127,274 research outputs found
Proekoides cedarbergensis Stiller 1986
No full textProekoides cedarbergensis Stiller, 1986 (Figs 15G–I, 16 B, G, L, Q, 32A) Type material, holotype not examined. Type locality. South Africa, Western Cape province, Bokfontein near Ceres; -32.94, 19.29; 8 Mar. 1985; J.G. Theron leg. Paratypes. 3♂, 1♀ South Africa, Western Cape province: 3♂, 1♀; Clanwilliam Cedarberg; -32.50, 19.25; 21 Dec. 1976; J.G. Theron leg.; CCDL28236; SANC Additional material examined. South Africa, Western Cape province: 1♂, 1♀; Gifberg Pass Summit Vanrhynsdorp; -31.77, 18.76; 9 Oct. 2002; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping; CCDL18324; SANC. 3♂, 3♀; Driehoek Farm Cedarberg SE Citrusdal; -32.43, 19.22; 13 Oct. 2002; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping Metalasia sp. Asteraceae; CCDL18322; SANC. 1♂; Jamaka farm; -32.34, 19.01; 12 Dec. 2012; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping Stoebe sp. Asteraceae; CCDL 26710; SANC. 1♂; Jamaka farm; -32.34, 19.04; 11 Dec. 2016; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping Raphnia amplexicaulis Fabaceae; CCDL 26712; SANC. 1♂; Jamaka farm; -32.34, 19.01; 12 Dec. 2016; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping Aspalathus spinescens Fabaceae; CCDL 26711; SANC. 3♂, 2♀; Jamaka farm; -32.34, 19.01; 12 Dec. 2016; M. Stiller leg.; sweeping Paranomus bracteolaris Proteaceae; CCDL26709; SANC. 1♂, 1♀; Cedarberg wilderness; -32.40, 19.04; 14 Dec. 2016; M. Stiller, leg.; sweeping Eriocephalus sp., Asteraceae; CCDL 26713; SANC. Diagnosis. Aedeagal shaft with anterior margin with small, paired subapical teeth, posterior margin with small, paired subapical teeth, shaft apex expanded anteriad; preatrium about as long as shaft. Etymology. Named for the mountain range incorporating the type locality. Gender feminine. Description Male and female. Color. Tegmina. Ground colour tegmina greyish-white; all veins and some areas fuscous or with fuscous areas and yellowish veins. Teneral specimens lighter in colour (Fig. 15G–I). Claval area always with light to dark brown marks. Morphology Tegmina. Male, length/width=2.16–2.17; female, length/width=2.10–2.20. Hind wing. Male, length/width=2.96–3.30; female length/width=3.02–3.08. Tegmina-hind wing relation. Male, length tegmina/length hind wing=1.14–1.17; width tegmina/width hind wing=1.56–1.77; female, length tegmina/length hind wing=1.08–1.20; width tegmina/width hind wing=1.56–1.66. Measurements. Male (n=11). Apex of crown to apex of tegmina 3.03–3.17 mm (Stiller 1986, 3.00– 3.20 mm); apex of crown to apex of abdomen 3.14–3.40 mm (Stiller 1986, 3.00– 3.48 mm); crown length 0.67–0.74 mm; crown length next to eyes 0.42–0.44 mm; pronotum length 0.38–0.41 mm; head width 1.13–1.17 mm; pronotum width 1.02–1.07 mm (Stiller 1986, 0.89–1.12 mm); ocellus diameter 28 µm; interocular distance 58–72 µm; crown angle 76–81°; crown length/crown length next to eye=1.55–1.72; head width/pronotum width=1.09–1.12; ocellus diameter/interocular distance=0.39–0.48; crown length/pronotum length=1.67–1.92; pronotum length/pronotum width=0.36–0.39. (Stiller 1986, interocular distance=width across disc of head, between medial margins of eyes 0.42–0.48 mm). Female (n=7). Apex of crown to apex of tegmina 3.11–3.23 mm (Stiller 1986, 3.12–3.40 mm); apex of crown to apex of abdomen 3.75–3.89 mm (Stiller 1986, 3.72–4.00 mm); crown length 0.72–0.74 mm; crown length next to eyes 0.44–0.47 mm; pronotum length 0.39–0.43 mm; head width 1.16–1.24 mm; pronotum width 1.05–1.13 mm (Stiller 1986, 1.04–1.10 mm); ocellus diameter 28 µm; interocular distance 60–72 µm; crown angle 76–81°; crown length/crown length next to eye=1.57–1.66; head width/pronotum width=1.09–1.11; ocellus diameter/interocular distance=0.38–0.47; crown length/pronotum length=1.70–1.90; pronotum length/pronotum width=0.35–0.40. (Stiller 1986, interocular distance=width across disc of head, between medial margins of eyes 0.46–0.50 mm). Terminalia Male. Segment 10. Length/width=1.18–1.24. Pygofer lobe. Process strongly concave; 3–4, rarely 7 macrosetae, 59–119 µm in length. Subgenital plate. 1.16–1.42 times longer than wide. Style. Greatest length/greatest width=3.06–3.21; length apophysis/greatest length=0.19–0.23; length base/ length greatest=0.35–0.40; angle of apophysis to sagittal plane 49–62° (Fig. 16Q). Connective. Greatest width across arms/greatest width across stem=1.89–2.20; greatest length of arms/greatest length of stem=0.81–1.22; angle of arms 80–87°; greatest length/greatest width=0.67–0.72 (Fig. 16L). Aedeagus. Shaft of aedeagus relatively straight in lateral view with long slit-like apical gonopore, apex with flange-like lateral and terminal extensions; anterior margin with subapical teeth and pair of basal processes, posterior margin with pair of small, subapical teeth, development of all teeth shows some variation between individuals (Fig. 16B, G). Female. Sternite 7. Posterior margin with wide notch, between posterolateral margins, curved or widely V-shaped; greatest length/greatest width=0.47–0.51; greatest median length/greatest lateral length=0.70–0.76, angle of notch 134–145°. Valvula 1. Parallel-sided, apex acute, sculpture as in P. postspina sp. n. Valvula 2. Serrate in distal half, slightly wider than base. Valvula 3. Margin and submargin with up to 14 longer setae near apex (27–35 µm), up to nine shorter setae (up to 25 µm). Valvifer 1. Length/width=1.32–1.68 (n=4). Valvifer 2. Length/width=2.40–2.64 (n=4); 6–8 pore-like structures. Remarks. The combination of features of acute crown, marking of the dorsum of the head, size and specifically the aedeagus distinguish this species. The anterior margin of the aedeagal shaft with paired, subapical teeth, apex of shaft expanded anteriad, posterior margin with short subapical paired teeth. Mapped in Fig. 32A by red circles.Published as part of Stiller, Michael & Webb, Michael D., 2022, Leafhoppers of the Fynbos Biome of South Africa: Colistra, Proekes, Proekoides and a new genus (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae, Bonaspeiini), pp. 1-79 in Zootaxa 5199 (1) on pages 38-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5199.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/725176
Pravistylus scolopygeus Stiller 2010, sp. n.
No full text<i>Pravistylus scolopygeus</i> sp. n. <p>(Figs 1 af; 2 l; 3 w; 4 u; 5 h; 6 v; 7 bw–by; 8 bf)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. Plate 1.7–1.9 times as long as wide; deeply notched subbasally; apices unequal in length, narrow, blunt (Fig. 2 l); plate similar to that of <i>P. longitrunculus</i> (Fig. 2 k). Pygofer lobe with sclerotized appendage on median surface (Fig. 1 af). Aedeagus, in dorsal view, with base of shaft depressed, tapering towards apex (Figs 3 w, 4 u). Style with distal part close to base; apophysis very narrow (Fig. 5 h). Female sternite 7 ligula with triangular or rectangular ligula, base rectangular (Figs 7 bw–by).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. Greek, for the thorn-like (<i>skolos</i>) spine on the pygofer (<i>pyge</i>).</p> <p> <b>Male and female</b>. Ochraceous, sometimes with minor fuscous markings on vertex, generally with fuscous markings in inner anteapical, posterior discal and brachial cells (Fig. 8 bf).</p> <p> <b>Male</b>. <b>Dimensions</b>. (n = 16) Length: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.4–2.8 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.7–3.1 mm; vertex medially 0.5 mm; vertex next to eye 0.3–0.4 mm; pronotum medially 0.3–0.4 mm. <b>Width</b>: head 0.9–1.0 mm; pronotum 0.8–0.9 mm. Ocellar diameter 28.0 µm; ocellocular distance 32.8–51.2 µm.</p> <p> <b>Genital capsule</b>. Pygofer, in lateral view, with ventral posterior margin bulbous, membranous; dorsal posterior margin lobate (Fig. 1 af). Pygofer lobe subapical, short, with medial spine-like process, curved ventrally (Fig 1 af); width of lobe about ¾ as wide as width of pygofer (Fig. 1 af). Plate roughly triangular; subbasal lateral margin emarginate, tufts of setae distally and proximally of emargination; apex sclerotized, narrow, rounded or truncate; both apices usually of dissimilar length; 3–8 uniseriate subapical macrosetae (Fig. 2 l); plate 1.7–1.9 times as long as wide. Aedeagal shaft, lateral view, arising medially from atrium; preatrium short; C-shaped; dorsal view, tapering toward apex, depressed; gonopore ventral, elongate, extending from apex into about one third of shaft (Figs 3 w, 4 u). Style distal part close to anterior medial lobe; apophysis elongate, curved, narrow with large basal, ventral tooth; preapical lobe acute (Fig. 5 h). Connective, in lateral view, with distal half slightly angled dorsad; dorsal view, stem narrow, rounded (Fig. 6 v).</p> <p> <b>Female</b>. <b>Dimensions</b>. (n = 11) <b>Length</b>: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.4–2.9 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 3.0– 3.4 mm; vertex medially 0.5–0.6 mm; vertex next to eye 0.3–0.4 mm; pronotum medially 0.3–0.4 mm. <b>Width</b>: head 0.9–1.0 mm; pronotum 0.8–0.9 mm. Ocellar diameter 26.5–30.7 µm; ocellocular distance 35.7–50.8 µm.</p> <p> <b>Genitalia.</b> Sternite 7 with base rectangular, median posterior ligula about as long as median length of base; ligula variable: triangular (Fig. 7 bw), with base triangular, apex parallel (Fig. 7 bx) or ligula rectangular (Fig. 7 by), V- or U-shaped notch; ventral surface of ligula and sternite with median ridge.</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. Holotype male. South Africa, <b>Mpumalanga</b>. Suikerboschfontein Farm, 25°56ʹS, 30°19ʹE, 1700 m, 3.ii.2001, M. Stiller, sweeping, grass and forbs (SANC). Paratypes. 16♂, 12♀. <b>Limpopo</b>. 1♂, 1♀, Sekororo Kloof near Burgersfort, 24°23ʹ6ʺS, 30°27ʹ39ʺE, 1430 m, 19.iii.2005, M. Stiller, sweeping, very short grazed <i>Cynodon dactylon</i> (Poaceae) and other grass species; 2♀, Sekororo Kloof, summit, 24°22ʹ55ʺS, 30.29ʹ20ʺE, 1830 m, 19.iii.2005, M. Stiller, sweeping, steep E-facing shaded slope on summit; 5♂, 4♀, Sekororo Kloof, 24°22ʹ55ʺS, 30°29ʹ20ʺE, 1800 m, 19.iii.2005, M. Stiller, sweeping, summit ridge grazed grass and forbs; 2♂, 1♀, The Downs, near black wattle plantation, 24°10ʹ40.46ʺS, 30°12ʹ04.77ʺE, 1460 m, 25.iv.2009, M. Stiller, sweeping grass and forbs. <b>Mpumalanga</b>. 8♂, 4♀, same data as holotype (BMNH, INHS, SANC).</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. The plate of this species (Fig. 2 l) is similar to that of <i>P. longitrunculus</i> (Fig. 2 k), with the sternite 7 of both females also depicting similarities. However the elongate process on the median surface of the pygofer lobe (Fig. 1 af) is the distinctive feature of <i>P. scolopygeus</i>, and is sometimes visible in undissected specimens. The pygofer lobe in <i>P. longitrunculus</i> (Fig. 1 p) is much longer than in <i>P. scolopygeus</i> (Fig. 1 af), the style has the distal part close to the base in both species with the apophysis digitate in <i>P. longitrunculus</i> (Fig. 5 e), but narrower in <i>P.scolopygeus</i> (Fig. 5 h). The aedeagal shaft is not compressed in <i>P. longitrunculus</i> (Figs 3 ab, 4 z), and in the connective the stem wider (Fig. 6 z) than in <i>P. scolopygeus</i> (Fig. 6 v). No other species has a similarly pronounced process on the pygofer lobe, except a distinctly smaller tooth in <i>P. odontopygeus</i> (Fig. 1 y).</p>Published as part of <i>Stiller, M., 2010, Revision of the Southern African leafhopper genus Pravistylus (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) 2468, pp. 1-81 in Zootaxa 2468 (1)</i> on pages 44-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2468.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10094177">http://zenodo.org/record/10094177</a>
Pravistylus dentidiscus Stiller 2010, sp. n.
No full text<i>Pravistylus dentidiscus</i> sp. n. <p>(Figs 1 f & g; 2 ai & aj; 3 x; 4 v; 5 o & p; 6 w; 7 j–l; 8 h–j)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. Plates very short, 0.8–0.9 times as long as wide; medial margins, at their apices, forming a Ushaped notch; short triangular or digitate tooth (Figs 2 ai & aj, 8 i). Style distal part far from base; dorsal apophysis short, about as long as width across preapical lobe (Figs 5 o & p). Female sternite 7 posterior margin notch wide, deep, about half as wide as sternite, with acute points on either side (Figs 7 j–l).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. Latin, compound word with tooth (<i>dentis</i>) and plate (<i>discus</i>), for the apical tooth on the subgenital plate.</p> <p> <b>Male and female</b>. Ochraceous. Vertex commonly with 2–3 paired dark brown markings: usually narrow, longitudinal bars near apex; rectangular to irregular markings slightly more posteriad, near ocelli; third pair sometimes absent, near compound eye, at margin next to pronotum. Tegmina with brown marking in inner anteapical cell (Figs 8 h & j). Sometimes with all cells in tegmina embrowned. Hind wing very small.</p> <p> <b>Male</b>. <b>Dimensions</b>. (n = 49) <b>Length</b>: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.5–2.7 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.3–2.7 mm; vertex medially 0.4–0.5 mm; vertex next to eye 0.3 mm; pronotum medially 0.3 mm. <b>Width</b>: head 0.8–0.9 mm; pronotum 0.7–0.8 mm. Ocellar diameter 28.0 µm; ocellocular distance 25.5–37.3 µm.</p> <p> <b>Genital capsule</b>. Pygofer, in lateral view, short, greatest length 0.8–0.9 times as long as greatest width; ventral posterior margin slightly bulbous; dorsal posterior margin broadly rounded, lobate subapically (Figs 1 f & g). Pygofer lobe small, triangular, subapical. Plate short, 0.8–0.9 times as long as wide; broadly triangular, distal medial margins curved gradually or more abruptly laterally, forming U-shaped notch; posterior rounded apex produced into median, digitate or acute sclerotized tooth, sometimes curved or angled dorsally; about 4 macrosetae near apex of plate (Figs 2 ai & aj, 8 i, male, abdomen apex, ventrally); plate 0.8–1.0 times as long as wide. Aedeagus, in lateral view, with shaft arising ventrally from atrium; preatrium reduced; base of shaft basally C-shaped, apical third straight; gonopore lateral, elongate, at apical third of shaft (Figs 3 x, 4 v). Style, distal part far from anterior medial lobe; preapical lobe short (Fig. 5 p, Elim specimen); sometimes apophysis reduced (Fig. 5 o, Giant’s Castle specimen). Connective, dorsal view, as in Fig. 6 w; lateral view, straight.</p> <p> <b>Female</b>. <b>Dimensions</b>. (n = 43) <b>Length</b>: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.6–2.7 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.8–3.0 mm; vertex medially 0.4–0.5 mm; vertex next to eye 0.3–0.6 mm; pronotum medially 0.3 mm. <b>Width</b>: head 0.9 mm; pronotum 0.8 mm. Ocellar diameter 26.5–29.5 µm; ocellocular distance 28.5–43.2 µm.</p> <p> <b>Genitalia.</b> Sternite 7 hind margin with large, deep, rounded notch, flanked by long, sharp points; notch about half as wide as width of sternite (Fig. 7 j, specimen from Giant’s Castle, Fig. 7 k, Meander Hut; Fig. 7 l, Pumula Farm).</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. Holotype male. South Africa, <b>KwaZulu-Natal</b>. Pumula Farm near Champagne Castle Hotel, 29°02ʹS, 29°26ʹE, 16.x.2000, M. Stiller, sweeping, unburned, moribund grass (SANC). Paratypes. 102♂, 96♀, 8 nymphs. <b>Eastern Cape</b>. 1♂, Qachasnek, site no. 31, 30°10ʹS, 28°35ʹE, 1717 m, 29.xi.2005, MDTP survey, sweeping, MDTP 71052. <b>KwaZulu-Natal</b>. 1♂, 1♀, Contour path, Monk’s Cowl Nature Reserve, 29°05ʹS, 29°22ʹE, 1800 m, 25.ii.1995; 3♂, 3♀, Mike’s Pass, 28°58ʹS, 29°14ʹE, 1900 m, 8.xi.1999, sweeping, grass regrowth after burn; 2♂, 3♀, Champagne Castle Hotel vicinity, 29°04ʹS, 29°25ʹE, 16.x.2000, sweeping, unburned, moribund grass; 10♂, 12♀, same data as holotype; all M. Stiller; 6♂, Mike’s Pass, 28°58ʹS, 29°14ʹE, 1900 m, 16.iv.2002, DVac, moribund grass and forbs, 10h00; 7♂, 9♀, 6 nymphs, Mike’s Pass, Cathedral Peak Nature Reserve, 28°58ʹS, 29°14ʹE, 1900–2100 m, 16.iv.2002, DVac, unburned grass outside firebreak DVac, grass in moist, shaded NW slope; 4♂, 5♀, 2 nymphs, Meander Hut, next to road near wetland, 29°16ʹS, 29°32ʹE, 2100 m, 18.iv.2002, DVac, older grassland beyond firebreak; 6♂, 4♀, Meander Hut road, wetland, 29°15ʹS, 29°32ʹE, 2016 m, 18.iv.2002, DVac, longer grass, more diverse than in grassland beyond firebreak; 6♂, 12♀, Giant’s Castle, Nature Reserve 2 km outside entrance gate, 29°15ʹS, 29°31ʹE, 1850 m, 19.iv.2002, DVac, above road; 9♂, 13♀, Highmoor Forestry Station, 29°20ʹS, 29°36ʹE, 2233 m, 19.iv.2002, DVac, common grasses: <i>Koeleria capensis, Microchloa caffra, Tristachya leucothrix,</i> (Poaceae) and <i>Aristea</i> sp. (Iridaceae); 8♂, 7♀, Highmoor Forestry Station, 29°19ʹS, 29°37ʹE, 2200 m, 19.iv.2002, DVac, in grassland with 2 year burn cycle & in grassland on road beyond camp site; all M. Stiller, E. Breytenbach; 1♀, Champagne Castle Hotel vicinity, 29°04ʹS, 29°25ʹE, 16.xi.2002; 1♂, Sterkspruit River valley, Monk’s Cowl Nature Reserve, 29°02ʹS, 29°24ʹE, 1400 m, 3.i.2004, sweeping, regrowth after fire in winter or spring 2003; 2♂, 2♀, Arthur’s Seat mountain, 28°54ʹS, 29°26ʹE, 1583 m, 27.xii.2004, sweeping; all M. Stiller; 1♀, Giant’s Castle, acc. Leaf31, 29°13ʹS, 29°31ʹE, 15.iii.2002, W. Bullock, sweeping; 1♂, 1♀, Giant’s Castle, acc. Sp2leaf19, 29°13ʹS, 29°31ʹE, 4.ix.2002, W. Bullock, sweeping; 1♀, Giant’s Castle, acc. sp3leaf5, 29°12ʹS, 29°31ʹE, 13.xi.2002, W. Bullock, sweeping; 6♂, 3♀, road between Kwa Dlamini and White Mountain Resort, 29°08ʹS, 29°36ʹE, 1532 m, 26.xii.2004, M. Stiller, sweeping; 3♂, 3♀, Cathedral Peak, site no. 21, 28°58ʹS, 29°14ʹE, 1900 m, 17.xi.2005, MDTP survey, sweeping, MDTP 93095; 1♂, 2♀, Cathedral Peak, site no. 26, 28°01ʹS, 29°15ʹE, 1907 m, 19.xi.2005, MDTP survey, sweeping, MDTP 7233; 1♂, Cathedral Peak, site no.25, 28°58ʹS, 29°15ʹE, 1910 m, 19.xi.2005, MDTP survey, sweeping, MDTP 71565; 1♂, 1♀, between Breakfast Stream and base of Sterkhorn, Monk’s Cowl Nature Reserve, 29°31ʹS, 29°32ʹE, 2008 m, 9.i.2007, sweeping, <i>Festuca</i> and other species; 9♂, 5♀, Breakfast Stream, 29°03ʹS, 29°23ʹE, 1965 m, 9.i.2007, sweeping; 1♀, base of Gatberg, Monk’s Cowl Nature Reserve, 29°02ʹS, 29°20ʹE, 2300 m, 9.i.2007, sweeping; <i>Festuca</i> sp., 2♂, 2♀, Hlathikulu Neck, on contour path, Monk’s Cowl Nature Reserve, 29°04ʹS, 29°21ʹE, 1920 m, 9.i.2007, sweeping; <i>Festuca</i> sp., 11♂, 4♀, Hlathikulu Neck, Monk’s Cowl Nature Reserve, 29°02ʹS, 29°21ʹE, 2038 m, 9.i.2007, sweeping; all M. Stiller. <b>Western Cape</b>. 2♂, road between Elim and Bredasdorp, 34°32ʹS, 19°47ʹE, 100 m, 1.iv.2001, M. Stiller, sweeping, <i>Ischyrolepis</i> sp. and <i>Chondropetalum microcarpum</i> (Restionaceae) in wetland grazed and trampled by cattle (BMNH, INHS, SANC).</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. Most specimens are remarkably uniform (Fig. 2 ai, specimen from KwaZulu Natal Province; Fig. 2 aj, specimen from Western Cape Province), except for the orientation of the posterior process of the plate, that may be orientated posteriorly or dorsally at 45º. The pygofer lobe is somewhat variable, large as in Fig. 1 f (KwaZulu-Natal Province) or reduced as in Fig. 1 g (Western Cape Province). The wide notch of the female sternite 7 is unique in this species, showing little variation and without any specimens depicting damage (Fig. 7 j, Giant’s Castle, Fig. 7 k, Meander Hut, Fig. 7 l, Pumula Farm). Parasitized specimens have a Y-shaped connective, without any other significant deformities (out of 23 dissected males, two specimens showed signs of parasitism). The specimen illustrated here with the reduced dorsal apodeme of the style (Fig. 5 o) is not parasitized, or at least has the normal connective.</p>Published as part of <i>Stiller, M., 2010, Revision of the Southern African leafhopper genus Pravistylus (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) 2468, pp. 1-81 in Zootaxa 2468 (1)</i> on pages 15-16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2468.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10094177">http://zenodo.org/record/10094177</a>
Geelus nektanddraad Stiller 2020, sp.n.
No full text<i>Geelus nektanddraad</i> sp.n. <p>(Figs 7 D–H, 9A–K)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. Aedeagal shaft curvate with two pairs of median teeth, dorsal apodeme reduced, preatrium angled 270° to shaft. Pygofer process smooth, sublinear, orientation posteroventrad. Female sternite 7 with widely notched median ligula, recessed or flush with lateral margin.</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. Afrikaans compound word, nouns in apposition, <i>nek</i> = neck, mid-section, and <i>tand</i> = tooth, for the two pairs of distinct teeth medially on the shaft of the aedeagus. Gender masculine.</p> <p> <b>Male</b>. <b>Measurements</b>. n=24. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 4.75–5.05 mm. Crown median length 0.39–0.42 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.32–0.35 mm. Pronotum length 0.48–0.52 mm. Head width across eyes 1.36–1.45 mm. Pronotum width 1.29–1.38 mm. Ocellus diameter 39.3–51.1 μm; interocular distance 66.8– 81.8 µm. Apical angle of crown 120°±1.8°.</p> <p> <b>Pygofer lobe</b>. Process orientation posteroventrad, sublinear, edentate, origin mediodorsally near base of pygofer lobe; pygofer lobe slightly narrower than pygofer, broadly triangular, apex triangular; anterior apodeme short, laterodorsal. Apex of pygofer lobe extend beyond apex of subgenital plate (Fig. 9F).</p> <p> <b>Anal tube</b>. Tubular (Fig. 9G).</p> <p> <b>Subgenital plate</b>. Number of macrosetae, 3–4; medioposterior angle, round; length: width 0.8–0.9; position of macrosetae, distal half (Fig. 9E).</p> <p> <b>Valve</b>. Shape crescentic (Fig. 9E).</p> <p> <b>Style</b>. Apophysis with subapical, lateroventral tooth; apical tooth ventral; apophysis width at base about two thirds of width across preapical lobe; ratio length to width of apophysis 3.4–4.8 (Fig. 9C).</p> <p> <b>Connective</b>. Stem length relative to arm length, half as long as arms; stem width relative to width across arms, half as wide as greatest width across arms (Fig. 9D).</p> <p> <b>Aedeagus</b>. Shaft thick; apex of shaft blunt, partially membranous and sclerotized; denticulation of shaft medially, with dorsal and ventral paired teeth; shaft curvate; dorsal apodeme, viewed laterally; reduced; preatrium rotated 270° (Figs 9A, 9B).</p> <p> <b>Female</b>. <b>Measurements</b>. n=33. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 4.84–5.18 mm. Crown median length 0.40–0.44 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.32–0.35 mm. Pronotum length 0.49–0.53 mm. Head width across eyes 1.42–1.49 mm. Pronotum width 1.33–1.42 mm. Ocellus diameter 39.1–49.1 μm; interocular distance 66.5–82.9 µm. Apical angle of crown 120.1°±2.0°.</p> <p> <b>Sternite 7</b>. Posterior margin with wide, shallow notch, spanning posterior margin; ligula present with short, wide, rounded notch; ligula recessed (all from Biesiesfontein, Figs 9H, on <i>Zygophyllum,</i> Fig. 9I, on <i>Sarcocaulon,</i> Fig. 9J, on <i>Pteronia</i>).</p> <p> <b>Valvifer 1</b>. Symmetrical or ventral margin produced narrowly (Fig. 9K).</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. <b>Holotype</b> male. South Africa, <b>Northern Cape Province</b>, CCDL 18878, Biesiesfontein Farm S Springbok, -29.75, 17.9333, 29.ix.–3.x.2002, M. Stiller, sweeping <i>Galenia africana,</i> Aizoaceae (SANC).</p> <p> <b>Paratypes</b>. 27♂, 32♀, 9 nymphs. <b>Northern Cape Province</b>, records below all this locality: Biesiesfontein Farm S Springbok, -29.75, 17.9333, 29.ix.–3.x.2002, M. Stiller, sweeping. 3♂, 1♀, 3 nymphs, CCDL 18877, <i>Atriplex nummularia</i> subsp. <i>nummularia</i> <i>,</i> Aizoaceae; 1♂, 2 nymphs, CCDL 18876, <i>Calobota sericea,</i> Fabaceae; 3♂, 8♀, CCDL 18874, <i>Pteronia divariculata,</i> Asteraceae; 11♂, 11♀, 3 nymphs, <i>ibid.</i> holotype; 4♂, 5♀, CCDL 18875, <i>Sarcocaulon l’heriteri,</i> Geraniaceae; 1♂, CCDL 26934, light trap; 1♂, CCDL 26935, <i>Diospyros ramulosa,</i> Ebenaceae; 1♂, 3♀, CCDL 26933, <i>Searsia undulata,</i> Anacardiaceae; 1♀, CCDL 26936, at night near light trap, <i>Zygophyllum retofractrum,</i> Zygophyllaceae; <b>Western Cape Province</b>, 2♂, 3♀, 1 nymph, CCDL 18853, Wiedouw Farm base of Gifberg Pass, -31.7334, 18.7666, 3–10.x.2002, M. Stiller, sweeping, <i>Salvia lanceolata,</i> Lamiaceae (BMNH, INHS, SANC).</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. Unique in this species in the male are the thick shaft, two medial pairs of teeth and in the female the cup-shape ligula recessed medially into the sternite 7. Other species have the ligula rectangular (<i>G. drietanddraad</i>, Fig. 14I), square with small notch (<i>G. slangdraad</i>, Fig. 17I), rounded in <i>G. platdraad</i> (Figs 12L, 12O), and resemblance in <i>G. stompdraad</i> (Fig. 11I). Color and shape of crown (Figs 7 D–F) and nymph (Figs 7G, H) resemble the other species closely, e.g. Figs 1, 2 and 5.</p>Published as part of <i>Stiller, Michael, 2020, A new leafhopper genus Geelus and 12 new species (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae) from Southern Africa, pp. 301-344 in Zootaxa 4786 (3)</i> on pages 320-322, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4786.3.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3876635">http://zenodo.org/record/3876635</a>
Pravistylus tanyoplacus Stiller 2010, sp. n.
No full text<i>Pravistylus tanyoplacus</i> sp. n. <p>(Figs 1 ah; 2 d; 3 r; 4 p; 5 am; 6 q; 7 ca; 8 bh–bk)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. Distal half of plate elongate, subparallel, about half as wide as width across base; apex slightly expanded laterad; macrosetae medially on subparallel section (Fig. 2 d). Plate 2.2–2.4 times as long as wide; almost extending as far as apex of pygofer lobe; plate with subbasal emargination, tufts of setae proximally and distally of emargination (Fig. 2 d). Aedeagal shaft not extending much beyond dorsal apodeme, arising medially from atrium (Figs 3 r, 4 p). Style with distal part separated from base (Fig. 5 am).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. Greek, compound word for the plate (<i>plakos</i>) and stretched out (<i>tanyo</i>), for the elongate apical half of the plate.</p> <p> <b>Male and female</b>. Ochraceous (Figs 8 bh–bk), brown markings sometimes dorsally on vertex and posterior discal cell.</p> <p> <b>Male</b>. <b>Dimensions</b>. (n = 19) <b>Length</b>: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.6–2.7 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.7–3.0 mm; vertex medially 0.5 mm; vertex next to eye 0.3 mm; pronotum medially 0.3 mm. <b>Width</b>: head 0.9 mm; pronotum 0.8 mm. Ocellar diameter 28.0 µm; ocellocular distance 36.9–47.8 µm.</p> <p> <b>Genital capsule</b>. Pygofer, in lateral view, with posterior dorsal margin lobate, ventral posterior margin not expanded (Fig. 1 ah). Pygofer lobe subapical, acutely triangular; base about one third as wide as width of pygofer (Fig. 1 ah). Plate apical half elongate, subparallel, about half as wide as width across base; apex truncate and slightly expanded or pointed laterally and medially; 3 subapical macrosetae; plate subbasally emarginate, flanked proximally and distally by cluster of short setae (Fig. 2 d); plate 2.2–2.4 times as long as wide. Aedeagus, in lateral view, with shaft arising medially from atrium, shaft narrow, tubular; shaft short, about as long as distance between dorsal apodeme and preatrium; gonopore ventral, oblique (Figs 3 r, 4 p). Style distal part separate from anterior medial lobe; apophysis acute; preapical angle acute, preapical lobe narrowly rounded (Fig. 5 am). Connective, in dorsal view, with arms at base widely separated (Fig. 6 q); in lateral view with stem angled dorsally.</p> <p> <b>Female</b>. <b>Dimensions</b>. (n = 26) <b>Length</b>: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.6–2.9 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 3.2–3.5 mm; vertex medially 0.5–0.6 mm; vertex next to eye 0.3–0.4 mm; pronotum medially 0.3–0.4 mm. <b>Width</b>: head 0.9–1.0 mm; pronotum 0.8–0.9 mm. Ocellar diameter 28.0 µ m; ocellocular distance 38.4–54.5 µm.</p> <p> <b>Genitalia.</b> Sternite 7 base rectangular; posterior marginal ligula uniformly triangular, apical half parallelsided; apex truncate, or concave, with lateral margins expanded triangularly (Fig. 7 ca).</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. Holotype male. South Africa, <b>Mpumalanga</b>. Elandskrans Resort, Waterval Boven, 25°39ʹS, 30°21ʹE, 1450 m, 19.ii.2005, M. Stiller, sweeping grass, along path, altitude 1400–1500 m (SANC). Paratypes. 28♂, 48♀, 4 nymphs. <b>Mpumalanga</b>. 5♂, 17♀, Dullstroom vicinity, 25°24ʹS, 30°04ʹE, 17.xii.2000, M. Stiller, sweeping short grass and forbs; 1♂, 4♀, Steenkampsberg Pass Summit, 25°16ʹS, 30°09ʹE, 17.xii.2000, M. Stiller, sweeping grass; 8♂, 17♀, 3 nymphs, Steenkampsberg Pass near summit, 25°14ʹS, 30°09ʹE, 2100 m, 9.iii.2002, M. Stiller, J. du Plessis, DVac, common grass species: <i>Andropogon schirensis</i>, <i>Eragrostis racemosa</i>, <i>Microchloa caffra</i>, <i>Monocymbium ceresiiforme</i>, <i>Sporobolus</i> sp., <i>Themeda triandra</i> (Poaceae); 14♂, 10♀, 1nymph, same data as holotype (BMNH, INHS, SANC).</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. The peculiar shape of the plate (Fig. 2 d) makes it easy to identify the males of this species. Females are however more difficult to distinguish. Variants in the shape of the sternite 7 of <i>P. lobus</i> (Figs 7 ag–ak) and <i>P. mecistoplacus</i> (Figs 7 ar–at) sometimes are similar in the shape to the sternite 7 of <i>P. tanyoplacus</i> <b>sp. n.</b> (Fig. 7 ca). In <i>P. mecistoplacus</i> the apex of the ligula is short and the triangular base extends close to the apex of the ligula. In <i>P. lobus</i> the ligula is similar, but narrower, and the triangular base is less uniform. Neither of these latter two species have a similar known distribution to that of <i>P. tanyoplacus</i>.</p>Published as part of <i>Stiller, M., 2010, Revision of the Southern African leafhopper genus Pravistylus (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) 2468, pp. 1-81 in Zootaxa 2468 (1)</i> on pages 46-47, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2468.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10094177">http://zenodo.org/record/10094177</a>
Discolopeus thigmacaenus Stiller 2019, sp.n.
No full text<i>Discolopeus thigmacaenus</i> sp.n. <p>Fig. 11 a–h, 12a–d, 19c.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. Crown short; two pairs of small wedge-shaped dark brown markings apically and subapically. Subgenital plate obovate; ratio of length to width 1.22–1.37. Aedeagal shaft apex with one pair of acute teeth, adpressed to shaft, directed ventrad; shaft uniformly curved posterodorsally, tubular, sclerotized; dorsal apodeme in dorsal view elongate, T-shaped, slightly shorter than shaft; aedeagal process right-angled at base, smooth, longer than aedeagal shaft. Style apophysis elongate, digitate. Connective with transverse bar straight, arms long. Pygofer lobe with large, ventroapical, sclerotized acuminate process. Tergite X rectangular; ventroapically with paired, bipinnate tooth.</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. Named for the adpressed teeth or teeth touching, in contact with the shaft, verb and noun in apposition in Greek, <i>thigma</i>, touch, and <i>akaina,</i> tooth.</p> <p> <b>Male</b>, <b>female and nymph</b>. <b>Color</b>. Crown short, with two pairs of small wedge-shaped dark brown marking apically and subapically respectively, transverse faint orange line medially (Figs 12 a–d). Pronotum with two pairs of brown to dark brown spots near compound eye (Figs 12 a–d). Tegmina with many dark brown reticulate colour patterns and some recurved vein-like markings in costal cells (Figs 12 a–d). Nymph stramineous, with two basal abdominal segments brown (Fig. 12e).</p> <p> <b>Male</b>. <b>Measurements</b>. Overall length 4.40–4.65 mm; crown length 0.37–0.41 mm; crown length next to eye 0.36–0.39 mm; pronotum length 0.52–0.55 mm; head width 1.4 4– 1.50 mm; pronotum width 1.27–1.39 mm; ocellus diameter 35.2–44.6 µm; interocellar distance 57.2–71.6 µm.</p> <p> <b>Male</b>. <b>Genitalia</b>. Tergite X elongate, rectangular in dorsal view (Fig. 11a), expanded ventrad in lateral view, distal ventral margin with elongated, acutely triangular, paired tooth-like process, tooth medial subbasal margin with small medial tooth (Fig. 11b). Pygofer with wide anterior apodeme; pygofer lobe with elongate ventroapical sclerotized process; about 14 macrosetae dorsomedially (Figs 11a, 11b). Subgenital plate length to width ratio 1.22–1.37 (n=5); laterobasal margin concave; apex broadly rounded; macrosetae in 2–3 irregular rows near apex (Fig. 11c). Valve transversely triangular, without anterior apodeme (Fig. 11c). Aedeagus with shaft elongate, sclerotized, straight in dorsal view, slightly curved in lateral view, apex with paired, acutely triangular tooth, directed ventrad, adpressed to shaft; gonopore apical (Figs 11d, 11e). Aedeagal paraphysis gracile, tubular, rightangled at base, apex acute, extending beyond apex of shaft (Fig. 11d). Style apophysis curvate, acuminate, elongated, curved dorsolaterally; preapical angle right-angled (Fig. 11f); positioned medially in subgenital plate (Fig. 11c). Connective with arms and stem of similar length (Fig. 11g).</p> <p> <b>Female</b>. <b>Measurements</b>. Overall length 4.67–4.98 mm; crown length 0.40–0.42 mm; crown length next to eye 0.37–0.40 mm; pronotum length 0.53–0.57 mm; head width 1.5 1–1.58 mm; pronotum width 1.17–1.23 mm; ocellus diameter 41.5–55.0 µm; interocellar distance 64.0–81.4 µm.</p> <p> <b>Female</b>. <b>Genitalia</b>. Sternite VII posterior margin with wide, shallow, sinuous notch, medially with narrow, shallow V-shaped subnotch (Fig. 11h). Valvifer 1 elongate, at least three times longer than wide (as in Figs 7k, 7l), posterior margin narrowly rounded, anterior margin narrow, membranously fused to other valvifer 1. Valvula 3 with 2–3 rows of macrosetae.</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. Holotype male. <b>Western Cape Province</b>. CCDL18235, Wiedouw farm base of Gifberg Pass, -31.73343, 18.76661, 2002/10/03, M. Stiller, sweeping <i>Zygophyllum morgsana</i> Zygophyllaceae. Paratypes. 6♂, 14♀, 6 nymphs. <b>Northern Cape Province</b>. 2♂, CCDL26246, Nieuwoudtville, -31.3667, 19.1333, 1978/02/01, Theron, J.G., sweeping; 5♀, CCDL26247, Nieuwoudtville 20km north, -31.2333, 19.35, 2002/10/07, M. Stiller, sweeping, <i>Zygophyllum foetidum</i> Zygophyllaceae; 4♂, 9♀, 6 nymphs, <i>Ibid.</i> holotype.</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. <i>Discolopeus thigmacaenus</i> has distinct features such as the adpressed apical teeth on the aedeagal shaft, right-angled aedeagal paraphysis, T-shaped dorsal apodeme, large acuminate, ventral pygofer lobe and bidentate spine on the ventral apex of abdominal tergite X. The subgenital plate has the basal lateral margin concave, in contrast to the straight margin of all other known species of <i>Discolopeus</i>. Colour patterns and shape of the crown resemble those of <i>D. arctus</i>, <i>D. copeus</i> and <i>D. viraktamathi</i>. Genitalia between these three species differ distinctly. The pygofer lobe in <i>D. arctus</i> has two parts, a membranous ventral lobe and a sclerotized, compressed, dorsal lobe, curvate laterally and minutely toothed ventrally. The aedeagus in <i>D. arctus</i> has an enlarged, compressed shaft with paired ventral teeth. The pygofer lobe in <i>D. copeus</i> is simple, with a short ventral and short medial sclerotized blunt tooth. The aedeagus in <i>D. copeus</i> has the apex chisel-shaped. The pygofer lobe in <i>D. viraktamathi</i> is lobulate and weakly sclerotized. <i>Discolopeus copeus</i> is the only species with a depressed apophysis of the style. <i>Discolopeus arctus</i> has the style apophysis compressed, as is the case in <i>D. lissus</i>. The point distribution map of <i>D</i>. <i>thigmacaenus</i> is in Fig. 19c. A number of species of leafhoppers in the genera <i>Austroagallia, Bloemia, Bonaspeia, Chlorita, Circulifer, Coloborrhis, Equeefa, Hadroca, Johanus</i> and <i>Tzitzikamaia</i> have been collected on <i>Zygophyllum</i> and other members of Zygophyllaceae (SANC leafhopper database, M. Stiller, personal observation).</p>Published as part of <i>Stiller, Michael, 2019, A new leafhopper genus Discolopeus and nine new species (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) associated with shrubs, trees and poisonous plants in South Africa, pp. 201-244 in Zootaxa 4559 (2)</i> on pages 221-223, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4559.2.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/2626811">http://zenodo.org/record/2626811</a>
Pravistylus interdiscus Stiller 2010, sp. n.
No full text<i>Pravistylus interdiscus</i> sp. n. <p>(Figs 1 n; 2 r & s; 3 aa; 4 y; 5 r; 7 ab–af; 8 y)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. Medial margins of plates parallel or divergent, straight or convex; apex rounded or truncate, transition distinct between digitate apex and lateral and medial subapical margins; apices posteriad or curved mediad (Figs 2 r & s). Style distal part far from base (Fig. 5 r). Aedeagus, lateral view, widely U-shaped (Fig. 3 aa).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. Latin, plate (<i>discus</i>) and intermediate (<i>inter</i>), for the plate that is intermediate in shape between a number of other species.</p> <p> <b>Male and female</b>. Ochraceous. Markings on vertex dark brown or light brown; indistinct, sometimes paired, wedge shaped markings at apex; rectangular paired marking near ocellus; paired irregular marking on disc near coronal suture; 3 pairs longitudinal light brown markings on pronotum; rarely with dark brown stripes. Tegmina with fuscous markings in most or all cells. Pale form of male as in Fig. 8 y.</p> <p> <b>Male</b>. <b>Dimensions</b>. (n = 19) <b>Length</b>: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.5–2.8 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.3–2.7 mm; vertex medially 0.4–0.5 mm; vertex next to eye 0.3 mm; pronotum medially 0.3 mm. <b>Width</b>: head 0.9 mm; pronotum 0.7–0.8 mm. Ocellar diameter 26.0–29.2 µm; ocellocular distance 27.8–41.4 µm.</p> <p> <b>Genital capsule</b>. Pygofer, in lateral view, with dorsal posterior margin lobate; ventral posterior margin broadly rounded, expanded, with microtrichia (Fig. 1 n). Pygofer lobe acutely or narrowly triangular, about one quarter width of pygofer (Fig. 1 n). Plates roughly triangular, with medial margins curved, generally divergent, subapically slightly concave; apices digitate, of variable length, narrowly rounded (Fig. 2 r) or acute (Fig. 2 s); apices sometimes curving towards each other or directed posteriad; 4–7 macrosetae medially; plate 1.4–1.9 times as long as wide. Aedeagal shaft, in lateral view, arising ventrally from atrium; preatrium short, widely U- or C-shaped; gonopore lateroventral, elongate (Figs 3 aa, 4 y). Style distal part far from anterior medial lobe; apophysis curved, tapered acutely, lateroventral margin toothed (Fig. 5 r). Connective, in lateral view, straight.</p> <p> <b>Female</b>. <b>Dimensions</b>. (n = 12) <b>Length</b>: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.4–3.0 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.8–3.0 mm; vertex medially 0.4–0.5 mm; vertex next to eye 0.3–0.4 mm; pronotum medially 0.3 mm. <b>Width</b>: head 0.9–1.0 mm; pronotum 0.8–0.9 mm. Ocellar diameter 23.1–29.4 µ m; ocellocular distance 29.0–41.0 µm.</p> <p> <b>Genitalia.</b> Sternite 7 median ligula base broad, almost as wide as base of sternite; apical rounded notch (Fig. 7 ab, short ligula, specimen from Mbundini; Figs 7 ac & ae, elongate ligula, specimen from Royal Natal Park; Fig. 7 ad (notch closed), specimen from Royal Natal Park; Fig. 7 af, ligula of intermediate length, specimen from Witsieshoek).</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. Holotype male. South Africa, <b>KwaZulu-Natal</b>. Royal Natal National Park, camp site, 28°42ʹS, 28°57ʹE, 13.xi.1999, M. Stiller, sweeping, short grass in fire break, and unburned grass (SANC). Paratypes. 29♂, 16♀, 4 nymphs. <b>KwaZulu-Natal</b>. 1♂, 2♀, Tendele, 28°42ʹS, 28°55ʹE, 19.i.1981, J.G. Theron, sweeping; 9 #, 4♀, same data as holotype; 2♂, 1♀, Witsieshoek Mountain Resort, 28°40ʹS, 28°53ʹE, 2140 m, 15.iv.2002, DVac, short grass and forbs, windward, w-slope, wet grass; 1♂, 1♀, Witsieshoek Mountain Resort, 28°43ʹS, 28°53ʹE, 2420 m, 16.iv.2002, DVac, long grass on steep S-facing slope <i>Pentaschistis tysonii</i> common; 1♂, Mike’s Pass, Cathedral Peak Nature Reserve, 28°59ʹS, 29°13ʹE, 2094 m, 16.iv.2002, DVac, grass on moist, shaded NW-facing slope; 2♂, road between Dargle and Boston, 29°35ʹS, 30°01ʹE, 1730 m, 25.iv.2002, DVac; all M. Stiller, E. Breytenbach; 6♂, 4♀, junction between Mbundini and Fangs Passes, upper Mnweni Valley, 28°52ʹS, 28°58ʹE, 2000 m, 25.iv.2004, M. Stiller, sweeping, <i>Diheteropogon amplectans</i> dominant; 3♂, 2♀, Dlamini’s Kraal, Mnweni Valley, 28°48ʹS, 29°05ʹE, 1550 m, 27.iv.2004, M. Stiller, sweeping, wet grass; 1♂, Cathedral Peak, 28°58ʹS, 29°14ʹE, 1900 m, 17.xi.2005, MDTP survey, yellow pan trap; 4♂, 2♀, 3 nymphs, Cathedral Peak, 28°53ʹS, 29°15ʹE, 1807 m, 19.xi.2005, MDTP survey, sweeping, also white and blue pan traps; 1♂, Rockeries Pass, below summit, 28°53ʹS, 29°10ʹE, 16.iv.2006, M. Stiller, sweeping (BMNH, INHS, SANC, DCEE).</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. This species is difficult to distinguish as its plate shape (Figs 2 r & s) is similar to that of <i>P. oxyphysis</i> <b>sp. n.</b> (Figs 2 o & p). The plates of some specimens of <i>P. interdiscus</i> with apices directed posteriad are more similar to those of <i>P. oxyphysis</i>. In <i>P. oxyphysis</i> the medial margins of the plate are contiguous or only slightly divergent, but always straight. The apex of the plate of <i>P. oxyphysis</i> is formed by the sinuous lateral margin and the straight medial margin. In <i>P. interdiscus</i> the apex of the plate is produced by the sinuous medial margin and sometimes a straight or sinuous lateral margin. Furthermore the apices sometimes curve medially in <i>P. interdiscus</i>, whereas in <i>P. oxyphysis</i> they are always directed posteriad. Another difference between these two species is in the apophysis of the style, shape and position of the pygofer lobe and to an extent in the shape of the aedeagus. In the style of <i>P. oxyphysis</i> the denticulation is near the ventromedial margin, with the apophysis straight and acute (Figs 5 y & z). In <i>P. interdiscus</i> the denticulation is on the ventrolateral margin, with the apophysis curved (Fig. 5 r). <i>Pravistylus interdiscus</i> has been found only in a few localities in KwaZulu-Natal, whereas <i>P. oxyphysis</i> occurs more widely in other provinces and in KwaZulu-Natal Province. Additionally these two latter species may be distinguished easily by the colour pattern and wing length. <i>Pravitylus interdiscus</i> has fuscous markings, and is submacropterous (Fig. 8 y); <i>P. oxyphysis</i> does not have fuscous markings, and is brachypterous (Figs 8 au–aw). Females of <i>P. interdiscus</i> (Figs 7 ab–af) and <i>P. oxyphysis</i> (Figs 7 bm–bo) share a similar shape of the sternite 7, although the ligula of <i>P. interdiscus</i> is sometimes longer. Some female specimens of <i>P. interdiscus</i> from the Royal Natal Park have two forms of the sternite 7. It either has a narrow, triangular ligula with a notch or the ligula is broadly triangular with a minute or closed notch (Fig. 7 ad). Similar female specimens with the closed notch occur in <i>P. micropygeus</i> <b>sp. n.</b> (Fig. 7 av). However, the shape of the plate (Fig. 2 ac) of males of <i>P. micropygeus</i> (pygofer, Fig. 1 t; aedeagus lateral view, Fig. 3 y; aedeagus dorsal view, Fig. 4 w; style, Fig. 5 u) are readily distinguishable from the plate (Figs 2 r & s) of males of <i>P. interdiscus</i> (pygofer, Fig. 1 n; aedeagus lateral view, Fig. 3 aa; aedeagus dorsal view, Fig. 4 y; style, Fig. 5 r).</p>Published as part of <i>Stiller, M., 2010, Revision of the Southern African leafhopper genus Pravistylus (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) 2468, pp. 1-81 in Zootaxa 2468 (1)</i> on pages 23-24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2468.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10094177">http://zenodo.org/record/10094177</a>
Pravistylus bidentidiscus Stiller 2010, sp. n.
No full text<i>Pravistylus bidentidiscus</i> sp. n. <p>(Figs 1 a; 2 ar; 3 e; 4 e; 5 k; 6 d; 7 a & b; 8 a & b)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. Plate medial margin emarginate subapically, teeth apically and subapically on medial margin; plate about as long as wide (Fig. 2 ar). Style distal part far from base; apophysis almost as broad as wide at preapical lobe, projecting somewhat beyond posterior margin of plate (Fig. 5 k). Aedeagus, lateral view, shaft depressed, straight, apex right-angled dorsally (Figs 3 e, 4 e).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. Latin, plate (<i>discus</i>), with medial margin with paired teeth (<i>bidentatus</i>).</p> <p> <b>Male and female</b>. Ochraceous, sometimes with light brown marking on vertex. Tegmina sometimes with fuscous lining in apical cells. Hind wing triangular, about half as long as tegmina. Pygofer sometimes with paired triangular marking dorsolaterally at anterior margin (Fig. 8 a, male; 8 b, female).</p> <p> <b>Male</b>. <b>Dimensions</b>. (n = 5) <b>Length</b>: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.6–2.7 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.6–2.8 mm; vertex medially 0.4 mm; vertex next to eye 0.3 mm; pronotum medially 0.3 mm. <b>Width</b>: head 0.8–0.9 mm; pronotum 0.8–0.9 mm. Ocellar diameter 16.5–28.3 µm; ocellocular distance 39.9– 55.3 µm.</p> <p> <b>Genital capsule</b>. Pygofer dorsal and ventral margins straight, convergent (Fig. 1 a). Pygofer lobe subapical, triangular, about as long as wide, about one third as wide as pygofer (Fig. 1 a). Plates at base, with medial and lateral margins parallel, disjunct, slightly convex; distal medial margins emarginate, concave, teeth basally and apically on distal medial margin; length 0.9–1.1 times as long as wide; 5–7 submarginal, uniseriate macrosetae (Fig. 2 ar). Aedeagal shaft arising ventrally from atrium; preatrium short; lateral view, base straight, apex right-angled dorsally; dorsal view, slightly depressed (less than about twice as wide as width in lateral view); gonopore elongate, dorsal, subbasal (Figs 3 e, 4 e). Style distal part far from anterior medial lobe; apophysis almost as wide as width at preapical lobe, apex tapering abruptly to blunt point; extending slightly beyond posterior margin of plate; teeth on apophysis extending from apex to base along medial margin, with minute serration on anterior surface of each tooth (Fig. 5 k). Connective stem constricted, about a one third as long as base (Fig. 6 d); lateral view, straight.</p> <p> <b>Female</b>. <b>Dimensions</b>. (n = 10) <b>Length</b>: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.5–2.8 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.9–3.1 mm; vertex medially 0.4–0.5 mm; vertex next to eye 0.3 mm; pronotum medially 0.3 mm. <b>Width</b>: head 0.9–1.0 mm; pronotum 0.8 mm. Ocellar diameter 17.3–29.4 µm; ocellocular distance 41.4–61.2 µm.</p> <p> <b>Genitalia.</b> Sternite 7 much wider than long, generally with an irregular, undulating posterior margin (Figs 7 a & b).</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. Holotype male. South Africa, <b>Western Cape</b>. Wemmershoek Dam N Franschhoek, 33°51S, 19°03ʹE, 201 m, 14.xii.2004, M. Stiller, DVac, <i>Themeda triandra</i> dominant Poaceae, burned 2003 (SANC). Paratypes. 4♂, 11♀. <b>Western Cape</b>. 4♂, 11♀, same data as holotype (BMNH, SANC).</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. The aedeagus of <i>P. bidentidiscus</i> is similar to that of <i>P. deltoplacus</i> <b>sp. n.</b> (Fig. 3 c) and <i>P. mecophysis</i> <b>sp. n.</b> (Fig. 3 d). Both of these species are also associated with the Fynbos Biome. Two other species from the Fynbos Biome, albeit more marginal, are <i>Pravistylus brachyphysis</i> <b>sp. n.</b> and <i>P. scolophallus</i> <b>sp. n.</b>, but both have a different aedeagus (Figs 3 l & aj, respectively). The plate of <i>P. bidentidiscus</i> (Fig. 2 ar), which has two dorsal teeth, bears some superficial resemblance to the lobate plate of <i>P. scolophallus</i> <b>sp. n.</b> (Fig. 2 as). The wide apophysis of the style is also unique to this species. Other species depict similarly notched plates, as in <i>Theronus priapus</i> Stiller and <i>Lecacis platypennis</i> Theron, and at least two undescribed species, but otherwise share no further similar genitalic features.</p>Published as part of <i>Stiller, M., 2010, Revision of the Southern African leafhopper genus Pravistylus (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) 2468, pp. 1-81 in Zootaxa 2468 (1)</i> on pages 9-10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2468.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10094177">http://zenodo.org/record/10094177</a>
Geelus driehoekdraad Stiller 2020, sp.n.
No full text<i>Geelus driehoekdraad</i> sp.n. <p>(Figs 13 A–L)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. Aedeagal shaft elongate, tubular, with apex to subapex with acute, triangular, lateral tooth-like flange. Pygofer lobe short, triangular, apex medially with process orientation mediad. Subgenital plate elongate, with uniseriate macrosetae along most of lateral margin. Female sternite 7 with V-shaped notch flanked by rounded lateral margins.</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. Afrikaans nouns in apposition, <i>drie,</i> three, <i>hoek</i>, corner, angle, and <i>draad</i>, wire, for the delicate triangular process at the apex of the aedeagal shaft. Gender masculine.</p> <p> <b>Male</b>. <b>Measurements</b>. n=31. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 5.23–5.49 mm. Crown median length 0.35–0.39 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.32–0.35 mm. Pronotum length 0.53–0.56 mm. Head width across eyes 1.46–1.52 mm. Pronotum width 1.36–1.41 mm. Ocellus diameter 41.0–54.8 μm; interocular distance 74.7– 94.2 µm. Apical angle of crown 127.7°±2.6°.</p> <p> <b>Pygofer lobe</b>. Process orientation medial, rarely ventral, apices overlap; process denticulation, 2–4 teeth (Fig. 13G); process origin apical; process curvature sublinear; anterior apodeme short, dorsal. Apex of pygofer lobe extended beyond apex of subgenital plate (Fig. 13F).</p> <p> <b>Anal tube</b>. Conical (Fig. 13J), incised about half way into pygofer.</p> <p> <b>Subgenital plate</b>. Number of macrosetae 6–10; medioposterior angle variable, right-angle or acute; length: width 1.5–1.8; position of macrosetae across three quarters distally on subgenital plate (Fig. 13H).</p> <p> <b>Valve</b>. Shape obtuse triangular (Fig. 13H).</p> <p> <b>Style</b>. Apophysis with subapical tooth absent; apical tooth ventral; apophysis width about two thirds of width across preapical lobe; ratio of length to width of apophysis 5.5–6.9 (Fig. 13E).</p> <p> <b>Connective</b>. Stem length relative to arm length one fifth length of arms; stem width relative to width across arms half as wide as greatest width across arms (Fig. 13I).</p> <p> <b>Aedeagus</b>. Shaft thin, tubular; apex to subapex of shaft triangular laterally; denticulation of shaft basally, edentate; curvature of shaft, straight; dorsal apodeme, in lateral view, elongate, curvate, base right angled; preatrium reduced (Figs 13 A–D).</p> <p> <b>Female</b>. <b>Measurements</b>. n=24. Length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 5.74–5.99 mm. Crown median length 0.37–0.41 mm. Crown length next to eye 0.34–0.38 mm. Pronotum length 0.58–0.61 mm. Head width across eyes 1.61–1.66 mm. Pronotum width 1.50–1.56 mm. Ocellus diameter 47.9–61.7 μm; interocular distance 81.7–94.4 µm. Apical angle of crown 129.2°±2.2°.</p> <p> <b>Sternite 7</b>. Shape of posterior margin deep V-shaped notch, lateral margin broadly rounded (Fig. 13K).</p> <p> <b>Valvifer 1</b>. Symmetrical (Fig. 13L) or ventral margin produced narrowly, asymmetrical.</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. <b>Holotype</b> male. South Africa, <b>Western Cape Province</b>, CCDL26919, Wiedouw Farm base of Gifberg Pass, -31.7334, 18.7666, 3–10.x.2002, M. Stiller, sweeping, low growing vegetation (grass and forbs) in area where bush was cleared/burned (SANC). <b>Paratypes</b>. 34♂, 23♀, 23 nymphs. <b>Western Cape Province</b>, records below all this locality: Wiedouw Farm base of Gifberg Pass, -31.7334, 18.7666, 3–10.x.2002, M. Stiller, sweeping. 1♂, CDL26922, <i>Wiborgia mucronata,</i> Fabaceae; 5♂, 1♀, CCDL 26921, indeterminable plant near Phylica; 3♂, 5 nymphs, CCDL 26920, two unidentified plants; 24♂, 21♀, 18 nymphs, <i>ibid.</i> holotype; 1♂, 1♀, CCDL 18847, <i>Aristida zeyheri</i> subsp. <i>mucropus</i> Poaceae and mainly <i>Aristida vestita,</i> Poaceae (BMNH, INHS, SANC).</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. <i>Geelus driehoekdraad</i> and <i>G. dundraad</i> have overlapping distributions at Wiedouw, with the former only known from this locality, albeit from a long series of specimens. Fourteen dissected males had the elongate style apophysis, elongate subgenital plate (length: width 1.5–1.8), triangular apex of the aedeagal shaft and medially curved pygofer process. The style apophysis in <i>G. dundraad</i> is always shorter (length: width, 1.1–1.3), with three variants, but not resembling that of the former. The apex of the shaft of <i>G. dundraad</i> is immaculate, and in <i>G. driehoekdraad</i> it is laterally triangular. The pygofer process in <i>G. dundraad</i> is curved mediodorsally or dorsally. None of the many examined specimens (n=45) of <i>G. dundraad</i> showed signs of damage to the apex, nor of the 14 dissected males of <i>G. driehoekdraad.</i> Females of these two species from Wiedouw cannot be distinguished readily, with the small differences in shape of the valvifer 1 not considered reliable. Females of <i>G</i>. <i>driehoekdraad</i> are slightly larger, with length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina 5.74–5.99 mm and head width 1.61–1.66 mm, with similar dimensions of other parts. Females of <i>G. dundraad</i> are 3.72–4.11 mm and 1.48–1.58 mm respectively. In males of <i>G. driehoekdraad</i> only length from apex of crown to apex of tegmina (5.23–5.49 mm) supersedes that of <i>G. dundraad</i> (3.47–3.97 mm).</p>Published as part of <i>Stiller, Michael, 2020, A new leafhopper genus Geelus and 12 new species (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae Deltocephalinae) from Southern Africa, pp. 301-344 in Zootaxa 4786 (3)</i> on pages 326-328, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4786.3.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3876635">http://zenodo.org/record/3876635</a>
Pravistylus mutilidiscus Stiller 2010, sp. n.
No full text<i>Pravistylus mutilidiscus</i> sp. n. <p>(Figs 1 v & w; 2 ak–ap; 3 i–k; 4 i; 5 v & w; 6 h; 7 ax–bi; 8 al–ar)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. Variable, widely distributed species. Plate posterior margin variably truncate: (a) Medial apex longer than lateral apex (Fig. 2 ao). (b) Medial apex as long as lateral apex, sometimes concave (Fig. 2 ak). (c) Medial apex shorter than lateral apex (Figs 2 al–an & ap). Aedeagus without much intraspecific variation; lateral view, shaft arising dorsally from atrium; preatrium elongate; dorsal apodeme reduced; shaft about twice as long as atrium and preatrium; base C-shaped, apical third straight; dorsal view, base wide, tapering towards apex (Figs 3 i–k, 4 i). Style distal part far from base; dorsal apodeme length variable (Figs 5 v & w). Female sternite 7 variable: Commonly posterior margin with small, shallow notch flanked by acute points (Figs 7 ay, az, bc, bd, bg, bh); rarely narrow, triangular ligula with small V-shaped notch (Figs 7 bf & bi), that appears prone to damage (Figs 7 ax, ba, bb & be).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. Latin, compound word from cut off (<i>mutilatus</i>) and plate (<i>discus</i>), for the apex of the subgenital plate that is square, concave and sometimes with the apices of different length.</p> <p> <b>Male and female</b>. Ochraceous, sometimes two paired markings on anterior margin of vertex. Pronotum sometimes with 2–3 paired, wide, longitudinal brown stripes. Hind wing reduced, triangular, about half as long as tegmina. Tegmina veins opaque, cells translucent, sometimes brown markings in inner anteapical cells, sometimes other cells (Fig. 8 al–ar). About 4% of examined specimens (mainly males) macropterous, hind wings normal (Fig. 8 aq).</p> <p> <b>Male</b>. <b>Dimensions</b>. (n = 107) <b>Length</b>: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.3–2.7 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 2.5–2.9 mm; vertex medially 0.4–0.5 mm; vertex next to eye 0.3 mm; pronotum medially 0.3 mm. <b>Width</b>: head 0.8–0.9 mm; pronotum 0.7–0.8 mm. Ocellar diameter 26.8–29.5 µm; ocellocular distance 36.2–52.4 µm.</p> <p> <b>Genital capsule</b>. Pygofer, in lateral view, rectangular (Fig. 1 v) or square (Fig. 1 w); ventral posterior margin broadly rounded; dorsal posterior margin lobate. Pygofer lobe subapical, short, bluntly rounded, base wide, about half as wide as pygofer (Figs 1 v & w). Plate length, posterior margin shape: variable (Figs 2 ak– ap). Length varies from wider than long to much longer than wide; commonly 0.7–1.0 times as long as wide; rarely more elongate (in 6 out of 346 examined specimens left and right plates were 1.2–1.6 times as long as wide). Posterior margin generally truncate, sometimes concave; base of plate roughly triangular; median margin straight or curved, lateral margin slightly sinuous. Posterior apex of plate variable, three states recognized: medial and lateral apex of equal length (Fig. 2 ak); medial apex produced more than lateral apex (Fig. 2 ao); lateral apex produced more than medial apex (Figs 2 al–an & ap). Macrosetae uniseriate, distal setae often obscuring lateral margin of plate apex; lateral margin of plate apex usually weakly sclerotized. Medial posterior margin sometimes produced into sclerotized, dorsally directed tooth (Figs 2 am–ap). Aedeagal shaft, in lateral view, arising dorsally from atrium; preatrium elongate; dorsal apodeme reduced; base C-shaped, apical third straight; shaft, dorsal view, wide basally, tapering towards apex; gonopore oblique, lateral (Figs 3 i–k, 4 i). Style distal part far from anterior medial lobe; apophysis of variable length, parallel-sided; apex truncate, usually three ventral teeth; preapical angle and lobe acute; variant with elongate apophysis sometimes reaching beyond apical margin of plate (Figs 5 v & w). Connective in lateral view with stem apex curved dorsally; in dorsal view, stem one third as long as arms, of similar width (Fig. 6 h).</p> <p> <b>Female</b>. <b>Dimensions</b>. (n = 39) <b>Length</b>: apex of vertex to apex of tegmina 2.5–2.9 mm; apex of vertex to apex of abdomen 3.0– 3.4 mm; vertex medially 0.5 mm; vertex next to eye 0.3–0.4 mm; pronotum medially 0.3–0.4 mm. <b>Width</b>: head 0.9–1.0 mm; pronotum 0.8–0.9 mm. Ocellar diameter 26.4–29.6 µm; ocellocular distance 41.7–61.1 µm.</p> <p> <b>Genitalia.</b> Sternite 7 variable (Figs 7 ax–bi). Usually posterior margin with small, shallow notch, flanked by short points; width of notch about one fifth as wide as width of sternite (Figs 7 ay, az, bc, bd, bg & bh). Rarely posterior margin more variable; narrow triangular ligula with narrow V-shaped or rounded notch (Figs 7 bb, bf & bi); ligula of variable length, often broken off or with margin variably frayed margin (Figs 7 ax, ba & be).</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. Holotype male. South Africa, <b>Eastern Cape</b>. Hartfell Farm, north Somerset East, 32°39ʹS, 25°36ʹE, 1396 m, 23.iv.2006, DVac, two grazed habitats, with more or less <i>Themeda triandra</i>, and many other common grass species (SANC). Paratypes. 515♂, 272♀, 31 nymphs. <b>Eastern Cape</b>. 1♂, Pirrie Dam, 32°43ʹS, 27°08ʹE, 15.xi.1944, J. Omer Cooper; 1♂, Tsolo, 31°15ʹS, 28°47ʹE, 24.v.1970, H. Geertsema; 10♂, 3♀, East London, 33°01ʹS, 27°55ʹE, 15.xii.1974; 8♂, Humansdorp, 34°01ʹS, 24°45ʹE, 3.ii.1977, sweeping; 1♂, Kareedouw, 33°57ʹS, 24°17ʹE, 8.ii.1977; 1♂, Joubertina, 33°50ʹS, 23°51ʹE, 20.i.1982; 1♂, Cathcart, 32°18ʹS, 27°12ʹE, 20.i.1984, sweeping; 2♂, King William’s Town, 32°50ʹS, 27°26ʹE, 21.i.1984, sweeping; 21♂, 8♀, Stutterheim, 32°33ʹS, 27°28ʹE, 21.i.1984, sweeping; 8♂, 3♀, Bathurst, 33°50ʹS, 26°49ʹE, 22.i.1984, sweeping; 2♂, Port Alfred, 33°40ʹS, 26°47ʹE, 22.i.1984; 6♂, 1♀, Aliwal North, 30°45ʹS, 26°45ʹE, 12.i.1986; 6♂, 3♀, Lady Grey, 30°40ʹS, 27°15ʹE, 12.i.1986; all J.G. Theron; 2♂, 1♀, Rhodes, 30°48ʹS, 27°58ʹE, 23.iv.2000, sweeping, grazed grass & forbs; 2♂, 1♀, Rhodes, 30°48ʹS, 27°58ʹE, 23.iv.2000, sweeping, grass; 15♂, 8♀, Lundin’s Neck road near Barkly East junction, 30°51ʹS, 27°57ʹE, 26.iv.2000, sweeping, short grass; 1♂, Balloch Peak, base, SE slope, near Lundin’s Neck, 30°40ʹS, 27°42ʹE, 2100 m, 28.iii.2005, sweeping, broad-leaved grass, no flower; 2♂, 1♀, Wildfell Farm, 30°40ʹS, 27°48ʹE, 2180 m, 29.iii.2005, sweeping, grazed grass; 5♂, 1♀, Halseton Krans, 30°42ʹS, 27°47ʹE, 2200 m, 1.iv.2005, sweeping, short grass; all M. Stiller; 6♂, Prentjiesberg, site 47, 31°06ʹS, 28°12ʹE, 1570 m, 11.xi.2005, MDTP survey, sweeping; 2♂, 1♀, Prentjiesberg, site 48, 31°06ʹS, 28°12ʹE, 1579 m, 11.xi.2005, MDTP survey, sweeping; 1♀, Prentjiesberg, site 52, 31°08ʹS, 28°11ʹE, 1460 m, 13.xi.2005, MDTP survey, sweeping; 3♂, 1♀, Wapadsberg Pass between Graaff Reinet and Cradock, 31°55ʹS, 24°54ʹE, 1700 m, 2.i.2006, sweeping; 2♂, 1♀, Bakenkop near Tarkastad, 32°16ʹS, 26°25ʹE, 1759 m, 19.iv.2006, DVac, roadside and grazed pasture; 8♂, 9♀, 1 nymph, Devil’s Bellows Neck, 32°25ʹS, 26°40ʹE, 1750 m, 19.iv.2006, DVac, <i>Festuca</i> sp.; 5♂, 1♀, Devil’s Bellows Neck, 32°25ʹS, 26°40ʹE, 1646 m, 19.iv.2006, DVac, grazed pasture, <i>Festuca</i> sp.; 6♂, 3♀, Freredell, north, 31°20ʹS, 26°42ʹE, 1741 m, 19.iv.2006, DVac, <i>Miscanthus</i> sp.; 2♂, 1♀, 1 nymph, Joubert Pass, Lady Grey, 30°43ʹS, 27°15ʹE, 1920 m, 19.iv.2006, DVac, grazed grass along roadside; 6♂, 1♀, between Molteno and Queenstown, 31°23ʹS, 26°40ʹE, 1788 m, 19.iv.2006, DVac, grass on road side; 9♂, 2♀, Penhoek, between Aliwal North and Queenstown, 31°26ʹS, 26°41ʹE, 1854 m, 19.iv.2006, DVac, pasture; 1♂, Greenbushes Station, west Port Elizabeth, 33°56ʹS, 25°25ʹE, 208 m, 21.iv.2006, DVac, <i>Stenotaphrum</i> sp.; 6♂, 5♀, Jeffrey’s Bay, 34°05ʹS, 24°55ʹE, 21.iv.2006, DVac, irrigated pasture: <i>Cenchrus ciliaris</i> and <i>Cynodon dactylon</i> dominant; 22♂, 9♀, Uitsig Farm, Humansdorp, 34°01ʹS, 24°49ʹE, 170 m, 21.iv.2006, DVac, grazed grass in valley on hill; 2♂, Glazenwood Farm, Bathurst, 33°32ʹS, 26°50ʹE, 116 m, 22.iv.2006, DVac; 2♂, Charlton Farm, north Somerset East, 32°40ʹS, 25°40ʹE, 1271 m, 23.iv.2006, DVac, unpalatable grass in pasture; 11♂, 12♀, 7 nymphs, at Grahamstown and Alicedale road junction, 33°24ʹS, 26°22ʹE, 560 m, 23.iv.2006, DVac, road reserve and grazed pasture; 11♂, 9♀, 2 nymphs, same data as holotype; 4♂, 2♀, Hartfell Farm, north Somerset East, 32°39ʹS, 25°37ʹE, 1362 m, 23.iv.2006, DVac, <i>Eragrostis</i> sp.; 6♂, 4♀, Olifantskop Pass, between Patterson and Cookhouse, 33°18ʹS, 25°57ʹE, 713 m, 23.iv.2006, DVac, disturbed grassland; 12♂, Stone Hill, Grahamstown, 33°20ʹS, 26°33ʹE, 698 m, 23.iv.2006, DVac, grass regrowth after fire; 1♂, 6♀, Tharfield Farm, east Port Alfred, 33°32ʹS, 27°00ʹE, 42 m, 23.iv.2006, DVac, pasture, <i>Stenotaphrum</i> sp.; 9♂, 7♀, Doon Farm, Thomas River Cathcart, 32°28ʹS, 27°17ʹE, 1115 m, 24.iv.2006, DVac, wet grass on ridge with Aloes; 2♂, 3♀, Henderson Heights, NE Cathcart, 32°15ʹS, 27°11ʹE, 1270 m, 24.iv.2006, DVac, grazed pasture; 6♂, 2♀, Granta Farm, Komga, 32°37ʹS, 27°46ʹE, 784 m, 25.iv.2006, DVac, two habitats: lightly & intensively grazed pasture; 6♂, 3♀, 1 nymph, between Dordrecht and Rossouw, 31°48ʹS, 26°06ʹE, 1767 m, 26.iv.2006, DVac, road reserve; 2♂, 2♀, Dordrecht, south, 31°26ʹS, 27°02ʹE, 1723 m, 26.iv.2006, DVac, road reserve, soggy soil, not grazed; 6♂, 4♀, Groendal, Dordrecht, 31°09ʹS, 27°06ʹE, 1804 m, 26.iv.2006, DVac, road reserve; 8♂, 3♀, 1 nymph, between Barkly East and Elliot, 31°12ʹS, 27°58ʹE, 1962 m, 27.iv.2006, DVac, road reserve and grazed pasture; 8♂, 4♀, between Elliot and Rhodes, 31°06ʹS, 27°52ʹE, 1884 m, 27.iv.2006, DVac, road verge: <i>Eragrostis</i>, <i>Miscanthus</i> spp and <i>Themeda triandra</i> common; 1♂, between Maclear and Rhodes, 30°52ʹS, 28°11ʹE, 1739 m, 27.iv.2006, DVac, habitat around a pine plantation. <i>Festuca</i> sp. along margin of plantation, and grass beyond plantation; 10♂, 4♀, 1 nymph, between Naude’s Neck and Maclear, 30°45ʹS, 28°07ʹE, 2279 m, 27.iv.2006, DVac, three habitats: grazed grass, <i>Festuca</i> sp. and <i>Andropogon</i> ? <i>appendiculatus</i>; 5♂, 2♀, between Rhodes and Naudé’s Neck, 30°43ʹS, 28°06ʹE, 2390 m, 27.iv.2006, DVac, <i>Merxmuellera</i> sp. regrowth after fire, <i>Merxmuellera</i> sp.; 8♂, 8♀, Rhodes, 30°51ʹS, 27°54ʹE, 1965 m, 27.iv.2006, DVac, short grass and forbs, grazed pasture, <i>Eragrostis</i> sp. dominant; 5♂, 1♀, Mdlandkomo Administration Area, east Umtata, 31°33ʹS, 28°55ʹE, 973 m, 28.iv.2006, DVac, long grass and sedges, in little grazed pasture, wet soil; 2♂, 3♀, junction between Umtata and Tsolo, 31°22ʹS, 28°49ʹE, 1048 m, 28.iv.2006, DVac, roadside reserve and grazed pasture; 12♂, 8♀, 4 nymphs, Prentjiesberg, 31°07ʹS, 28°10ʹE, 1428 m, 29.iv.2006; 5♂, 2♀, Zwelitcha near Tsolo, 31°10ʹS, 28°34ʹE, 1335 m, 29.iv.2006, DVac, pasture; 19♂, 18♀, 2 nymphs, Dwesa Nature Reserve, coastal dune, 32°17ʹ23.54ʺS, 28°51ʹ24.50ʺE, 50 m, 30.xii.2008, sweeping grass and forbs; 1♂, 6♀, Qumbu vicinity, 31°09ʹ30.04ʺS, 28°53ʹ30.54ʺE, 1018 m, 3.i.2009, sweeping short grazed grass; all M. Stiller. <b>Free State</b>. 15♂, 1♀, Golden Gate, 28°31ʹS, 28°37ʹE, 6.i.1971, R. Kluge; 1♂, Kroonstad, 27°46ʹS, 27°12ʹE, 21.i.1975; 4♂, 2♀, Reitz, 22°25ʹS, 30°16ʹE, 22.i.1975, sweeping; 1♂, Tweeling, 27°33ʹS, 28°31ʹE, 22.i.1975; 2♂, 2♀, Vrede, 27°26ʹS, 29°10ʹE, 22.i.1975; 1♂, Vrede, 27°26ʹS, 29°10ʹE, 8.iii.1976, G.D. van Rensburg; 5♂, 1♀, Ficksburg, 28°53ʹS, 27°53ʹE, 19.xii.1978; 2♂, Fouriesburg, 28°37ʹS, 28°13ʹE, 19.xii.1978; 13♂, 5♀, Kestell, 28°46ʹS, 28°40ʹE, 19.xii.1978; 4♂, 1♀, Ficksburg, 28°53ʹS, 27°53ʹE, 30.i.1981, sweeping; 8♂, 7♀, Warden, 27°56ʹS, 29°00ʹE, 30.i.1981, sweeping; 2♀, Golden Gate, 28°31ʹS, 28°37ʹE, 20.xii.1982; 1♀, Reddersburg, 29°38ʹS, 26°07ʹE, 23.i.1983; 1♂, Thaba Nchu, 29°13ʹS, 26°50ʹE, 7.i.1986, sweeping; 19♂, 6♀, Golden Gate Park, 28°31ʹS, 28°37ʹE, 8.i.1986; all J.G. Theron; 6♀, Clarens, 28°31ʹS, 28°29ʹE, 26.i.1991, sweeping; 3♂, Koppies Dam Nature Reserve, 27°15ʹS, 27°41ʹE, 22.ii.1993, <i>Cynodon dactylon;</i> 1♂, Buckland Downs Farm, near Harrismith, 27°58ʹS, 29°07ʹE, 15.iv.1998; 6♂, 7♀, Wonderwater Strip Mine, 26°47ʹS, 27°48ʹE, 1450 m, 11.ii.1998, old game park, seasonally wet marshland; grassland at entrance garden, translocated rehabilitation; wetland near Wonderfontein spring; 8♂, 6♀, same data as above, but, 17.xii.1998, old game park, marshland grassland; 1♂, 1♀, same data as above, but, 12.v.1999, old game park, marshland grassland; 2♂, same data as above, but, 23.xi.1999, grassland at entrance garden, translocated rehabilitation; 2♂, same data as above, but, 10.iv.2000 grassland at entrance garden, translocated rehabilitation; 2♂, Cornelia vicinity, 27°13ʹS, 28°47ʹE, 22.x.2000, sweeping, moribund grass near river; all M. Stiller; 1♀, Zastron, 1 km N, 30°15ʹS, 27°04ʹE, 1550 m, 5.iii.2002, DVac, dry embankment on road verge, with <i>Themeda triandra</i> dominant; 6♀, Harrismith, 20 km NNE, 28°07ʹS, 29°10ʹE, 1740 m, 6.iii.2002; 6♂, 4♀, Kommandonek, NE Ficksburg, 28°48ʹS, 28°00ʹE, 1650 m, 6.iii.2002, sweeping; all M. Stiller, J. du Plessis; 7♂, 2♀, Koloniesplaas, Memel, 27°42ʹS, 28°36ʹE, 1850 m, 14.xi.2003, sweeping, short, grazed grass (> 50 mm long); 1♀, Woudsicht road, 14 km S Vrede, 27°34ʹS, 29°00ʹE, 1800 m, 4.i.2004, sweeping, grass in road reserve; 5♂, 3♀, 1 nymph, Clarens, 8 km N on Bethlehem road, 28°27ʹS, 28°25ʹE, 1700 m, 2.i.2006, sweeping; 4♂, 1♀, between Tweeling and Frankfort, 27°27ʹS, 28°31ʹE, 1550 m, 2.i.2006, sweeping; 8♂, 9♀, 13 km W Memel on route R34, 27°39ʹ53.35ʺS, 29°27ʹ05.37ʺE, 1910 m, 25.xii.2008, sweeping grass and forbs in grazed pasture; all M. Stiller. <b>Gauteng</b>. 3♂, Devon, 26°27ʹS, 28°46ʹE, 8.iii.1976, G.D. Van Rensburg; 1♂, 1♀, Suikerbosrand Nature Reserve, 26°31ʹS, 28°14ʹE, 21.ii.1995, DVac meadow; 13♂, 13♀, Devon, 2 km S, 26°24ʹS, 28°45ʹE, 1680 m, 14.iii.2002, DVac, Themeda triandra dominated grassland in waterlogged soil; 1♂, Colbyn Nature Area, 25°44ʹS, 28°16ʹE, 1400 m, 4.iv.2003, sweeping; 2♂, 1♀, Diepkloof summit, Suikerbosrand Nature Reserve, 26°29ʹS, 28°12ʹE, 1840 m, 22.iii.2005, DVac, <i>Themeda triandra</i> dominated grassland on the summit, collected at 11h30; 7♂, 10♀, Toringkop, Suikerbosrand Nature Reserve, 26°30ʹS, 28°13ʹE, 1900 m, 22.iii.2005, DVac, grass and forbs on rock outcrop, with <i>Melinis repens</i> dominant; 11♂, 9♀, Leondale, SE Johannesburg, 26°17ʹS, 28°10ʹE, 13.iv.2005, DVac, grass along margin of marsh; 7♂, 2♀, Vaal Dam near Aeolians Sailing Club, 26°49ʹS, 28°10ʹE, 1500 m, 20.iii.2006, sweeping, grass in overgrazed meadow, and grass in wetland, with <i>Setaria</i> sp. dominant; all M. Stiller. <b>KwaZulu-Natal</b>. 2♂, Durban, 29°53ʹS, 31°00ʹE, 7.i.1971, R. Kluge; 1♂, 2♀, Van Reenen, 28°22ʹS, 29°24ʹE, 19.xii.1978, J.G. Theron, sweeping; 1♂, Elandslaagte, 28°27ʹS, 29°29ʹE, 21.i.1981, J.G. Theron; 7♂, 5♀, Evatt Police Station, 30°02ʹS, 29°21ʹE, 1790 m, 23.iv.2002, DVac, heavily grazed grassland, as well less grazed pasture; 1♂, 1♀, Orange River catchment, wetland, 28°54ʹS, 29°00ʹE, 2870 m, 16.iv.2006, sweeping, wetland grasses and sedges; 15♂, 8♀, 5 nymphs, Mt. Currie, 30°29ʹS, 29°23ʹE, 1524 m, 30.iv.2006, DVac, wet grass in road reserve; all M. Stiller. <b>Mpumalanga</b>. 2♂, 2♀, Ermelo, 26°32ʹS, 29°59ʹE, 24.xi.1971, R. Kluge; 1♂, Bethal, 26°27ʹS, 29°28ʹE, 22.i.1975, J.G. Theron, sweeping; 1♂, 1♀, Suikerboschfontein Farm, 25°56ʹS, 30°19ʹE, 1700 m, 3.ii.2001, M. Stiller, sweeping; 1♂, Ossewakop, Wakkerstroom, 27°23ʹS, 30°09ʹE, 2160 m, 7.iii.2002, M. Stiller, J. du Plessis, DVac, grassland, tall grass growing in deep soil; 1♀, Carolina, 7 km SE, 26°09ʹS, 30°08ʹE, 1650 m, 8.iii.2002, M. Stiller, J. du Plessis; 2♂, 2♀, Lawreston Farm, 26°28ʹS, 28°54ʹE, 1600 m, 14.iii.2002, M. Stiller, DVac, short grass after mowing; 8♂, 3♀, 6 nymphs, Cedarmont Road, 26°44ʹS, 29°03ʹE, 1550 m, 4.i.2004, M. Stiller, sweeping. <b>North West</b>. 3♂, 2♀, Ventersdorp, 26°15ʹS, 26°45ʹE, 23.i.1975, J.G. Theron, sweeping; 1♂, Vredefort Dome near Parys, 26°48ʹS, 27°22ʹE, 26.xii.2000, M. Stiller, sweeping; 1♂, Middelwater Farm, 25°41ʹS, 28°00ʹE, 18.iv.2003, M. Stiller, sweeping, grass and forbs on summit of mountain. <b>Western Cape</b>. 2♂, Prince Alfred’s Pass near Uniondale, 33°46ʹS, 25°10ʹE, 1.ii.1977, J.G. Theron, sweeping (BMNH, INHS, SANC).</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. This species is highly variable, but without morphological features that consistently suggest that it is a complex of species. Generally the aedeagus is consistent in shape and size throughout all examined specimens (Figs 3 i–k). In some specimens the aedeagal shaft is broken, which appears to be a common occurrence in this species. No discrete patterns were recognized in the plate and shape of the style apophysis. For instance a long style apophysis is present in the short plate (Fig. 2 al) (Bathurst specimen) and in the long plate (Fig. 2 ak) (East London and Zwetlitcha specimens). The combination of a long plate and long style apophysis was not common and was often sympatric with specimens with the short plate and short style apophysis (e.g. Bathurst specimens, Fig 2 al–an). Generally most specimens have a short plate and short style apophysis that does not project beyond the posterior margin of the plate (Figs 2 am–ap). Parasitized specimens possess a Y-shaped connective, and sometimes have an enlarged style.</p> <p>Two types of female sternite 7 are recognized (e.g. Figs 7 ay & az, and Figs 7 bb & bf, respectively) with both present at some of the localities. The small shallow notch was found in 68% of all examined specimens (n = 225) and appears to be most common in the more northern range of the species. The short ligula in 14% of specimens and long ligula in 4%. This more elongate ligula was more common in the southern range. Female recognition is further complicated by the apparently common breakage of the ligula of the 7th sternite. This occurred in about 14% of all examined females.</p>Published as part of <i>Stiller, M., 2010, Revision of the Southern African leafhopper genus Pravistylus (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) 2468, pp. 1-81 in Zootaxa 2468 (1)</i> on pages 33-36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2468.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10094177">http://zenodo.org/record/10094177</a>
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