceae, CCDL27833, SANC. Type specimen. Holotype male, glued to triangle card, pinned, with genitalia in a separate microvial. Original label: “ South Africa / WCape Stanford / -Gansbaai / roadside 34°30ʹS / 19°26ʹE / 150 m 2.iv. /2001 M. Stiller” “swept off / Stipagrostis / zeyheri (Nees) / de Winter / subsp. zeyheri ” “ SANC Pretoria / Dbase# CCDL / 27833 [blue paper]”. Paratypes. 46♂♂, 50♀♀, 24 nymphs. (n=120) South Africa, Western Cape province: 1♀; Sir Lowrys Pass; -34.12, 18.91; 26 Nov. 1964; A.L. Capener leg.; CCDL 28225; SANC. 1♀; Jonkershoek; -33.99, 18.97; 8 Jan. 1968; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 28227; SANC. 1♀; Babylonstoren Malmesbury; -33.57, 18.81; 7 May 1969; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 28221; SANC. 1♀; Slagboom Farm Agter Witsenberg; -33.23, 19.27; 13 Dec. 1969; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 28222; SANC. 1♀; Table Mountain; -33.96, 18.40; 23 Dec. 1969; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 28217; SANC. 1♀; Jonkershoek; -33.99, 18.97; 27 Jan. 1971; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 28230; SANC. 1♂; Jonkershoek; -33.99, 18.97; 31 May 1971; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 18975; SANC. 1♂, 1♀; Jonkershoek; -33.99, 18.97; 23 Nov. 1971; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 28228; SANC. 1♀; Assegaaibos; -33.96, 18.92; 8 Dec. 1971; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 28232; SANC. 1♀; Baardskeerdersbos; -34.59, 19.57; 14 Dec. 1971; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 28226; SANC. 1♂; Jonkershoek; -33.99, 18.97; 10 Feb. 1972; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 28231; SANC. 1♀; Bettys Bay; -34.36, 18.90; 18 May 1974; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 28233; SANC. 1♀; Klipheuwel; -33.72, 18.71; 24 Nov. 1974; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 28224; SANC. 1♀; George; -33.96, 22.44; 31 Jan. 1977; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 28219; SANC. 1♀; Botrivier; -34.23, 19.20; 8 Dec. 1977; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 28220; SANC. 1♂, 1♀; Stellenbosch; -33.93, 18.85; 15 Jun. 1978; L. van Luik leg.; CCDL 08567; SANC. 1♀; Koeel Bay; -34.24, 18.85; 30 Nov. 1979; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 28234; SANC. 1♀; Piketberg mountain top; -34.84, 18.73; 17 Dec. 1981; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 28223; SANC. 1♂; Ceres; -33.37, 19.30; 26 Jan. 1982; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 18977; SANC. 2♀♀; Jonkershoek; -33.99, 18.97; 8 Jul. 1982; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 28229; SANC. 1♂; Natures Valley; -33.98, 23.57; 26 Nov. 1983; N.C. Grobbelaar leg.; CCDL 08566; SANC. 7♂♂, 1♀; Caledon; -34.22, 19.41; 9 Dec. 1985; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL 08564; SANC. 1♂; Keurboom river; -34.03, 23.40; 13 Feb. 1990; M. Jonsson leg.; CCDL 08565; SANC. 1♀; Constantiaberg; -34.03, 18.39; 1 Mar. 1995; S. van Noord leg.; CCDL 28116; SANC. 2♂♂, 2♀♀, 3 nymphs; Remhoogte Farm; -32.40, 19.00; 3 Aug. 1996; R.G. Oberprieler, R. Stals, M. Stiller leg.; sweeping Aspalathus linearis Fabaceae; CCDL 08561; SANC. 3♂♂, 4♀♀, 4 nymphs; Papkuilsvlei Farm; -32.66, 18.64; 4 Aug. 1996; R.G. Oberprieler, R. Stals, M. Stiller leg.; sweeping Rooibos tea Aspalathus linearis Fabaceae 3 year old plantation; CCDL 08563; INHC, SANC. 3♀♀; Versveld Pass Piketberg; -32.85, 18.74; 25 Nov. 1996; O.C. Neser, R.G. Oberprieler, M. Stiller leg.; DVac Aspalathus linearis Fabaceae; CCDL 28218; SANC. 1♂; Kriedouw Farm; -32.32, 18.97; 27 Nov. 1996; O.C. Neser, R.G. Oberprieler, M. Stiller leg.; collected on ‘flat form’ of wild Aspalathus linearis Fabaceae; CCDL 08562; SANC. 4♂♂, 5♀♀, 10 nymphs; Stanford-Gansbaai Road; -34.50, 19.43; 2 Apr. 2001; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping Stipagrostis zeyheri subsp. zeyheri Poaceae; CCDL 27833; SANC. 1♂, 1♀; Blaauwberg Hill; -33.75, 18.47; 7 Dec. 2004; M. Stiller leg.; DVac; CCDL 18507; SANC. 3♂♂, 3♀♀; Silvermine Nature Reserve; -34.07, 18.40; 9 Dec. 2004; M. Stiller leg.; DVac; CCDL 18514; SANC. 3♂♂, 1♀; Signal Hill Cape Town; -33.92, 19.40; 10 Dec. 2004; M. Stiller leg.; DVac; CCDL 18509; SANC. 1♀; Grabouw S of Route N2; -34.17, 19.00; 10 Dec. 2004; M. Stiller leg.; DVac Holcus lanatus Poaceae; CCDL 18515; SANC. 2♂♂, 3♀♀; Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve Scarborough; -34.23, 18.42; 10 Dec. 2004; M. Stiller leg.; DVac; CCDL 18513; SANC. 1♀; Gydo Pass N Prince Alfred Hamlet; -33.23, 19.32; 13 Dec. 2004; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping; CCDL 18506; SANC. 2♂♂; Goudini Weg Station NW Worcester; -33.60, 19.33; 13 Dec. 2004; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping Tribolium uniolae, Ehrharta sp (Poaceae) and other plants, regrowth after fire; CCDL 18511; SANC. 1♂; Koeel Bay; -34.24, 18.85; 18 Dec. 2004; M. Stiller leg.; DVac Hyparrhenia anamesa Poaceae; CCDL 18510; SANC. 1♂, 2♀♀; Bettys Bay - Pringle Bay; -34.35, 18.87; 19 Dec. 2004; M. Stiller leg.; DVac rehabilitated refuse dump, Restio spp; CCDL 18508; SANC. 2♂♂; 2 km south Duinepos road junction West Coast National Park; -33.26, 18.20; 2.ii.2006; M. Olmi leg.; CCDL 18324; SANC. 2♀♀; Jamaka farm; -32.34, 19.01; 12 Dec. 2016; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping Aspalathus galeata Fabaceae; CCDL 26634; SANC. 1♂; Cedarberg wilderness; -32.40, 19.04; 14 Dec. 2016; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping Eriocephalus sp. Asteraceae; CCDL 26707; SANC. 1♂; Slanghoek Valley, Wabooms River phytoplasma survey, site 1; -33.56, 19.21; 12 Sep. 2017; J. van Wyk leg.; gVac Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis, Asteraceae; sample number 17-6167-3; CCDL 28469; SANC. 4♂♂, 3♀♀, 3 nymphs; Devils Peak; -33.95, 18.45; 21 Dec. 2019; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping; CCDL 27974; BMNH, SANC. 1♂; Devils Peak; -33.95, 18.44; 21 Dec. 2019; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping; CCDL 27968; SANC. 1♂, 2 nymphs; Brenton-on-Sea, Knysna; -34.07, 23.01; 26 Dec. 2019; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping; Metalasia sp. Asteraceae; CCDL 27880; SANC. 1♂, 1♀; Kruisementvlei & Wolf Kloof farms, Piketberg; -32.805, 18.662; 7 Feb. 2022; M.Stiller leg.; sweeping Stoebe sp. Asteraceae; CCDL 28608; SANC. 1♂; Grootkop vicinity, Scarborough; -34.181, 18.386; 10 Feb. 2022; M.Stiller leg.; sweeping Erica sp. and other shrubs; CCDL 28618; SANC. Diagnosis. Shaft of aedeagus with width at apex 2.1–2.8 times wider than medial width of shaft; dorsal apodeme reduced; paired teeth on shaft variable in size and orientation, at apex or subapex and medially; preatrium about as long as shaft. Etymology. Named for the expanded apex of the aedeagal shaft, in Latin, prefix, bu -, large, huge, great, and capitatus, head. Gender masculine. Description. Male, female and nymph. Color. Head. Marks on head reduced (Fig. 3A) or typical (Fig. 3B–E). Nymph. As in Fig. 3R. Pronotum. Dorsally with 2–4 pairs of brown marks, variable, separate or partially or entirely merged (Fig. 3A–E). Tegmina. Costa yellow, other veins light to dark brown; cells translucent, except discal, brachial and jugal cells, whitish opaque, brown marking in inner and outer discal cells, apical cell 3 and between claval vein 1 and 2 (Fig. 3A–E); females often more markings, including reticulation in claval cells. Morphology. Tegmina. Veins in male in Fig. 11M, female in Fig. 12P. Hind wing. Less than two times longer than wide (length/width=1.82–1.91), triangular; costal margin slightly convex (male, Fig. 11N); in female in Fig. 12Q. Chaetotaxy. Profemur row IC 6–8 long, fine setae. Measurements. Male (n=37). Apex of crown to apex of tegmina 2.65–3.13 mm, apex of crown to apex of abdomen 2.99–3.49 mm; crown length 0.52–0.57 mm; crown length next to eyes 0.37–0.41 mm; pronotum length 0.39–0.44 mm; head width 1.21–1.45 mm; pronotum width 1.12–1.35 mm; ocellus diameter 25–31 µm; interocular distance 54–69 µm; crown angle 96–106°; crown length/crown length next to eye=1.35–1.47; head width/pronotum width=1.05–1.10; ocellus diameter/interocular distance=0.38–0.55; crown length/pronotum length=1.26–1.41; pronotum length/ pronotum width=0.26–0.38. Female (n=42). Apex of crown to apex of tegmina 2.58–3.09 mm, apex of crown to apex of abdomen 3.30–3.95 mm; crown length 0.55–0.61 mm; crown length next to eyes 0.39–0.43 mm; pronotum length 0.40–0.46 mm; head width 1.22–1.47 mm; pronotum width 1.13–1.37 mm; ocellus diameter 26–31 µm; interocular distance 52–71 µm; crown angle 92–104°; crown length/crown length next to eye=1.36–1.47; head width/pronotum width=1.05–1.10; ocellus diameter/interocular distance=0.39–0.57; crown length/pronotum length=1.28–1.43; pronotum length/ pronotum width=0.31–0.38. Terminalia. Male. Segment 10. Lateral margins convergent, sublinear distally, curvate basally, in dorsal view length/width=0.84– 1.07 (n=5) (Fig. 11A), lateral view compressed, parallel-sided (Fig. 11B). Pygofer lobe. 3–5 macrosetae, rarely six, 85–139 µm in length (Fig. 11B, D). Subgenital plate. Greatest length/greatest width=1.15–1.48. Apex of apophysis extended three quarters into plate (Fig. 11C). Style. Greatest length/greatest width=3.82–4.38, length apophysis/greatest length=0.19–0.25; apophysis distally sublinear, angle 38–51°, margins approximately parallel (Fig. 11L, for annotations of length and width see Material and Methods). Connective. Greatest width across arms/width of apex of stem=1.70–1.92, length arms/length stem=0.61–1.94; angle of arms 81–95°; greatest length/greatest width=0.53–0.65 (Fig. 11E, F, for annotations of length and width see Material and Methods). Aedeagus. Apex of shaft in lateral view wide, width at apex, 2.1–2.8 times wider than medial width of shaft (Fig. 11G–K). Anterior margin (Fig. 11G, H) or submargin (Fig. 11J, K) at subapex with paired teeth, variable in size and orientation. Posterior margin, approximately at mid-section with paired, variable teeth, broadly or narrowly triangular, orientation laterad, posteriad, anteriad, origin commonly posteriad to mediad (Fig. 11G–K), rarely anteriad (i.e., Goudini specimen). Dorsal apodeme reduced, pygofer membrane attached at junction between shaft and preatrium. Preatrium right-angled to acutely angled to shaft; sometimes with single tooth-like process near base, on posterior margin (Fig. 11J, K). Female. Sternite 7. Rectangular to trapezoid (distal width/basal width=0.61–0.77, greatest length/greatest width=0.42– 0.46), lateral margins convergent, straight or curvate; posterior margin with V-shaped notch, shallow or commonly deep, laterally uniformly rounded, basal length at notch/greatest length laterally=0.51–0.76 (Fig. 12A–C). Valvula 1. Parallel-sided, apex acuminate (Fig. 12H), sculpture pattern commonly reticulate, striate towards base (Fig. 10L–N). Valvula 2. Serration about in distal half of dorsal margin (Fig. 12I), narrow, short teeth with trough finely serrate (Fig. 12O). Valvula 3. 10–22 marginal to submarginal macrosetae at apex, 25–38 µm long (Fig. 12J, K). Valvifer 1. About as long as wide, dorsal and ventral margins rounded, anterior and posterior apices acute. Length/width=1.25–1.81 (Fig. 12D, E). Valvifer 2. Sculpture pattern longitudinal ovoid to circular denticles (Fig. 12G), Stellenbosch specimen with circular pore-like structure and triangular denticles; length/width=2.59–2.99; whole part in Fig. 12F. Sculpture in five examined valvifers without setae out of 11 dissected ovipositors. Remarks. This species is recognized in lateral view by the wide apex of the shaft, i.e., apex of shaft twice or more as wide as medial width. Variation in the aedeagus is in the width in lateral view of the preatrium, the angle between the shaft and the preatrium, size of the membranous lobe of the preatrium and position, orientation and degree of development of teeth. Some specimens have a short or more elongated tooth at the base of the preatrium. Least typical is the aedeagus of the male from Brenton-on-Sea, which lacks the anterior teeth, apex wider than in anterior or posterior view (e.g., wider than in C. acapitatus, Fig. 13A–F) and gonopore also wider, shaft narrower than in specimens from other localities. Three males from Brenton-on-Sea, Nature’s Valley and Keurboom and arbitrarily, two females from George and Herold (deep and shallow notch on sternite 7 respectively) represent the eastern-most distribution. The aedeagus of specimens in Fig. 6F–H has a similar basal tooth on the preatrium, but that is much longer than the greatest width of the preatrium. The short tooth is recognized in some specimens of C. bucapitatus sp. n. (Fig. 11J, K) and C. acapitatus sp. n. (Fig. 13D). Females, based on dissected and whole specimens, appear to have the notch in the sternite deeper than in C. acapitatus, i.e., basal length at notch/greatest length laterally= 0.46–0.73 in situ and 0.61–0.77 in drawings in C. bucapitatus and 0.71–0.87 in situ and 0.75–0.84 in drawings in C. acapitatus. The holotype is designated from the longest series of specimens, which were swept off grass near the roadside, in regrowth after fire at least one year previously. Most likely the specimens were on interspersed shrubs. Distribution and potential natural distribution model in Fig. 31C.Published as part of Stiller, Michael & Webb, Michael D., 2022, Leafhoppers of the Fynbos Biome of South Africa: Colistra, Proekes, Proekoides and a new genus (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae, Bonaspeiini), pp. 1-79 in Zootaxa 5199 (1) on pages 24-28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5199.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/725176
Pravistylus dentidiscus Stiller 2010, sp. n.
No full text<i>Pravistylus dentidiscus</i> sp. n. <p>(Figs 1 f & g; 2 ai & aj; 3 x; 4 v; 5 o & p; 6 w; 7 j–l; 8 h–j)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. Plates very short, 0.8–0.9 times as long as wide; medial margins, at their apices, forming a Ushaped notch; short triangular or digitate tooth (Figs 2 ai & aj, 8 i). Style distal part far from base; dorsal apophysis short, about as long as width across preapical lobe (Figs 5 o & p). Female sternite 7 posterior margin notch wide, deep, about half as wide as sternite, with acute points on either side (Figs 7 j–l).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. Latin, compound word with tooth (<i>dentis</i>) and plate (<i>discus</i>), for the apical tooth on the subgenital plate.</p> <p> <b>Male and female</b>. Ochraceous. Vertex commonly with 2–3 paired dark brown markings: usually narrow, longitudinal bars near apex; rectangular to irregular markings slightly more posteriad, near ocelli; third pair sometimes absent, near compound eye, at margin next to pronotum. Tegmina with brown marking in inner anteapical cell (Figs 8 h & j). Sometimes with all cells in tegmina embrowned. Hind wing very small.</p> <p> <b>Male</b>. <b>Dimensions</b>. (n = 49) <b>Length</b>: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.5–2.7 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.3–2.7 mm; vertex medially 0.4–0.5 mm; vertex next to eye 0.3 mm; pronotum medially 0.3 mm. <b>Width</b>: head 0.8–0.9 mm; pronotum 0.7–0.8 mm. Ocellar diameter 28.0 µm; ocellocular distance 25.5–37.3 µm.</p> <p> <b>Genital capsule</b>. Pygofer, in lateral view, short, greatest length 0.8–0.9 times as long as greatest width; ventral posterior margin slightly bulbous; dorsal posterior margin broadly rounded, lobate subapically (Figs 1 f & g). Pygofer lobe small, triangular, subapical. Plate short, 0.8–0.9 times as long as wide; broadly triangular, distal medial margins curved gradually or more abruptly laterally, forming U-shaped notch; posterior rounded apex produced into median, digitate or acute sclerotized tooth, sometimes curved or angled dorsally; about 4 macrosetae near apex of plate (Figs 2 ai & aj, 8 i, male, abdomen apex, ventrally); plate 0.8–1.0 times as long as wide. Aedeagus, in lateral view, with shaft arising ventrally from atrium; preatrium reduced; base of shaft basally C-shaped, apical third straight; gonopore lateral, elongate, at apical third of shaft (Figs 3 x, 4 v). Style, distal part far from anterior medial lobe; preapical lobe short (Fig. 5 p, Elim specimen); sometimes apophysis reduced (Fig. 5 o, Giant’s Castle specimen). Connective, dorsal view, as in Fig. 6 w; lateral view, straight.</p> <p> <b>Female</b>. <b>Dimensions</b>. (n = 43) <b>Length</b>: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.6–2.7 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.8–3.0 mm; vertex medially 0.4–0.5 mm; vertex next to eye 0.3–0.6 mm; pronotum medially 0.3 mm. <b>Width</b>: head 0.9 mm; pronotum 0.8 mm. Ocellar diameter 26.5–29.5 µm; ocellocular distance 28.5–43.2 µm.</p> <p> <b>Genitalia.</b> Sternite 7 hind margin with large, deep, rounded notch, flanked by long, sharp points; notch about half as wide as width of sternite (Fig. 7 j, specimen from Giant’s Castle, Fig. 7 k, Meander Hut; Fig. 7 l, Pumula Farm).</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. Holotype male. South Africa, <b>KwaZulu-Natal</b>. Pumula Farm near Champagne Castle Hotel, 29°02ʹS, 29°26ʹE, 16.x.2000, M. Stiller, sweeping, unburned, moribund grass (SANC). Paratypes. 102♂, 96♀, 8 nymphs. <b>Eastern Cape</b>. 1♂, Qachasnek, site no. 31, 30°10ʹS, 28°35ʹE, 1717 m, 29.xi.2005, MDTP survey, sweeping, MDTP 71052. <b>KwaZulu-Natal</b>. 1♂, 1♀, Contour path, Monk’s Cowl Nature Reserve, 29°05ʹS, 29°22ʹE, 1800 m, 25.ii.1995; 3♂, 3♀, Mike’s Pass, 28°58ʹS, 29°14ʹE, 1900 m, 8.xi.1999, sweeping, grass regrowth after burn; 2♂, 3♀, Champagne Castle Hotel vicinity, 29°04ʹS, 29°25ʹE, 16.x.2000, sweeping, unburned, moribund grass; 10♂, 12♀, same data as holotype; all M. Stiller; 6♂, Mike’s Pass, 28°58ʹS, 29°14ʹE, 1900 m, 16.iv.2002, DVac, moribund grass and forbs, 10h00; 7♂, 9♀, 6 nymphs, Mike’s Pass, Cathedral Peak Nature Reserve, 28°58ʹS, 29°14ʹE, 1900–2100 m, 16.iv.2002, DVac, unburned grass outside firebreak DVac, grass in moist, shaded NW slope; 4♂, 5♀, 2 nymphs, Meander Hut, next to road near wetland, 29°16ʹS, 29°32ʹE, 2100 m, 18.iv.2002, DVac, older grassland beyond firebreak; 6♂, 4♀, Meander Hut road, wetland, 29°15ʹS, 29°32ʹE, 2016 m, 18.iv.2002, DVac, longer grass, more diverse than in grassland beyond firebreak; 6♂, 12♀, Giant’s Castle, Nature Reserve 2 km outside entrance gate, 29°15ʹS, 29°31ʹE, 1850 m, 19.iv.2002, DVac, above road; 9♂, 13♀, Highmoor Forestry Station, 29°20ʹS, 29°36ʹE, 2233 m, 19.iv.2002, DVac, common grasses: <i>Koeleria capensis, Microchloa caffra, Tristachya leucothrix,</i> (Poaceae) and <i>Aristea</i> sp. (Iridaceae); 8♂, 7♀, Highmoor Forestry Station, 29°19ʹS, 29°37ʹE, 2200 m, 19.iv.2002, DVac, in grassland with 2 year burn cycle & in grassland on road beyond camp site; all M. Stiller, E. Breytenbach; 1♀, Champagne Castle Hotel vicinity, 29°04ʹS, 29°25ʹE, 16.xi.2002; 1♂, Sterkspruit River valley, Monk’s Cowl Nature Reserve, 29°02ʹS, 29°24ʹE, 1400 m, 3.i.2004, sweeping, regrowth after fire in winter or spring 2003; 2♂, 2♀, Arthur’s Seat mountain, 28°54ʹS, 29°26ʹE, 1583 m, 27.xii.2004, sweeping; all M. Stiller; 1♀, Giant’s Castle, acc. Leaf31, 29°13ʹS, 29°31ʹE, 15.iii.2002, W. Bullock, sweeping; 1♂, 1♀, Giant’s Castle, acc. Sp2leaf19, 29°13ʹS, 29°31ʹE, 4.ix.2002, W. Bullock, sweeping; 1♀, Giant’s Castle, acc. sp3leaf5, 29°12ʹS, 29°31ʹE, 13.xi.2002, W. Bullock, sweeping; 6♂, 3♀, road between Kwa Dlamini and White Mountain Resort, 29°08ʹS, 29°36ʹE, 1532 m, 26.xii.2004, M. Stiller, sweeping; 3♂, 3♀, Cathedral Peak, site no. 21, 28°58ʹS, 29°14ʹE, 1900 m, 17.xi.2005, MDTP survey, sweeping, MDTP 93095; 1♂, 2♀, Cathedral Peak, site no. 26, 28°01ʹS, 29°15ʹE, 1907 m, 19.xi.2005, MDTP survey, sweeping, MDTP 7233; 1♂, Cathedral Peak, site no.25, 28°58ʹS, 29°15ʹE, 1910 m, 19.xi.2005, MDTP survey, sweeping, MDTP 71565; 1♂, 1♀, between Breakfast Stream and base of Sterkhorn, Monk’s Cowl Nature Reserve, 29°31ʹS, 29°32ʹE, 2008 m, 9.i.2007, sweeping, <i>Festuca</i> and other species; 9♂, 5♀, Breakfast Stream, 29°03ʹS, 29°23ʹE, 1965 m, 9.i.2007, sweeping; 1♀, base of Gatberg, Monk’s Cowl Nature Reserve, 29°02ʹS, 29°20ʹE, 2300 m, 9.i.2007, sweeping; <i>Festuca</i> sp., 2♂, 2♀, Hlathikulu Neck, on contour path, Monk’s Cowl Nature Reserve, 29°04ʹS, 29°21ʹE, 1920 m, 9.i.2007, sweeping; <i>Festuca</i> sp., 11♂, 4♀, Hlathikulu Neck, Monk’s Cowl Nature Reserve, 29°02ʹS, 29°21ʹE, 2038 m, 9.i.2007, sweeping; all M. Stiller. <b>Western Cape</b>. 2♂, road between Elim and Bredasdorp, 34°32ʹS, 19°47ʹE, 100 m, 1.iv.2001, M. Stiller, sweeping, <i>Ischyrolepis</i> sp. and <i>Chondropetalum microcarpum</i> (Restionaceae) in wetland grazed and trampled by cattle (BMNH, INHS, SANC).</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. Most specimens are remarkably uniform (Fig. 2 ai, specimen from KwaZulu Natal Province; Fig. 2 aj, specimen from Western Cape Province), except for the orientation of the posterior process of the plate, that may be orientated posteriorly or dorsally at 45º. The pygofer lobe is somewhat variable, large as in Fig. 1 f (KwaZulu-Natal Province) or reduced as in Fig. 1 g (Western Cape Province). The wide notch of the female sternite 7 is unique in this species, showing little variation and without any specimens depicting damage (Fig. 7 j, Giant’s Castle, Fig. 7 k, Meander Hut, Fig. 7 l, Pumula Farm). Parasitized specimens have a Y-shaped connective, without any other significant deformities (out of 23 dissected males, two specimens showed signs of parasitism). The specimen illustrated here with the reduced dorsal apodeme of the style (Fig. 5 o) is not parasitized, or at least has the normal connective.</p>Published as part of <i>Stiller, M., 2010, Revision of the Southern African leafhopper genus Pravistylus (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) 2468, pp. 1-81 in Zootaxa 2468 (1)</i> on pages 15-16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2468.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10094177">http://zenodo.org/record/10094177</a>
Pravistylus scolopygeus Stiller 2010, sp. n.
No full text<i>Pravistylus scolopygeus</i> sp. n. <p>(Figs 1 af; 2 l; 3 w; 4 u; 5 h; 6 v; 7 bw–by; 8 bf)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. Plate 1.7–1.9 times as long as wide; deeply notched subbasally; apices unequal in length, narrow, blunt (Fig. 2 l); plate similar to that of <i>P. longitrunculus</i> (Fig. 2 k). Pygofer lobe with sclerotized appendage on median surface (Fig. 1 af). Aedeagus, in dorsal view, with base of shaft depressed, tapering towards apex (Figs 3 w, 4 u). Style with distal part close to base; apophysis very narrow (Fig. 5 h). Female sternite 7 ligula with triangular or rectangular ligula, base rectangular (Figs 7 bw–by).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. Greek, for the thorn-like (<i>skolos</i>) spine on the pygofer (<i>pyge</i>).</p> <p> <b>Male and female</b>. Ochraceous, sometimes with minor fuscous markings on vertex, generally with fuscous markings in inner anteapical, posterior discal and brachial cells (Fig. 8 bf).</p> <p> <b>Male</b>. <b>Dimensions</b>. (n = 16) Length: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.4–2.8 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.7–3.1 mm; vertex medially 0.5 mm; vertex next to eye 0.3–0.4 mm; pronotum medially 0.3–0.4 mm. <b>Width</b>: head 0.9–1.0 mm; pronotum 0.8–0.9 mm. Ocellar diameter 28.0 µm; ocellocular distance 32.8–51.2 µm.</p> <p> <b>Genital capsule</b>. Pygofer, in lateral view, with ventral posterior margin bulbous, membranous; dorsal posterior margin lobate (Fig. 1 af). Pygofer lobe subapical, short, with medial spine-like process, curved ventrally (Fig 1 af); width of lobe about ¾ as wide as width of pygofer (Fig. 1 af). Plate roughly triangular; subbasal lateral margin emarginate, tufts of setae distally and proximally of emargination; apex sclerotized, narrow, rounded or truncate; both apices usually of dissimilar length; 3–8 uniseriate subapical macrosetae (Fig. 2 l); plate 1.7–1.9 times as long as wide. Aedeagal shaft, lateral view, arising medially from atrium; preatrium short; C-shaped; dorsal view, tapering toward apex, depressed; gonopore ventral, elongate, extending from apex into about one third of shaft (Figs 3 w, 4 u). Style distal part close to anterior medial lobe; apophysis elongate, curved, narrow with large basal, ventral tooth; preapical lobe acute (Fig. 5 h). Connective, in lateral view, with distal half slightly angled dorsad; dorsal view, stem narrow, rounded (Fig. 6 v).</p> <p> <b>Female</b>. <b>Dimensions</b>. (n = 11) <b>Length</b>: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.4–2.9 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 3.0– 3.4 mm; vertex medially 0.5–0.6 mm; vertex next to eye 0.3–0.4 mm; pronotum medially 0.3–0.4 mm. <b>Width</b>: head 0.9–1.0 mm; pronotum 0.8–0.9 mm. Ocellar diameter 26.5–30.7 µm; ocellocular distance 35.7–50.8 µm.</p> <p> <b>Genitalia.</b> Sternite 7 with base rectangular, median posterior ligula about as long as median length of base; ligula variable: triangular (Fig. 7 bw), with base triangular, apex parallel (Fig. 7 bx) or ligula rectangular (Fig. 7 by), V- or U-shaped notch; ventral surface of ligula and sternite with median ridge.</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. Holotype male. South Africa, <b>Mpumalanga</b>. Suikerboschfontein Farm, 25°56ʹS, 30°19ʹE, 1700 m, 3.ii.2001, M. Stiller, sweeping, grass and forbs (SANC). Paratypes. 16♂, 12♀. <b>Limpopo</b>. 1♂, 1♀, Sekororo Kloof near Burgersfort, 24°23ʹ6ʺS, 30°27ʹ39ʺE, 1430 m, 19.iii.2005, M. Stiller, sweeping, very short grazed <i>Cynodon dactylon</i> (Poaceae) and other grass species; 2♀, Sekororo Kloof, summit, 24°22ʹ55ʺS, 30.29ʹ20ʺE, 1830 m, 19.iii.2005, M. Stiller, sweeping, steep E-facing shaded slope on summit; 5♂, 4♀, Sekororo Kloof, 24°22ʹ55ʺS, 30°29ʹ20ʺE, 1800 m, 19.iii.2005, M. Stiller, sweeping, summit ridge grazed grass and forbs; 2♂, 1♀, The Downs, near black wattle plantation, 24°10ʹ40.46ʺS, 30°12ʹ04.77ʺE, 1460 m, 25.iv.2009, M. Stiller, sweeping grass and forbs. <b>Mpumalanga</b>. 8♂, 4♀, same data as holotype (BMNH, INHS, SANC).</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. The plate of this species (Fig. 2 l) is similar to that of <i>P. longitrunculus</i> (Fig. 2 k), with the sternite 7 of both females also depicting similarities. However the elongate process on the median surface of the pygofer lobe (Fig. 1 af) is the distinctive feature of <i>P. scolopygeus</i>, and is sometimes visible in undissected specimens. The pygofer lobe in <i>P. longitrunculus</i> (Fig. 1 p) is much longer than in <i>P. scolopygeus</i> (Fig. 1 af), the style has the distal part close to the base in both species with the apophysis digitate in <i>P. longitrunculus</i> (Fig. 5 e), but narrower in <i>P.scolopygeus</i> (Fig. 5 h). The aedeagal shaft is not compressed in <i>P. longitrunculus</i> (Figs 3 ab, 4 z), and in the connective the stem wider (Fig. 6 z) than in <i>P. scolopygeus</i> (Fig. 6 v). No other species has a similarly pronounced process on the pygofer lobe, except a distinctly smaller tooth in <i>P. odontopygeus</i> (Fig. 1 y).</p>Published as part of <i>Stiller, M., 2010, Revision of the Southern African leafhopper genus Pravistylus (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) 2468, pp. 1-81 in Zootaxa 2468 (1)</i> on pages 44-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2468.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10094177">http://zenodo.org/record/10094177</a>
Tetramelasma Stiller 2011, gen.n.
No full textTetramelasma gen.n. (Figs 9a–g; 10a–k). Type species: Tetramelasma tanyphysis sp. n. Gender feminine. Etymology. Compound word in Greek, tetra, four, melasma, a black spot, for the four dark markings on the vertex. Gender feminine. Diagnosis. Moderately large leafhoppers (4–5 mm long), vertex with paired fuscous markings (Figs 2a; 3a; 5a; 6a&b; 7a; 9a; 10a). Hind wing about ½ as long and ¾ as wide as tegmina, tegmina reaching apex or beyond apex of abdomen. Tegmina without appendix, or very narrow (Figs 7g, 9f). Aedeagus narrow, tubular (Figs 1g &h, 4e, 7e&f, 9e), base fused to connective (e.g. Figs 4e, 9e), shaft with subapical dorsal gonopore. Plate variable, generally truncate, length either up to ½ as long as pygofer (Figs 3c&d, 4a&b, 9b&c), or about as long as pygofer, viewed laterally (Fig. 1c&d). Style either with apophysis elongate, with ventral tooth (Figs 1f, 9d) or short, invaginated posteriorly, variably dentate (Figs 4c&d; 7d). Female valvulae exposed basally (Figs 2b, 5b&c, 8a, 10b); sternite 7 variable, with wide notch of variable depth; variably produced laterally (Figs 2b–e; 5b–f; 6c–g; 8a–d; 10b– e). Colour. Male & female. Base colour yellowish-brown. Vertex dorsoapically with two paired fuscous markings: apical pair usually triangular, close together; basal pair close to anterior margin of compound eyes, roughly circular; markings of variable size. Vertex, pronotum and rarely scutellum sometimes dorsally with faint to darkbrown longitudinal stripes. Clypeus yellowish overlain by pale to dark-brown horizontal arcs, sometimes extending dorsally into vertex. Tegmina translucent smoky-yellowish-brown or almost colourless, veins pale to transparent; costal cell pale yellow, other cells sometimes bordered with light-brown markings (especially in apical cells) (e.g. Figs 3a, 7a, 9a). Tegmina & hind wings. Male & female. Tegmina macropterous (Figs 3a, 5a, 6b, 7a, 9a) or submacropterous (Figs 2a, 6a, 10a). Hind wing usually reduced, ½ as wide and ¾ as long as tegmina, jugal lobe present, small. (Figs 1i, 2f, 7h&i, 9g), M1+2 sometimes fused to R4+5. Rarely hind wing fully developed (256 specimen’s wings examined, 12 specimens with hind wing as long and wide as tegmina). External morphology. Male & female . Vertex 1.3–2.0 times longer medially than length of vertex next to eye, width of head 1.0–1.1 times wider than width across pronotum, diameter of ocellus 28 µm, ocellocular distance up to 48 µm. Vertex narrowly rounded to face, shagreened, disc of vertex smooth. Pronotum smooth. Clypellus rectangular, lateral convergent, subparallel margins. Gena extending slightly beyond posterior margin clypellus, slightly incised below eye. Spinulation of protibia 1+4. Profemur setae in row AV short, relatively thick, intercalary row setae about three times longer than those in AV, AV1 seta slightly longer and thicker than intercalary setae. Mesotibial setal formula 4+4. Metafemoral setal formula 2+2+1, apical paired setae slightly shorter than subapical seta, medial pair of different length and thickness. Metathoracic tibis with four rows of setae, as defined by Davis (1975). In all species of Tetramelasma, except in T. litopyx row III with uniform row of setae, reaching apex of tibia. In T. litopyx with row III without apical seta, but two subapical, heavily sclerotized setae, with tibia around base of these two setae sclerotized, both or one sometimes asymmetrical, about three times longer than basal setae. Internal morphology. Abdominal apodeme . Anterior and posterior apodeme narrow, without significantly enlarged lobes. Male. Dimensions. Apex of vertex to tips of tegmina 3.9–4.5 mm, vertex 1.1–1.5 times longer medially than length next to eye, head 1.1–1.3 times wider than pronotum, vertex 0.7–1.3 times longer than medial length of pronotum, vertex 0.3–0.5 times longer than width of head across eyes. Genital capsule. Segment 10 weakly sclerotized, lateral margins concave (Fig. 1b) or straight (Fig. 3b), incised ⅓ or ½ way into pygofer. Pygofer, viewed laterally, with posterior lobe bluntly triangular or rounded (Figs 1d, 3c, 4b, 7b, 9c); ventral margin usually bulbous, of variable size, sometimes larger than pygofer posterior lobe (Fig. 9c). Medial surface of ventral pygofer lobe with spine-like process of variable length; apex of spine diagnostic in some species: a. Narrowly acuminate (Fig. 4a&b). b. Wide with subapical tooth (Figs 3c, 7b). c. Bipinnate (Fig. 9c). d. Reduced (Fig. 1d). Ventral pygofer lobe sometimes reduced (Fig. 1d). Plate variable: commonly short, about one fifth the length of pygofer, posterior margin truncate, lateral and medial margins rounded or straight (Figs 3c&d, 4a&b, 7b&c, 9b&c); rarely about as long as length of pygofer (Fig. 1d); posterior, medial and lateral margins rounded, sinuous subapically (Fig. 1c); dorsolateral margin with sclerotized process apically, process digitate or rounded, variably extended beyond posterior margin of plate. Macrosetae grouped lateromedially, 4–8 in number. Style apophysis generally short (about 1–2 times as long as greatest basal width), shape variable: a. Expanded, barrel-shaped, posteriorly excavated, with mediolateral margin variably toothed, either with series of 5–6 distinct, uniseriate teeth (Figs 4c, 7d) or serration reduced to rounded protrusion and cluster of 2–4 denticles (Fig. 4d). b. Narrowly produced with medioventral or lateral serration (Figs 1f, 9d). Style basally with lateral lobe short, posteriad; medial lobe narrow, elongate, perpendicular to base. Aedeagus with shaft prominent, tubular, straight in dorsal view, curved or undulating in lateral view, gonopore subapical, dorsal (Figs 1g &h; 4e; 7e&f; 9e); dorsal apodeme reduced. Connective linear, of uniform width, arms fused anteriorly, fused to aedeagus (Fig. 1e). Female. Dimensions. 4.2–5.0 mm from apex of vertex to tips of tegmina, vertex 1.3–1.5 times longer medially than length next to eye, head 1.1 times wider than pronotum, vertex 1.1–1.5 times longer than medial length of pronotum, vertex 0.4–0.6 times longer than width of head across eyes. Genitalia. Abdominal sternite 7 narrow, with three basic shapes: a. Falcate, with posterolateral margin produced uniformly (Fig. 6c–g). b. Falcate, with posterolateral margin folded under lateral margins (Figs 5b–f; 8a–d). c. Trapezoid, posterior margin with medial, narrow V-shaped notch, lateral margins straight, angled slightly posteriad, medial disc membranous, laterally more or less sclerotized (Fig. 2b–e). Valvula 3 without major setae, only fine setae (Figs 2j&l; 6k&l; 8j&k; 10j&k). Valvula 2 finely serrate (Figs 2h&k; 6j; 8g &h; 10g &i). Valvula 1 lanceolate, with imbricate sculpture (Figs 2g &i; 6h&i; 8e&f; 10f&h). Relationships. Tetramelasma is placed in the tribe Deltocephalini based on the linear shaped connective and fusion between the connective and aedeagus, as defined by Webb & Viraktamath (2009) and Zahniser & Dietrich (2010). Other Deltocephalini in South Africa include Theronus Stiller, 2009, Heidinus Theron, 1988 and Maiestas Distant. None of these genera are significantly similar to Tetramelasma, except possibly the simple, tubular aedeagus. The fusion between the aedeagus and connective is distinct in these four genera, with the arms of the connective contiguous. The fusion of the arms of the connective is a distinguishing feature of the Paralimnini, but members of this tribe have the connective articulated with the aedeagus. In some instances this distinction between fusion and articulation becomes vague as pointed out by Webb & Viraktamath (2009). When compared to Palaearctic genera, Tetramelasma has similar colour and markings to that of Conosanus Osborne and Ball (Deltocephalinae, Athysanini) and Turrutus Ribaut (Deltocephalinae, Deltocephalini). The excavated apophysis of the style of Ebarrius Ribaut (Deltocephalinae, Paralimnini) bears some resemblance to that of Tetramelasma. In the Neotropical Region the shape of the plate of Tetramelasma somewhat resembles that of Haldorus (Parahaldorus) Linnavuori (Deltocephalinae, Deltocephalini).Published as part of Stiller, M., 2011, A new leafhopper genus and four new species from the Grassland Biome of South Africa (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae), pp. 35-51 in Zootaxa 2794 (1) on pages 36-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2794.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/529021
Pravistylus mutilidiscus Stiller 2010, sp. n.
No full text<i>Pravistylus mutilidiscus</i> sp. n. <p>(Figs 1 v & w; 2 ak–ap; 3 i–k; 4 i; 5 v & w; 6 h; 7 ax–bi; 8 al–ar)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. Variable, widely distributed species. Plate posterior margin variably truncate: (a) Medial apex longer than lateral apex (Fig. 2 ao). (b) Medial apex as long as lateral apex, sometimes concave (Fig. 2 ak). (c) Medial apex shorter than lateral apex (Figs 2 al–an & ap). Aedeagus without much intraspecific variation; lateral view, shaft arising dorsally from atrium; preatrium elongate; dorsal apodeme reduced; shaft about twice as long as atrium and preatrium; base C-shaped, apical third straight; dorsal view, base wide, tapering towards apex (Figs 3 i–k, 4 i). Style distal part far from base; dorsal apodeme length variable (Figs 5 v & w). Female sternite 7 variable: Commonly posterior margin with small, shallow notch flanked by acute points (Figs 7 ay, az, bc, bd, bg, bh); rarely narrow, triangular ligula with small V-shaped notch (Figs 7 bf & bi), that appears prone to damage (Figs 7 ax, ba, bb & be).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. Latin, compound word from cut off (<i>mutilatus</i>) and plate (<i>discus</i>), for the apex of the subgenital plate that is square, concave and sometimes with the apices of different length.</p> <p> <b>Male and female</b>. Ochraceous, sometimes two paired markings on anterior margin of vertex. Pronotum sometimes with 2–3 paired, wide, longitudinal brown stripes. Hind wing reduced, triangular, about half as long as tegmina. Tegmina veins opaque, cells translucent, sometimes brown markings in inner anteapical cells, sometimes other cells (Fig. 8 al–ar). About 4% of examined specimens (mainly males) macropterous, hind wings normal (Fig. 8 aq).</p> <p> <b>Male</b>. <b>Dimensions</b>. (n = 107) <b>Length</b>: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.3–2.7 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.5–2.9 mm; vertex medially 0.4–0.5 mm; vertex next to eye 0.3 mm; pronotum medially 0.3 mm. <b>Width</b>: head 0.8–0.9 mm; pronotum 0.7–0.8 mm. Ocellar diameter 26.8–29.5 µm; ocellocular distance 36.2–52.4 µm.</p> <p> <b>Genital capsule</b>. Pygofer, in lateral view, rectangular (Fig. 1 v) or square (Fig. 1 w); ventral posterior margin broadly rounded; dorsal posterior margin lobate. Pygofer lobe subapical, short, bluntly rounded, base wide, about half as wide as pygofer (Figs 1 v & w). Plate length, posterior margin shape: variable (Figs 2 ak– ap). Length varies from wider than long to much longer than wide; commonly 0.7–1.0 times as long as wide; rarely more elongate (in 6 out of 346 examined specimens left and right plates were 1.2–1.6 times as long as wide). Posterior margin generally truncate, sometimes concave; base of plate roughly triangular; median margin straight or curved, lateral margin slightly sinuous. Posterior apex of plate variable, three states recognized: medial and lateral apex of equal length (Fig. 2 ak); medial apex produced more than lateral apex (Fig. 2 ao); lateral apex produced more than medial apex (Figs 2 al–an & ap). Macrosetae uniseriate, distal setae often obscuring lateral margin of plate apex; lateral margin of plate apex usually weakly sclerotized. Medial posterior margin sometimes produced into sclerotized, dorsally directed tooth (Figs 2 am–ap). Aedeagal shaft, in lateral view, arising dorsally from atrium; preatrium elongate; dorsal apodeme reduced; base C-shaped, apical third straight; shaft, dorsal view, wide basally, tapering towards apex; gonopore oblique, lateral (Figs 3 i–k, 4 i). Style distal part far from anterior medial lobe; apophysis of variable length, parallel-sided; apex truncate, usually three ventral teeth; preapical angle and lobe acute; variant with elongate apophysis sometimes reaching beyond apical margin of plate (Figs 5 v & w). Connective in lateral view with stem apex curved dorsally; in dorsal view, stem one third as long as arms, of similar width (Fig. 6 h).</p> <p> <b>Female</b>. <b>Dimensions</b>. (n = 39) <b>Length</b>: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.5–2.9 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 3.0– 3.4 mm; vertex medially 0.5 mm; vertex next to eye 0.3–0.4 mm; pronotum medially 0.3–0.4 mm. <b>Width</b>: head 0.9–1.0 mm; pronotum 0.8–0.9 mm. Ocellar diameter 26.4–29.6 µm; ocellocular distance 41.7–61.1 µm.</p> <p> <b>Genitalia.</b> Sternite 7 variable (Figs 7 ax–bi). Usually posterior margin with small, shallow notch, flanked by short points; width of notch about one fifth as wide as width of sternite (Figs 7 ay, az, bc, bd, bg & bh). Rarely posterior margin more variable; narrow triangular ligula with narrow V-shaped or rounded notch (Figs 7 bb, bf & bi); ligula of variable length, often broken off or with margin variably frayed margin (Figs 7 ax, ba & be).</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. Holotype male. South Africa, <b>Eastern Cape</b>. Hartfell Farm, north Somerset East, 32°39ʹS, 25°36ʹE, 1396 m, 23.iv.2006, DVac, two grazed habitats, with more or less <i>Themeda triandra</i>, and many other common grass species (SANC). Paratypes. 515♂, 272♀, 31 nymphs. <b>Eastern Cape</b>. 1♂, Pirrie Dam, 32°43ʹS, 27°08ʹE, 15.xi.1944, J. Omer Cooper; 1♂, Tsolo, 31°15ʹS, 28°47ʹE, 24.v.1970, H. Geertsema; 10♂, 3♀, East London, 33°01ʹS, 27°55ʹE, 15.xii.1974; 8♂, Humansdorp, 34°01ʹS, 24°45ʹE, 3.ii.1977, sweeping; 1♂, Kareedouw, 33°57ʹS, 24°17ʹE, 8.ii.1977; 1♂, Joubertina, 33°50ʹS, 23°51ʹE, 20.i.1982; 1♂, Cathcart, 32°18ʹS, 27°12ʹE, 20.i.1984, sweeping; 2♂, King William’s Town, 32°50ʹS, 27°26ʹE, 21.i.1984, sweeping; 21♂, 8♀, Stutterheim, 32°33ʹS, 27°28ʹE, 21.i.1984, sweeping; 8♂, 3♀, Bathurst, 33°50ʹS, 26°49ʹE, 22.i.1984, sweeping; 2♂, Port Alfred, 33°40ʹS, 26°47ʹE, 22.i.1984; 6♂, 1♀, Aliwal North, 30°45ʹS, 26°45ʹE, 12.i.1986; 6♂, 3♀, Lady Grey, 30°40ʹS, 27°15ʹE, 12.i.1986; all J.G. Theron; 2♂, 1♀, Rhodes, 30°48ʹS, 27°58ʹE, 23.iv.2000, sweeping, grazed grass & forbs; 2♂, 1♀, Rhodes, 30°48ʹS, 27°58ʹE, 23.iv.2000, sweeping, grass; 15♂, 8♀, Lundin’s Neck road near Barkly East junction, 30°51ʹS, 27°57ʹE, 26.iv.2000, sweeping, short grass; 1♂, Balloch Peak, base, SE slope, near Lundin’s Neck, 30°40ʹS, 27°42ʹE, 2100 m, 28.iii.2005, sweeping, broad-leaved grass, no flower; 2♂, 1♀, Wildfell Farm, 30°40ʹS, 27°48ʹE, 2180 m, 29.iii.2005, sweeping, grazed grass; 5♂, 1♀, Halseton Krans, 30°42ʹS, 27°47ʹE, 2200 m, 1.iv.2005, sweeping, short grass; all M. Stiller; 6♂, Prentjiesberg, site 47, 31°06ʹS, 28°12ʹE, 1570 m, 11.xi.2005, MDTP survey, sweeping; 2♂, 1♀, Prentjiesberg, site 48, 31°06ʹS, 28°12ʹE, 1579 m, 11.xi.2005, MDTP survey, sweeping; 1♀, Prentjiesberg, site 52, 31°08ʹS, 28°11ʹE, 1460 m, 13.xi.2005, MDTP survey, sweeping; 3♂, 1♀, Wapadsberg Pass between Graaff Reinet and Cradock, 31°55ʹS, 24°54ʹE, 1700 m, 2.i.2006, sweeping; 2♂, 1♀, Bakenkop near Tarkastad, 32°16ʹS, 26°25ʹE, 1759 m, 19.iv.2006, DVac, roadside and grazed pasture; 8♂, 9♀, 1 nymph, Devil’s Bellows Neck, 32°25ʹS, 26°40ʹE, 1750 m, 19.iv.2006, DVac, <i>Festuca</i> sp.; 5♂, 1♀, Devil’s Bellows Neck, 32°25ʹS, 26°40ʹE, 1646 m, 19.iv.2006, DVac, grazed pasture, <i>Festuca</i> sp.; 6♂, 3♀, Freredell, north, 31°20ʹS, 26°42ʹE, 1741 m, 19.iv.2006, DVac, <i>Miscanthus</i> sp.; 2♂, 1♀, 1 nymph, Joubert Pass, Lady Grey, 30°43ʹS, 27°15ʹE, 1920 m, 19.iv.2006, DVac, grazed grass along roadside; 6♂, 1♀, between Molteno and Queenstown, 31°23ʹS, 26°40ʹE, 1788 m, 19.iv.2006, DVac, grass on road side; 9♂, 2♀, Penhoek, between Aliwal North and Queenstown, 31°26ʹS, 26°41ʹE, 1854 m, 19.iv.2006, DVac, pasture; 1♂, Greenbushes Station, west Port Elizabeth, 33°56ʹS, 25°25ʹE, 208 m, 21.iv.2006, DVac, <i>Stenotaphrum</i> sp.; 6♂, 5♀, Jeffrey’s Bay, 34°05ʹS, 24°55ʹE, 21.iv.2006, DVac, irrigated pasture: <i>Cenchrus ciliaris</i> and <i>Cynodon dactylon</i> dominant; 22♂, 9♀, Uitsig Farm, Humansdorp, 34°01ʹS, 24°49ʹE, 170 m, 21.iv.2006, DVac, grazed grass in valley on hill; 2♂, Glazenwood Farm, Bathurst, 33°32ʹS, 26°50ʹE, 116 m, 22.iv.2006, DVac; 2♂, Charlton Farm, north Somerset East, 32°40ʹS, 25°40ʹE, 1271 m, 23.iv.2006, DVac, unpalatable grass in pasture; 11♂, 12♀, 7 nymphs, at Grahamstown and Alicedale road junction, 33°24ʹS, 26°22ʹE, 560 m, 23.iv.2006, DVac, road reserve and grazed pasture; 11♂, 9♀, 2 nymphs, same data as holotype; 4♂, 2♀, Hartfell Farm, north Somerset East, 32°39ʹS, 25°37ʹE, 1362 m, 23.iv.2006, DVac, <i>Eragrostis</i> sp.; 6♂, 4♀, Olifantskop Pass, between Patterson and Cookhouse, 33°18ʹS, 25°57ʹE, 713 m, 23.iv.2006, DVac, disturbed grassland; 12♂, Stone Hill, Grahamstown, 33°20ʹS, 26°33ʹE, 698 m, 23.iv.2006, DVac, grass regrowth after fire; 1♂, 6♀, Tharfield Farm, east Port Alfred, 33°32ʹS, 27°00ʹE, 42 m, 23.iv.2006, DVac, pasture, <i>Stenotaphrum</i> sp.; 9♂, 7♀, Doon Farm, Thomas River Cathcart, 32°28ʹS, 27°17ʹE, 1115 m, 24.iv.2006, DVac, wet grass on ridge with Aloes; 2♂, 3♀, Henderson Heights, NE Cathcart, 32°15ʹS, 27°11ʹE, 1270 m, 24.iv.2006, DVac, grazed pasture; 6♂, 2♀, Granta Farm, Komga, 32°37ʹS, 27°46ʹE, 784 m, 25.iv.2006, DVac, two habitats: lightly & intensively grazed pasture; 6♂, 3♀, 1 nymph, between Dordrecht and Rossouw, 31°48ʹS, 26°06ʹE, 1767 m, 26.iv.2006, DVac, road reserve; 2♂, 2♀, Dordrecht, south, 31°26ʹS, 27°02ʹE, 1723 m, 26.iv.2006, DVac, road reserve, soggy soil, not grazed; 6♂, 4♀, Groendal, Dordrecht, 31°09ʹS, 27°06ʹE, 1804 m, 26.iv.2006, DVac, road reserve; 8♂, 3♀, 1 nymph, between Barkly East and Elliot, 31°12ʹS, 27°58ʹE, 1962 m, 27.iv.2006, DVac, road reserve and grazed pasture; 8♂, 4♀, between Elliot and Rhodes, 31°06ʹS, 27°52ʹE, 1884 m, 27.iv.2006, DVac, road verge: <i>Eragrostis</i>, <i>Miscanthus</i> spp and <i>Themeda triandra</i> common; 1♂, between Maclear and Rhodes, 30°52ʹS, 28°11ʹE, 1739 m, 27.iv.2006, DVac, habitat around a pine plantation. <i>Festuca</i> sp. along margin of plantation, and grass beyond plantation; 10♂, 4♀, 1 nymph, between Naude’s Neck and Maclear, 30°45ʹS, 28°07ʹE, 2279 m, 27.iv.2006, DVac, three habitats: grazed grass, <i>Festuca</i> sp. and <i>Andropogon</i> ? <i>appendiculatus</i>; 5♂, 2♀, between Rhodes and Naudé’s Neck, 30°43ʹS, 28°06ʹE, 2390 m, 27.iv.2006, DVac, <i>Merxmuellera</i> sp. regrowth after fire, <i>Merxmuellera</i> sp.; 8♂, 8♀, Rhodes, 30°51ʹS, 27°54ʹE, 1965 m, 27.iv.2006, DVac, short grass and forbs, grazed pasture, <i>Eragrostis</i> sp. dominant; 5♂, 1♀, Mdlandkomo Administration Area, east Umtata, 31°33ʹS, 28°55ʹE, 973 m, 28.iv.2006, DVac, long grass and sedges, in little grazed pasture, wet soil; 2♂, 3♀, junction between Umtata and Tsolo, 31°22ʹS, 28°49ʹE, 1048 m, 28.iv.2006, DVac, roadside reserve and grazed pasture; 12♂, 8♀, 4 nymphs, Prentjiesberg, 31°07ʹS, 28°10ʹE, 1428 m, 29.iv.2006; 5♂, 2♀, Zwelitcha near Tsolo, 31°10ʹS, 28°34ʹE, 1335 m, 29.iv.2006, DVac, pasture; 19♂, 18♀, 2 nymphs, Dwesa Nature Reserve, coastal dune, 32°17ʹ23.54ʺS, 28°51ʹ24.50ʺE, 50 m, 30.xii.2008, sweeping grass and forbs; 1♂, 6♀, Qumbu vicinity, 31°09ʹ30.04ʺS, 28°53ʹ30.54ʺE, 1018 m, 3.i.2009, sweeping short grazed grass; all M. Stiller. <b>Free State</b>. 15♂, 1♀, Golden Gate, 28°31ʹS, 28°37ʹE, 6.i.1971, R. Kluge; 1♂, Kroonstad, 27°46ʹS, 27°12ʹE, 21.i.1975; 4♂, 2♀, Reitz, 22°25ʹS, 30°16ʹE, 22.i.1975, sweeping; 1♂, Tweeling, 27°33ʹS, 28°31ʹE, 22.i.1975; 2♂, 2♀, Vrede, 27°26ʹS, 29°10ʹE, 22.i.1975; 1♂, Vrede, 27°26ʹS, 29°10ʹE, 8.iii.1976, G.D. van Rensburg; 5♂, 1♀, Ficksburg, 28°53ʹS, 27°53ʹE, 19.xii.1978; 2♂, Fouriesburg, 28°37ʹS, 28°13ʹE, 19.xii.1978; 13♂, 5♀, Kestell, 28°46ʹS, 28°40ʹE, 19.xii.1978; 4♂, 1♀, Ficksburg, 28°53ʹS, 27°53ʹE, 30.i.1981, sweeping; 8♂, 7♀, Warden, 27°56ʹS, 29°00ʹE, 30.i.1981, sweeping; 2♀, Golden Gate, 28°31ʹS, 28°37ʹE, 20.xii.1982; 1♀, Reddersburg, 29°38ʹS, 26°07ʹE, 23.i.1983; 1♂, Thaba Nchu, 29°13ʹS, 26°50ʹE, 7.i.1986, sweeping; 19♂, 6♀, Golden Gate Park, 28°31ʹS, 28°37ʹE, 8.i.1986; all J.G. Theron; 6♀, Clarens, 28°31ʹS, 28°29ʹE, 26.i.1991, sweeping; 3♂, Koppies Dam Nature Reserve, 27°15ʹS, 27°41ʹE, 22.ii.1993, <i>Cynodon dactylon;</i> 1♂, Buckland Downs Farm, near Harrismith, 27°58ʹS, 29°07ʹE, 15.iv.1998; 6♂, 7♀, Wonderwater Strip Mine, 26°47ʹS, 27°48ʹE, 1450 m, 11.ii.1998, old game park, seasonally wet marshland; grassland at entrance garden, translocated rehabilitation; wetland near Wonderfontein spring; 8♂, 6♀, same data as above, but, 17.xii.1998, old game park, marshland grassland; 1♂, 1♀, same data as above, but, 12.v.1999, old game park, marshland grassland; 2♂, same data as above, but, 23.xi.1999, grassland at entrance garden, translocated rehabilitation; 2♂, same data as above, but, 10.iv.2000 grassland at entrance garden, translocated rehabilitation; 2♂, Cornelia vicinity, 27°13ʹS, 28°47ʹE, 22.x.2000, sweeping, moribund grass near river; all M. Stiller; 1♀, Zastron, 1 km N, 30°15ʹS, 27°04ʹE, 1550 m, 5.iii.2002, DVac, dry embankment on road verge, with <i>Themeda triandra</i> dominant; 6♀, Harrismith, 20 km NNE, 28°07ʹS, 29°10ʹE, 1740 m, 6.iii.2002; 6♂, 4♀, Kommandonek, NE Ficksburg, 28°48ʹS, 28°00ʹE, 1650 m, 6.iii.2002, sweeping; all M. Stiller, J. du Plessis; 7♂, 2♀, Koloniesplaas, Memel, 27°42ʹS, 28°36ʹE, 1850 m, 14.xi.2003, sweeping, short, grazed grass (> 50 mm long); 1♀, Woudsicht road, 14 km S Vrede, 27°34ʹS, 29°00ʹE, 1800 m, 4.i.2004, sweeping, grass in road reserve; 5♂, 3♀, 1 nymph, Clarens, 8 km N on Bethlehem road, 28°27ʹS, 28°25ʹE, 1700 m, 2.i.2006, sweeping; 4♂, 1♀, between Tweeling and Frankfort, 27°27ʹS, 28°31ʹE, 1550 m, 2.i.2006, sweeping; 8♂, 9♀, 13 km W Memel on route R34, 27°39ʹ53.35ʺS, 29°27ʹ05.37ʺE, 1910 m, 25.xii.2008, sweeping grass and forbs in grazed pasture; all M. Stiller. <b>Gauteng</b>. 3♂, Devon, 26°27ʹS, 28°46ʹE, 8.iii.1976, G.D. Van Rensburg; 1♂, 1♀, Suikerbosrand Nature Reserve, 26°31ʹS, 28°14ʹE, 21.ii.1995, DVac meadow; 13♂, 13♀, Devon, 2 km S, 26°24ʹS, 28°45ʹE, 1680 m, 14.iii.2002, DVac, Themeda triandra dominated grassland in waterlogged soil; 1♂, Colbyn Nature Area, 25°44ʹS, 28°16ʹE, 1400 m, 4.iv.2003, sweeping; 2♂, 1♀, Diepkloof summit, Suikerbosrand Nature Reserve, 26°29ʹS, 28°12ʹE, 1840 m, 22.iii.2005, DVac, <i>Themeda triandra</i> dominated grassland on the summit, collected at 11h30; 7♂, 10♀, Toringkop, Suikerbosrand Nature Reserve, 26°30ʹS, 28°13ʹE, 1900 m, 22.iii.2005, DVac, grass and forbs on rock outcrop, with <i>Melinis repens</i> dominant; 11♂, 9♀, Leondale, SE Johannesburg, 26°17ʹS, 28°10ʹE, 13.iv.2005, DVac, grass along margin of marsh; 7♂, 2♀, Vaal Dam near Aeolians Sailing Club, 26°49ʹS, 28°10ʹE, 1500 m, 20.iii.2006, sweeping, grass in overgrazed meadow, and grass in wetland, with <i>Setaria</i> sp. dominant; all M. Stiller. <b>KwaZulu-Natal</b>. 2♂, Durban, 29°53ʹS, 31°00ʹE, 7.i.1971, R. Kluge; 1♂, 2♀, Van Reenen, 28°22ʹS, 29°24ʹE, 19.xii.1978, J.G. Theron, sweeping; 1♂, Elandslaagte, 28°27ʹS, 29°29ʹE, 21.i.1981, J.G. Theron; 7♂, 5♀, Evatt Police Station, 30°02ʹS, 29°21ʹE, 1790 m, 23.iv.2002, DVac, heavily grazed grassland, as well less grazed pasture; 1♂, 1♀, Orange River catchment, wetland, 28°54ʹS, 29°00ʹE, 2870 m, 16.iv.2006, sweeping, wetland grasses and sedges; 15♂, 8♀, 5 nymphs, Mt. Currie, 30°29ʹS, 29°23ʹE, 1524 m, 30.iv.2006, DVac, wet grass in road reserve; all M. Stiller. <b>Mpumalanga</b>. 2♂, 2♀, Ermelo, 26°32ʹS, 29°59ʹE, 24.xi.1971, R. Kluge; 1♂, Bethal, 26°27ʹS, 29°28ʹE, 22.i.1975, J.G. Theron, sweeping; 1♂, 1♀, Suikerboschfontein Farm, 25°56ʹS, 30°19ʹE, 1700 m, 3.ii.2001, M. Stiller, sweeping; 1♂, Ossewakop, Wakkerstroom, 27°23ʹS, 30°09ʹE, 2160 m, 7.iii.2002, M. Stiller, J. du Plessis, DVac, grassland, tall grass growing in deep soil; 1♀, Carolina, 7 km SE, 26°09ʹS, 30°08ʹE, 1650 m, 8.iii.2002, M. Stiller, J. du Plessis; 2♂, 2♀, Lawreston Farm, 26°28ʹS, 28°54ʹE, 1600 m, 14.iii.2002, M. Stiller, DVac, short grass after mowing; 8♂, 3♀, 6 nymphs, Cedarmont Road, 26°44ʹS, 29°03ʹE, 1550 m, 4.i.2004, M. Stiller, sweeping. <b>North West</b>. 3♂, 2♀, Ventersdorp, 26°15ʹS, 26°45ʹE, 23.i.1975, J.G. Theron, sweeping; 1♂, Vredefort Dome near Parys, 26°48ʹS, 27°22ʹE, 26.xii.2000, M. Stiller, sweeping; 1♂, Middelwater Farm, 25°41ʹS, 28°00ʹE, 18.iv.2003, M. Stiller, sweeping, grass and forbs on summit of mountain. <b>Western Cape</b>. 2♂, Prince Alfred’s Pass near Uniondale, 33°46ʹS, 25°10ʹE, 1.ii.1977, J.G. Theron, sweeping (BMNH, INHS, SANC).</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. This species is highly variable, but without morphological features that consistently suggest that it is a complex of species. Generally the aedeagus is consistent in shape and size throughout all examined specimens (Figs 3 i–k). In some specimens the aedeagal shaft is broken, which appears to be a common occurrence in this species. No discrete patterns were recognized in the plate and shape of the style apophysis. For instance a long style apophysis is present in the short plate (Fig. 2 al) (Bathurst specimen) and in the long plate (Fig. 2 ak) (East London and Zwetlitcha specimens). The combination of a long plate and long style apophysis was not common and was often sympatric with specimens with the short plate and short style apophysis (e.g. Bathurst specimens, Fig 2 al–an). Generally most specimens have a short plate and short style apophysis that does not project beyond the posterior margin of the plate (Figs 2 am–ap). Parasitized specimens possess a Y-shaped connective, and sometimes have an enlarged style.</p> <p>Two types of female sternite 7 are recognized (e.g. Figs 7 ay & az, and Figs 7 bb & bf, respectively) with both present at some of the localities. The small shallow notch was found in 68% of all examined specimens (n = 225) and appears to be most common in the more northern range of the species. The short ligula in 14% of specimens and long ligula in 4%. This more elongate ligula was more common in the southern range. Female recognition is further complicated by the apparently common breakage of the ligula of the 7th sternite. This occurred in about 14% of all examined females.</p>Published as part of <i>Stiller, M., 2010, Revision of the Southern African leafhopper genus Pravistylus (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) 2468, pp. 1-81 in Zootaxa 2468 (1)</i> on pages 33-36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2468.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10094177">http://zenodo.org/record/10094177</a>
Pravistylus deltoplacus Stiller 2010, sp. n.
No full text<i>Pravistylus deltoplacus</i> sp. n. <p>(Figs 1 e; 2 aa; 3 c; 4 c; 5 n; 6 b; 7 g –i; 8 f & g)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. Plate uniformly triangular, apex narrowly rounded, sclerotized (Fig. 2 aa). Aedeagal shaft depressed, in lateral view widely U-shaped; apex short; gonopore apical (Figs 3 c, 4 c). Female sternite 7 with wide, short ligula on posterior margin; notch rounded or irregular (Figs 7 g –i).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. Greek, compound word for triangle (<i>delta</i>) and plate (<i>plakos</i>), for the triangular shape of the plate.</p> <p> <b>Male and female</b>. Ochraceous, without any significant dorsal markings (male, Figs 8 f & g). Clypeus with numerous horizontal arcs. Most specimens brachypterous, with about 10% macropterous (118 specimens examined). Hind wing reduced, about half as long as tegmina; normal in macropterous specimens.</p> <p> <b>Male</b>. <b>Dimensions</b>. (n = 61) <b>Length</b>: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 1.9–2.5 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.3–2.6 mm; vertex medially 0.4 mm; vertex next to eye 0.2–0.3 mm; pronotum medially 0.3 mm. <b>Width</b>: head 0.7–0.8 mm; pronotum 0.7 mm. Ocellar diameter 14.9–27.8 µm; ocellocular distance 42.3–58.1 µm.</p> <p> <b>Genital capsule</b>. Pygofer, in lateral view, with posterior dorsal apex produced; ventral posterior margin with small triangular lip (Fig. 1 e). Pygofer lobe apex broadly rounded; base about as wide as pygofer (Fig. 1 e). Plate acutely triangular; median margin straight, lateral margin straight or slightly concave; uniseriate row of macrosetae laterally; plate membranously fused with valve (Fig. 2 aa); plate 1.4–1.6 times as long as wide. Aedeagal shaft arising ventrally from atrium, flattened dorsoventrally; in lateral view widely C-shaped; gonopore subapical, dorsal (Figs 3 c, 4 c). Style distal part far from base; apophysis acute, 3–4 teeth; preapical lobe right-angled; anterior medial arm short (Fig. 5 n). Connective in lateral view straight; in dorsal view with stem expanded apically, about one third length of arms (Fig. 6 b).</p> <p> <b>Female</b>. <b>Dimensions</b>. (n = 47) <b>Length</b>: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.1–2.5 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.6–3.0 mm; vertex medially 0.4 mm; vertex next to eye 0.3 mm; pronotum medially 0.3 mm. Width: head 0.8–0.9 mm; pronotum 0.7–0.8 mm. Ocellar diameter 13.7–24.5 µm; ocellocular distance 44.4–60.7 µm.</p> <p> <b>Genitalia.</b> Sternite 7 posteriorly with median notch flanked by rounded lobes (notch rounded as in Fig. 7 h, notch stepped as in Figs 7 g & i).</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. Holotype male. South Africa, <b>Western Cape</b>. Wemmershoek Dam, N Franschhoek, 33°51ʹS, 19°03ʹE, 201 m, 14.xii.2004, DVac (SANC). Paratypes. 135♂, 86♀, 8 nymphs. <b>Eastern Cape</b>. 1♂, Misgund, 33°45ʹS, 23°30ʹE, 20.i.1982, J.G. Theron, sweeping, <i>Elytropappus rhinocerotis</i> (Asteraceae); 2♂, Devil’s Bellows Neck, 32°25ʹS, 26°40ʹE, 1646 m, 19.iv.2006, DVac; 1♂, Joubert Pass, Lady Grey, 30°43ʹS, 27°15ʹE, 1920 m, 19.iv.2006; 3♂, 2 nymphs, Naude’s Neck, Rhodes, 30°46ʹS, 28°06ʹE, 2593 m, 27.iv.2006, DVac. <b>Free State</b>. 1♀, Platberg, E near masts, 28°15ʹS, 29°12ʹE, 2362 m, 11.i.2006. <b>KwaZulu-Natal</b>. 6♂, 14♀, 3 nymphs, Tugela River, summit of Drakensberg, 28°45ʹS, 28°53ʹE, 2980 m, 5.i.2007, sweeping; 2♂, Elands River, valley on summit of Drakensberg, 28°45ʹS, 28°48ʹE, 3040 m, 7.iv.2007, sweeping; all M. Stiller. <b>Western Cape</b>. 1♂, Slagboom, 33°14ʹS, 19°17ʹE, 29.xii.1967, sweeping; 1♂, Jonkershoek, 33°56ʹS, 18°52ʹE, 28.xi.1968, sweeping; 5♂, 1♀, Paradyskloof, Stellenbosch, 33°57ʹS, 18°51ʹE, 6.xi.1969; 5♂, Slagboom, 33°14ʹS, 19°17ʹE, 13.xii.1969; 3♂, 1♀, Table Mountain, 33°28ʹS, 18°22ʹE, 23.xii.1969; 1♂, 1♀, Chapman’s Peak, Drive Hout Bay, 34°04ʹS, 18°21ʹE, 28.ix.1970, M.C. Walters; 1♂, Rawsonville, 33°41ʹS, 19°19ʹE, 16.i.1971; 2♂, 3♀, Chapman’s Peak Drive, Houtbaai, 34°04ʹS, 18°21ʹE, 19.ii.1971; 10♂, Jonkershoek, 33°56ʹS, 18°52ʹE, 23.xi.1971; 6♂, 5♀, Ceres, 33°22ʹS, 19°18ʹE, 25.xi.1971; 1♂, Pearly Beach, 34°39ʹS, 19°30ʹE, 50 m, 15.xii.1971; 1♀, between Koelenhof and Klapmuts, 33°53ʹS, 18°48ʹE, 15.xi.1974; 5♂, 3♀, Viljoen’s Pass, 34°05ʹS, 19°04ʹE, 5.xii.1974; 1♂, 3♀, Kraaifontein, 33°51ʹS, 18°44ʹE, 3.xii.1975; 1♂, Rondebosch Common, 33°57ʹS, 18°29ʹE, 15.xi.1976; 1♂, 2♀, Clanwilliam, Cedarberg, 32°30ʹS, 19°15ʹE, 21.xii.1976; 1♂, 1♀, Clanwilliam, Cedarberg, 32°30ʹS, 19°15ʹE, 14.x.1977; 1♀, Cape Point, 34°20ʹS, 18°29ʹE, 4.iii.1978; 4♂, 4♀, Betty’s Bay, 34°22ʹS, 18°56ʹE, 30.xi.1979; 2♀, Cape Point, 34°20ʹS, 18°29ʹE, 3.v.1985; all other J.G. Theron; 1♂, Sweetwater Resort, Kommetjie, 34°10ʹS, 18°20ʹE, 20 m, 8.xii.2004; 18♂, 9♀, Silvermine Nature Reserve, Noordhoek, 34°04ʹS, 18°24ʹE, 438 m, 9.xii.2004, DVac; 1♂, 4♀, Arniston, 34°39ʹS, 20°13ʹE, 40 m, 11.xii.2004, DVac, grass in depression, <i>Ehrharta calycina</i> var. <i>calycina</i> (Poaceae) common; 9♂, 5♀, 3 nymphs, Bainskloof Pass, W Breerivier Station, 33°32ʹS, 19°10ʹE, 261 m, 13.xii.2004, DVac, <i>Eragrostis curvula</i>, <i>Cynodon dactylon</i>, <i>Pentaschistis pallida</i> (Poaceae); 17♂, 4♀, Gevonden Farm, E Rawsonville, 33°42ʹS, 19°14ʹE, 296 m, 13.xii.2004, sweeping, <i>Ehrharta ramosa</i>, <i>Pentaschistis pallida</i> regrowth after fire; 1♂, Mitchell’s Pass, S Ceres, 33°25ʹS, 19°17ʹE, 342 m, 13.xii.2004; 12♂, 10♀, same data as holotype; 12♂, 11♀, Theewaterskloof Dam, between Franschhoek and Villiersdorp, 33°57ʹS, 19°10ʹE, 341 m, 19.xii.2004, DVac; all M. Stiller (BMNH, INHS, SANC).</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. The plate of this species (Fig. 2 aa) and that of <i>P. mollidiscus</i> <b>sp. n.</b> (Fig. 2 z) are uniformly triangular and with similar dimensions. However, in <i>P. mollidiscus</i> the apex of the plate is expanded and membranous and the aedeagus of <i>P. mollidiscus</i> is C-shaped (Fig. 3 g), with a tubular shaft that is directed posteriorly. The aedeagus of <i>P. deltoplacus</i> has a much narrower and longer shaft (Figs 3 c, 4 c). These two species are sympatric in the Eastern Cape Province. <i>Pravistylus deltoplacus</i> has a much wider distribution, from the western parts of the Western Cape Province (Fig. 8 f, specimen recorded from Silvermine) to high altitude grasslands in the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal Province (Fig. 8 g, specimen from Tugela River source). Females from the Western Cape (Fig. 7 h, Clanwilliam specimen; Fig. 7 g, Betty’s Bay specimen) and KwaZulu-Natal Provinces (Fig. 7 i, Tugela River specimen) do not depict significant differences.</p> <p> <i>Pravistylus deltoplacus</i> also resembles <i>Elginus theroni</i> (Stiller 2009b) in colouration, internal and external morphology and distribution. <i>Elginus</i> and <i>Pravistylus</i> species are separated by the symmetry of the shaft, that in the former is asymmetrical, and in the latter is symmetrical. In <i>E. theroni</i> the aedeagus is variably asymmetrical, evident in the placement of the gonopore subapically and laterally on the shaft. Additional differences between <i>P. deltoplacus</i> and <i>E. theroni</i> are in a number of features tabulated below (Table 1).</p>Published as part of <i>Stiller, M., 2010, Revision of the Southern African leafhopper genus Pravistylus (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) 2468, pp. 1-81 in Zootaxa 2468 (1)</i> on pages 13-15, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2468.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10094177">http://zenodo.org/record/10094177</a>
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