460 research outputs found
Strategic Vertical Pricing in the U.S. Butter Market
No full textThis article develops a methodology for empirically analyzing vertically strategic interactions in a multi-level supply channel. The model is used to analyze the vertical channel for U.S. butter manufacturing and retailing. Aggregating products to the firm level and using a nonlinear AIDS demand system under alternative strategic pricing assumptions is estimated using full information maximum likelihood (FIML) for seven geographic markets from 1998-2002. The market demand for butter was found to very price elastic. Furthermore, cross price elasticities between private labels and the two large national brands were also very elastic. The selected market structure was one indicating category profit maximization of national brands (separate from private label) at the retail level, Vertical Nash competition in the vertical channel, and Bretrand competition at the manufacturing level. Our results strongly suggest that the retail market for food products is impacted by the underlying vertical structure. The study provides useful measures of imperfect competition in the retail manufacturing sector.Vertical interaction, market structure, strategic pricing, market power, AIDS model, butter., Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Consumer/Household Economics, Demand and Price Analysis, Industrial Organization, L13, L22, L66,
IMPERFECT COMPETITION AND STRATEGIC TRADE THEORY: WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED
No full textInternational Relations/Trade,
INCREASING CONCENTRATION IN THE U.S. HARD WHEAT MILLING INDUSTRY
No full textThis research shows that increased concentration in the U.S. wheat milling industry has not led to noncompetive pricing in upstream or downstream markets. Increased concentration has helped to reduce the marketing margin by $0.65 for every 100 pounds of flour produced. This is about 7% of the average marketing margin.Crop Production/Industries, Industrial Organization,
Foreign-Market Entry Strategies in the European Union
No full textThis study utilized intra-firm, socio-cultural, geographical-proximity, and political-stability variables to explain bimodal foreign direct investment (FDI) patterns by agri-food and beverage multinational companies into and within the European Union. A logit framework incorporated a unique-count database of firm-level investment patterns from 1987–1998. The results showed the 1992 structural changes under the Maastricht Treaty increased the probability of wholly owned FDI modes such as greenfields and buyouts. The model also found that past modal strategies of firms, language barriers, and exchange-rate volatility all correctly explained modal investment patterns. The results provide important contributions toward understanding modal investment strategies including the role of macroeconomic changes within a custom union.International Relations/Trade,
JAPANESE DEMAND FOR WHEAT CHARACTERISTICS: A MARKET SHARE APPROACH
No full textThis research took from the work of Kohli and Morey in the economics literature to apply a quality derived market share demand function to the international wheat market. Specifically, a Japanese wheat import demand market share model was derived using data for Hard Red Winter, Hard Red Spring, Canadian Western Red Spring, and Australian Standard White wheat. Results indicate that the four wheat classes analyzed here are relatively good substitutes for each other, the own-price elasticity for each wheat class is elastic, and the own-characteristic Protein elasticity for Hard Red Winter 13% protein wheat increased over the period analyzed.Crop Production/Industries, Marketing,
Are Hedonic Second-Stage Characteristic Demand Reflective of Actual Characteristic Demands?
No full textwheat protein, hedonic modeling, Rosen methodology, Demand and Price Analysis,
Evidence on Imperfect Competition and Strategic Trade Theory
No full textStrategic trade theory shows that government intervention in markets with small numbers of traders can boost the welfare of a country relative to free trade. This survey critically assesses the empirical evidence regarding this possibility. One finding is that while many international food and agricultural markets are characterized by oligopoly, price-cost markups tend to be small, and the potential gains from intervention are modest at best. In turn, existing government interventions such as agricultural export subsidies are generally not optimal in a strategic trade sense. The evidence suggests that oligopoly by itself is not a sufficient rationale for deviating from free trade in international markets.
FACTORS AFFECTING WHEAT PROTEIN PREMIUMS
No full textThis study used Rosen's methodology of deriving a marginal implicit price series from traditional hedonic modeling and then using this series to estimate a demand model. This procedure was applied to Kansas Hard Red Winter wheat protein. Results were mixed. Own-district protein level was not economically significant; however, an increase in other Kansas district's protein level and the North Dakota Hard Red Spring protein level may have a slight economic impact on own-district protein premium. The results of this study indicate that new varieties of wheat developed that increase protein content without loss of yield and that are regional specific can impact the price or wheat in other areas.Wheat, Characteristic Demand Model, Protein, Crop Production/Industries, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods,
JAPANESE DEMAND FOR WHEAT PROTEIN QUANTITY AND QUALITY
No full textLadd and Martin's hedonic pricing model is extended to include the interactive effect of noncontracted characteristics on the value of contracted characteristics. Marginal values of wheat protein in the Japanese import market are estimated using the interactive effects of noncontracted dough/flour characteristics typically proxied by protein. Protein value is linked positively to farinograph stability, a prime factor in blending different flours. Three high protein wheats maintained about the same marginal value of protein. The marginal value for the two low protein wheats appear more end-use dependant. They varied in a $2.00/ton range depending on protein absorption, stability, and extensibility.Demand and Price Analysis,
BACKWARD IMPLICIT CONTRACTS, PRE-COMMITMENT AND MARKET POWER IN THE INTERNATIONAL DURUM WHEAT MARKET
No full textWe devise a formal test of market power that is applied to the international durum market. The model captures the asymmetric cost structure brought about the initial payment system of the Canadian Wheat Board. The model generates testable hypotheses about market conduct and optimal strategic positioning.Crop Production/Industries, Industrial Organization,
- …
