5 research outputs found
The Eircs and the foundation legend of Scottish Dál Riata
No full textThe article examines one of the surviving variants of the foundation legend of Scottish Dál Riata, emphasising
the version described in “Senchus Fer n-Alban” (The History of Men of Scotland). Identifying
the extent to which Irish historical sagas (“The seed of Conaire” and “About the sons of Conaire”),
“The Life of Saint Féichín”, as well as fragments of Yellow Book of Lecan influenced the genealogical
introduction to “Senchus”, the author shows how this lore was adapted to the version of the legend
presented there. The adapted version excluded any personification connected with both the sons of
Eirc and with Fergus Mór himself. It is exclusively centered round the idea of exodus of part of Dál
Riata from Ireland and round the proof of the ethnic and political homogeneity of both parts of the
kingdom. The notion of the links between Dál Riata and the Eircs cannot have originated before the
Alpínid dynasty took interest in their Irish descent. It was only within this context that Fergus himself
and his brothers were invested with the features necessary for their functionally essential role as the
first Irish colonists who had set foot on Scottish lands. Thus, the monarchy with which the Alpínid
kingdom was directly associated turned out to be Irish. Therefore, the key figures who determined
the links of Kenneth MacAlpin’s descendants with territorial political groups of Ireland were: firstly,
Conaire Mór and the whole tradition originating from him; secondly, Fiachu Fer Mara, a legendary
ancestor of the royal dynasty of Dál Fiatach, the rulers of Ulaid; thirdly, Oengus Tuirmech, one of the
most prominent ancestors of the royal family of Ui Néill; forth, Ugaine Már, one of the common ancestors
for all of the most influential Irish royal lineages; and finally Míl Espáine, one of the legendary
characters of Irish epics. Refs 33.This article has been written with support from the Russian National Fund for the Humanities (RGHF)
(grant N 16-01-00108а)
Change in Northumbria : was Aldfrith of Northumbria's reign a period of innovation or did it merely reflect the development of processes already underway in the late seventh century?
No full textThis thesis looks at a period of Northumbrian history when the king was a part Irish, Iona trained scholar. Some have suggested that Aldfrith was assisted to the kingship by the northern victors of the battle of Nechtansmere. It examines processes in the late seventh century to try to identify changes that might have happened during the reign of this king.
The study begins with a wide overview of previous research to establish a basis from which to look for processes and change and also examines the sources available to us, written and archaeological. It then looks at the kingdoms to the north and west and at Aldfrith and the period of his reign. The suggestion is made that Aldfrith acted, with the Church, to cult saints that were Northumbrian and Romanist, as opposed to other options that might have been available. It proposes that the Northumbrians rejected opportunities to develop links with the north and west that may have been open to them. The following chapters then examine processes underway in Northumbria in three general areas; in the use of power, in society, and in the economy.
It concludes that although many processes continued as before, these sped up and in certain areas such as the production of coins, and the consequential development of trade, it was a period of innovation. There is no evidence of a focus to the north and west during Aldfrith’s reign and this has implications for how Aldfrith got to the throne, suggesting that it was with the support of the Northumbrian elite and not through the military strength of the Dál Riata or the Picts. The evidence is that Northumbria increasingly looked south for its influences and is prepared to absorb and implement processes and approaches from southern England, Gaul and Rome
Horace Kephart Journal 10
No full textHorace Kephart (1862-1931) was a noted naturalist, woodsman, journalist, and author. In 1904, he left St. Louis and permanently moved to western North Carolina. Living and working in a cabin on Hazel Creek in Swain County, Kephart began to document life in the Great Smoky Mountains. He created 27 journals in which he made copious notes on a variety of topics. Journals 5 through 11 deal with various aspects of outdoor life and contributed to his popular book, “Camping and Woodcraft.” First published in 1906 under the title “The Book of Camping and Woodcraft: A Guidebook for Those Who Travel in the Wilderness," the 1916/1917 edition of "Camping and Woodcraft" is considered a standard manual for campers after almost a century of use. Journal 10 (previously known as Journal V) includes information on wilderness handicrafts, uses of wood and bark, hides, leather, and canvas, and gunsmithing, photography, and log cabins. Click the link in the Related Materials field to view a table of contents for this journal.o, WILDE-R-N- ESS HANDICRAFTS.
I·
I
ol.
oat.
oa. AXEMANSHIP.
See also cm.Axes. Ju;d,~ ~.
C,256. Kreps,78-80. ~~ ~~J":S-91, :a. ~/ fF.IJ"'(F;H.IJ:~ .:J.O'J-Ih~·
tn4. ~-- d>;y.. ~, ,?s--, 77.) /83-I'Jz.:.u. lbjf-:i;;:61:Tn · 3 7 - ' Ps; .d.t .
~@lb. 2.2~-.2/to,ft·
Broken Axe Helves.-- C,274. ~,QG, ~.
J N felling timber! whether it be a full-grown
tree designed for firewood or
a mere switch desired as a fish-stringer,
be sure the butt points in the way you
wish to drag your plunder. Anyone who
has dropped one of a thick stand of popple
saplings with its top toward the
clearing where he wished to use it as a
tent-pole will have no doubt as to how
the idea of the barbed spear-head originated.
On the more placid other hand,
a stick put down with the butt-end
toward the clearing can be dragged with
ease out of the thickest jungle and
trimmed up and worked over at ease in
the open.
ob. QUALITIES OF WOODS.
C,261.
See also gf.Fuel values.
CoptJriel~ted Material
Western Carolina University
Iiunter Library
Saplings toughest.-- L.& n.,317.
obl.
oc. FELLING TIMBER. ocl
Kemp,34-36.
To cut a small sapling: bend it over strongly with left
hand, clip sharply at strained fibers, repeat bend and clip on
other side . "Treelets of 2" or 3" diameter can be felled by
two blows." (S . E.White.)
od. SPLITTING TIMBER. HEWING.
See also qe.Clapboard~ and Shingles.
k/( . S~~-
C,259. Kre ps,158-159. L.& B.,238-240,ill.
2qe2-3,ill.
Hewing.-- Kemp,37-38.
Log Clip.-- L.& B.,241,ill.
odl.
oe. WOOD-- Seasoning.
Anglers who may be interested in seasoning
wood will do well to procure Bulletin No. 41,
U. S. Forest Service. The supply for free distribution
by the Forest Service has been exhausted
but a copy can be obtained from the
Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing
office, Washington, D. C., at a cost of 25
cents in coin (not stamps). This goes into seasoning
of wood in detail and gives a great deal
of valuable information. W. J. A.
D: C.
· L.& B.,315-316.
~ en 4d.-.-.f. ,
j.wt. /U:J~
oel.
of. BENDING WOOD.
C.,26G . Kreps,160-lo2,ill. L.& B.,316-317.
Hasluck, Rustic Carpentry,24,ill.
~~~.kXJ.
ofl
To Bend Wood 1'.'i thout Steaming.-- Soak it for tlVo or three
days in water:--Then drive pegs into the ground in the outline
desired . Bend the now supple wood over these pegs, with small
sticks under it to keep it from contact with the ground, and
leave it to dry.
To handle hot rocks: see oz3.
'1M. ' I ftrl;#.• - fn;,~ I 6 7 •
og. QUAtiTilW OF BARIC. BARK!NG TREES.
ogl.
See also nz.Bark Canoes.
C,267.
"There probably does not exist a more durable, 'vvaterproof,
and easily prepared covering for a wilderness camp tban black
ash bark. The bark is removed from the trunks of the larger
trees without difficulty in the spring, cut into sheets four
by six feet, and put on,slightly overlapping. The sheets are
supported beneath by cross-poles, while cedar strips along the
outer surface prevent them from curling.
To one viewj_ng the interior for the first time, the rich
dark brown of the inner bark might be taken for a covering of
well-tanned c ovfhicles .
The birch bark in use for most Indian tepees along Lake
Superior cannot be found in any virgin Michigan forests, for
it is a second-growth tree in this region, as is generally
the case elsewhere. Being inflarr.mable , and of a flimsy
character, birch bark is not to be com:r:ared with the bark of
the ash. 11
(Geo. Shiras,3d, "The Wild Life of Lake Superior," in
:tlati_Q_!}_al Geogr~Jlj.c_ Magazine, August, 1921, p . 126~)
Ohl.
oh. BARK UTENSILS.
See also nt.cooking Without Utensils.
<je, tfJ'..A ... ~~ · 90-75~~ -
C,268. L.& B.,691 , ill . ~'"Z-l- , (f.~-N.i3"..1142-_,~, ~J ~-; ;.t~ • ..:U-
2n4,ill. cflt,_£~ o., Jl&o~, 1/o-//l>,~-
?1.!1·~ ... 4. r '";...Q 'Uu,.
.2 ak. 1-3' :.ffi'. .
Bark Cup.-- lmal.
Fold like filter-paper, pin at top with sliver, and insert
ring spreader of elastic twig. Can be set up in hole in ground.
iE':.'j· - Of(, ~.'tf.l71~-
A ROUGH AND READY GAME BAG
EVER get caught out in the woods
about 'steen miles from camp with
the bleeding remains of a headshot
partridge at your feet and the alternative
of lugging it by hand through the
brush to the practical destruction of the
corpse and the total ruination of all subsequent
snap-shots or packing it in the
bosom of your shirt before you? In
which case roll your eye a:round for a
rotten birch stub. Break off a hunk,
shake out the debris of decay, and shave
your bird into the resultant bark cylinder.
You can plug the ends with strips
of bark and have a neat parcel to shove
up under the back breadth of your wamus
to the region of your shoulder-blades.
Then tuck the tail of that garment back
to statu-quo and resume your route with
both hands free and gun at the "ready."
oh. BARK (etc.) UTENSILS.
How to Make a Paper Drinking Cup.
·Did you ever, when traveling, find that you had
forgotten your drinking cup and also learn that
the laws of the state forbade public drinking
cups, or that your discretion said you mustn't use
the one provided? It is queer how your thirst
increases then. A serviceable drinking cup can
be made out of a piece of wrapping paper or
wntmg paper in the following manner:
Take a piece oi paper about six inches square
and fold it diagonally (Fig. I) . Now fold the
right point over to the left (Fig. 2). Next fold
the left point over on top of the right one (Fig.
3). Be sure to keep the top edge parallel with
the bottom edge. Fold down the top points and
slip one of them into the pocket that has been
formed (Fig. 3).
In the woods or in camp it can be made of
birch bark and if made large enough will prove
a handy receptacle for berries, provisions, etc.
Minn. ARTHUR E. HASLUND.
J I •
How to Make a Woodsman's Drinking Cup
BY WARREN H. MILLER
Along with the buckskin shirt and the
crooked knife the maple knob cup is a sure
hallmark of the veteran woodsman. A drink
of pure spring water tastes better out of that
maple bowl than it ever will from your vestpocket
pouch. When you lean your lip upon
it you inevitably drink in something of the
poetry, the invisible spirit of the North American
wilderness; an essence of that something
which lifted the Red Indian above all
the other savages of the earth; so far, indeed,
that even the white man is hard put to
it to equal the combined nobleness and simplicity
of the Red Man's answer to the problem
of life.
I had always wanted one of those maple
knob cups, always envied their fortunate
possessors. Slung over the hip by a rawhide
thong passing around the belt and secured by
the little wooden barrel at the end of the
thong, the cup was always ready, always in
evidence when woodland spring or rill was
encountered, and delicious were the drinks
which you gratefully accepted from the proud
owner of the maple cup.
To me they always seemed marvels of
workmanship of the wood-carver's art. Thin
as horn, light and serviceable, all the delicate
grains and sap lines showed in a veritable
pattern over the smooth uneven surface
of the bowl, showing never a tool mark inside
or out, evidently a labor of years and
years to perfect. I determined to have one,
and not having any money, nor any friend
who made cups to present me with one, I fell
back on the Old Reliables, my own two
hands, to win one. Wjth a sharp saw over
my shoulder I set out into the forest looking
for a suitable knob. Sugar maple, red
maple, cherry and dogwood trees are full of
these knobs, and the way they are formed is
this: Short lower limbs that have been shadekilled
invariably rot close to the trunk and
are soon blown off by the winds. The tree
at once begins to heal up the scar to protect
itself from invasions of dry rot. Year by
year the cabium layer of green sapwood
closes in on the decayed branch scar; soon
h closes over entirely, and then the sap layers
flow in regular succession over the old scar,
making year by year a larger and larger
knob. If the branch has been too large the
closure will not be complete and the bark
will show a creasing in it. Do not cut one
of these off, for the knob is almost sure to
be incomplete. It takes considerable forest
cruising to locate a knob of just the right
size and shape, and so placed that you can
get at it to saw it off. Beware of getting one
too small or too thin, for the outer bark
makes the knob look considerably la rger than
it really is, and a thin knob will make your
bowl look more like a deep-sea oyster shell
than anything else. Saw off close to the
trunk (a most strenuous occupation in good
sooth!) and rip off the knob, tearing away a
bit of the trunk wood at the lower end for
oh~.
THE MAPLE KNOB CUP
a handle-at least that is the way I finished
my cut. Boy Barse then took the saw and
got off a beautiful little knob from a dogwood
tree hard by. My tree was a red maple
tree. We strolled home, leisurely peeling
the bark off our knobs with our huntingknives.
In both of them parts of the old
rotten branch stump were in evidence, a sort
of punk buried in folds and ears of hardened
former sapwood. The hollow made
in the bowl by the stumps was insignificant,
the rest of the knob seemed a hopeless, solid
mass of extra-hard heartwood. I foresaw
trouble ahead.
Arrived home I began work by sinking six
or seven holes with a three-quarter-inch auger.
I chased the knob into a corner between
the wall and the work-bench, where it was
jammed fast enough to work the auger, and
the holes were sunk in the deepest part of the
knob. So far so good; but we seemed to
have reached our limit of excavation. A
sharp half-inch gouge failed to do any material
damage, principally because the elusive
knob could not be held or imprisoned in any
known vice or contraption that the workshop
possessed. After a spell of cogitation on his
phenomenon I reasoned that the original
Ojibway cupmaker had no other vice than his
own knees to hold such a formless thing as
a knob in, and that there must have been two
of him, one to hold the knob fast and one to
work the gouge. So the Boy got busy holding
the knob fast on my knees while I started
chiseling towards the central auger holes.
Almost immediately we got results, for, joy
and more joy! big chips began to split out
following the original grain layers of the
knob. Pish! there was nothing to it! All
you had to do was to get the gouge started
on a sap ring and then, prying and following
up, you would spall off a big chip which terminated
with the auger holes. Beginning
with the central sap rings we worked back
layer by layer to the outer one, the bowl getting
deeper and larger all the time, yet splitting
out smooth and clean with never a toolmark
to show. Like many other forest mysteries,
the maple knob cup was simple enough
when you once got under the surface. In
just an hour from the time we started work
we were down to the outer layer, and with a
polishing of sandpaper and varnish the cup
stood finished, and one of my desires for
years stood gratified. The barrel or button
for the end of the cup thong may be threequarters
of an inch thick by 1;/z inches long,
slightly tapered at the ends and pierced with
a small gimlet hole through which the thong
is passed and knotted. A similar hole in the
handle of the cup takes the other end of the
thong, which should be about 5 inches long,
long enough to go once around your belt
with the barrel tucked under.
««<««~<<<«<« CopyrishtedMaterial "BTool< a.-nG. .S"pY•-,_g ~CIT C"t :so ... l:le:r
Western Carolina UniversihJ ...----
-:Bu\t.~y ~ 1 )'
lT..,o .... tl w):)lv1 pool
(1119\"t'~t Wlll.t~~)
INDIAN DECORATION MOTIFS TO BE SCRATCHED ON THE CUP BOWL
oi. BAST ROPES, etc.
See also oz. Fish-line Making.
C,270. L.& B.,690-694.ill.
2n4.
oil.
'
1' oi · BARK AND ROOT CORDAGE .
?t-~-1-'....t.:Ji;~ ~~ c.rrzl~,~ ¥ ~~. CF....bx;vi,Nr.J
7G.~~1~~ri~· (~,~-~,.2.69.)
t&.1...,._ ~ ~ ~ t:..._ v- ~· < ~~/SJ) ttt-~ ~ ('f:.,d., XI, .:1.2 7:)
o13.
IV'~~ ~~ ~,4f~-~~-r~~
~ (over)
<!rlft ltrliginua wdrarnpr.
Jlniltil ilrdl)tl'll Jublilll)ing 1jonll1'.
... I L XEPHAR'l', EdUor. . ~ J •. .M... PHILLIPPI, Associate Editor .
Copyrishted Mderial
·s~er"l Carolina l nive>rs.ty
I !untN I ibrury
oi4.
BARK AND ROOT CORDAGE.
"All the wood-work in the camoe is derived :from the cedre blanc,
:for this wood is very elastic, does not split, has but slight specific
gravity, and is easily cut vrith a knif'e.
The material :for the cords and strings is ·also obtained :from the
s&'Tie tree, though they also use the bast taken :from the roots o:r the
epinette blanche (a species of' spruce). All this is preparen by the
women, who are always busy in twisting 'watab', owing to the large
quantities USF3d. They can make either twine or stout cords out o:f
it, ann :for their :fishing-nets the ropes often reach a length o:f
f'if'ty yarns. These cords last a long time, and resist the influence
of water, and they can be laicl up :for two years without d.eteriorating.
If' damped, they become as supple as leather.
The people here g!ilv.e them the pre1_.'erence over hemp ropes. ' our
bast cords,' they say, 'are always rather greasy in the water, and
slip nore easily through our hands. Nor cto they cut the skin, like
the ropes of' the Europeans, when anything has to be pulled. Lastly,
they :feel rather warmer in winter.'"
(Kohl,Kitchi-gami, London,1860, p.31.)
CopytishtedMatetial
Westem Catalina University
Indian Hemp (A. cannab. ) • Iiunter Libran.J
liT()-remove the fiber, the woody stems are first soaked. in
water; the bast, with the bark, is then easily removed. The latter
being washed off', leaves a so:ft, silky fiber o:f a yellowish-brown color,
which is very strong and durable. I have seen ropes made o:f it
vrtllla:lb have been in constant use :for years. 11
( nr.Edward Palmer in American Naturalist, XII,649.)
Filrunents o:f elm bark were used to sew the sheathing o:f canoes
together. Also hemlock roots.
Roots o:f the swamp spruce of' Canada are long, tough, and
pliant, and may be usert :for twine or snares.
(Forest & stream, XVI,489.)
Cedar roots are good :for twine ann. ropes. (Do. , editorial,
I ,153.)
oi.
]Jtvv/e. ~ ~-efYl.~ . - Cop•Jriehted 'viaterial
'Stern Cuol naT )n'versitq
I 11tc I Dr ~ 1t-~ ~1 ttL ~r~ ~~ ~ (~J
cV\L ~· ('M~ . ~ or J¢:L~ .J
oi5 .
oi. FIBER- PLANTS , etc. o17.
Grape- vines .
Rhus trilobata .- Ill-scented sumac, Skunkbush, Squawberry . A favorite
basket-plant of' the Apaches and Navajos . 11 The twigs ai'e
soaked in watel", scraped, and then split . The baskets are
built up by a succession of small rolls of grass , over which
the twigs are :firmly and closely bound . The baskets are very
durable , will hold uater, and are often used to cook in, hot
stones being dl"opped in t:mtil the f ood is done . 11 (see
Ap6cyntun cannabiu.m .- Indian Hemp . 11Has a strong fibrous bast , easil y
stripped off, and :from which many tribes from the Great Lakes
to the Pacific , but specially those of the Great Basin , I'l!ree
from time imr1emorial made ropes , lariats , fishing lines, bags ,
mats, baskets , belts , etc . "
CopyrishtedMaterial
Western Carolina University ( V .Havard, in Gal"den & Forest, III , 620 . )
Iiunter Library
Suggests also Berchemia scandens , Supple-Jacl<. .
Withes,etc . ,for basket-making are gathered in spring or early summer,
when the wood is fUll of sap and pliable . The withes are
thoroughly soaked in water and woven while wet and sof't . If
the material is to be ke-pt fol"' some time before weaving, it
is buried in tte ground to keep it :fresh .
..
oi9.
oi.
TWINE, SUBSTITUTES FOR.
The long, tough rootstocks of sedge or saw-grass are much
used by our Indians as substitutes for twine. 11A great amount of
patience is exercised in tracing the rootstocks out for a distance
of from 2 to 5 feet through t11e sand and mud, but the labor is
considel"ed well worth while, f'or a well-motstened strand tl1e size
of an ordinary toothpiclc is nearly as flexible as string.._ and
can scarcely be broken by hand. The baskets manufactured from them
are known technically as 4•root-baskets' and are the strongest,
· most durable, and most costly that are made.n
(F.v.coville in contributions from the u.s.National Herbarium,
Vol. VII, no. 3, P. 314.) Cop,_1riahtedMaterial
Western Carolina U niversitcJ
Iiunter Library
The commonest f'ibeD plant of' the Indians is the Indian Hemp
(Apocynum cannabinurn), which grows nearly all over the continent.
11 The inner bark, collected in fall, is soft, silky, and exceedingly
strong. It was used not so very long ago as almost the sole source
of fiber for ropes and nets, also to make garments, and as th1•ead . 11
(Same, P.379.) JGtA-e--u-a..~ __ (1.-g-k.. ~~Nt-~ ~~ -.{.~~~
z;.,. ~. ~- IV'l- ~ ·1n-. . ~ Aii~ ~- (]'(... ~u~ h4f.. f.u.", ~F"· , ,_.~... ~, ~
~-~ ~--~--r~. ~ 1~
't ~"'Q
~ 73~~~ ~ Jia::_l<- ~ ~X.
~Ia; 4 ;}/w ~· k ?lf)u{ t
t.,i;: II- 4-- .,... ~ -'- ¥> a ..p:~.-+ MZJ:-, ,k.. f4J> ~ .. ~~~
~ ~ ~- {~~w{w~-~ -I"J"~{..i/96,)
~J,_ 4, ~. ;:...- ~4 ir~ N?-~ ~ ..
oj. ROPE AND TWINE. HAMMOCI{ AND NET MAKING.
See also ib.Lariats.
mv.Mountaineering.
oz.Toggles.
ojl
In uncoiling new rope, pass the end at the core to the opposite
side and draw it out; the turns of the rope will then run out
\Vi thout kinking. (Farrow.) CopyrishtedMaterial
Western Carolina University
Iiunter LibrartJ
Rawhide Rope.-- Marcy,l05. lijl. (See also ib.Lariats).
Canvas Hammock.-- Harper,66,ill.
Strength or Rope: see pc5.
oj3 •
. •
.. .
.:iwulllli-itiNilllliiill•lfiioillMIIllii~~Copyri$htd :Mater,al oj
-------- Western C rol na ~J.1·v0rsit,1
_____ '-L·nte·r.il. YJ
APRIL, 1911 .
Hair Ropes and Girths.
BY S. D. B ARNES.
YOU don't see hair ropes any more, except
perhaps in the Spanish-American republics.
They proba bly a re not common
anywhere. Here in the United States, enn in
the cattle countries, they have been so long out
of use that writers on frontier life are hazy as
to th eir place and purpose in the equipment of a
vaquero, cowboy, cowpuncher, or however you
may be pleased to term the man who "worked"
cattle for a living_ They will prate of the
"roping" feats performed 1rith a horsehair
riata, doubtl ess honestly believing that the lariat
was formerly a! ll"ays of hair, when in reality a
hor sehair rope is too light and limber for satisfactory
throwing beyond a dozen fee t. T he
1•iata was made of rawhide, twisted or plaited,
oiled, and rendered pliant the same way a tanned
buckskin is softened-by hours of tedious handwork.
A horsehair rope tied to the saddle was
light and never in the 1ray, and came in handy
for tethering the horse and for a hundred other
purposes. It was commonly believed that a circle
of hair rope on the ground a round a sleeper
would keep out rattl esnakes, but this is to be
doubted.
Hair saddle girths, or cinches, were once the
correct thing. Present day manufacturers imitate
them in cotton, and even on the cattle range
you will find the majo rity of girths of cotton
strands, or cotton webbing similar to the backbands
on the plow harn ess of plantation mules.
Thirty years ago the owner of a saddle with
such girths would have been the object of contumely
from his companions. In the West and
Southwest every man and boy knew how to twist
ropes and cinches of horsehair, just as they could
pl ai t four, eight, twelve, and sixteen strand
whips and quirts of buckskin or rawhide, and tie
Spanish kn ots on them when completed-ornamental
knots of bright-colored leather, with
every loose end hidden, so that to the uninitiated
it was a mystery how the task was started or fin ished.
The equipment for twisting hair was handmade
and simple_ The requisite "whirl" was composed
of a six-inch handle as big as your thumb,
with one end rounded clown and shouldered to
fit a hole near the end of another stick, this last
being usually flat and with the greater weight in
the long encl. The shorter end was merely for
attaching the fir st fifteen or twenty hairs, the
commencement of the strand that was to be. The
work required two operators-one to whirl the
pivoted twister, while his assistant as required
paid out, from the bunch of hair he held, just
enough to keep the strand of the desired size.
Note that but one strand was completed at a
time, the process differing from that by which
our forefathers manufactured hair fi shlines, by
running the hair through three quills and twisting
each in turn, while the second man, with a
reverse twist, brought the three strands into one.
In ropework three strands with a right-hand
twist were a fterwarcl laid together and a lefthand
twist joined them. The rope 1rhen completed
would appear about as large as your little
finger, because of the loose twist and thousands
of projecting hair-ends, but would compress to
the thickness of a lead pencil. Its tensile strength
was wonderful. A single strand sufficed for a
girth, looped back and forth from ring to ring
sixteen to twe
0001
No full textDAILY PALO ALTO TIMES, SATURDAY. JAMAKV 2. j»
Palo Alto Garage
and Machine Shop
PboM as* r«io Alia.
Unreal Id India I* obviously becoming nmrf ominous. That I* eon-
feseed by the government la It* enactment of a "summary Justice" bill
for dealing wltli sedition. For weeks
All kinds of machine shop work,Hi«- news from that empire haa been
solicited. Second-hand automobiles', almost dall> marked with reports of
bought and sold. Floor space ffl daeolty, or of assassination attempt
•od up "per month. Gasoline*, Oils »d or affected. Dynamite plota naTe
and machine supplies of all klnda been discovered, bombtbrowing bas
for sale.
«
FOOD FOR THE SEINE.
»M*t »«.«■♦♦♦■»*■♦*
CEO. B. BENTLY
Contractor for 1
All old aud nsw work,
aid* or outside.
give*.
Raaldenca ttt> Homer ate-
an*. Pbona «I1X.
Alafcwstlas fof aale; beet
kalaom'ne In use. all colors.
■»ea sse*-ss*ss**ss* *******
An Inefdent ef Whutlsr's stud.nt
Days to Paris.
Tbe early seen** In 'Trilby" hav»
«u<*wn us Hie hilarious squalor ■ r to*
Ktudeiil tltr in Cur]* when Whistler
Joined tin- studio that Oleyr* carried
on In. succession t IVIaroeb*. It wan
1 ht* It'iiitMiii 1 barely 1*1= >!■ r ni/..-»l. ul
Merger's inn.-i, sml the shifts to
which thee* raw rot-relta In art do
been Indulged In. add InelUuenta to I eceoded fnroUhed Whistler for lifr
wholesale massacre and luaurree-! w1"' •om* *,f bl* "*•'"' "orta»- °IKT
■ _ «.- s^ . »i"ii sn A trtiTfc-nir friend unearthed
Hon hate been and are numerous In; Mm ^^ ^ ^^ m (br
the press. There hare been hints, (wU of , wanlrwbe OM bnt diy he
at a genera) aprlalng In April next.; i^wtn-d his coal for an iced drink
Whether they are fulfilled or nol.j Inrlted wore 10 tbe American embasay,
there can be little question that the; be bad to borrow Foynter's dree* suit
government Is now facing th* most Bui tbe best story of tbese frolicsome
serious problem which it bas bad b«-| *>?. V*^-*?™,'^ ?1WMl "r*^*
for.' 1' ulnru Ih" (treat mutiny of
half a century ago.—New York
Tribune.
Elite Market
A. R. STEIERT
Phone 7
Selected Meats Al-!
ways on hand.
Fish and Poultry !•—
PROFESSilONAL
ATTORNEYS
S. W. CHARLES
FREDERICK SCHNEIDER
ATTORNEVS-AT-LAW
SimKUtt Building Palo Alto, Cal.
Phona 90.
:
Regular Deliveries to the;
Campus and Menlo
Park
Rodgtra, Smith 4 Thoman
ATTOIIMTS.AT.MW
NoUrr pnnlle In offlra
Pbon. <I1K. Madlaou*
Tholta block. Palo Alto, C.I
I
i
tn the LouVre, either on coninilsuloi
or on "spec." which 1tept (hem alive}
between remittance*. Whistler's, chow, j
Ernest Delstmoy. hsd done a gorge*■«■ ,
repllcn of Veronese's "Marriage Feast
i\ Cfnri" Hint tnuk when framed tbe ■
pair ef Huso to entry It. Tbey tried,
It mii erery dealer up and down both |
sides of the Heine mull the Ural price
of AiiO fr.i in■« had dropped with sev-
eral thuds to jno, then 20. then 10, j
then 8 Suddenly tbe dignity of art j
11 «*ertfd Itself.
i hi the I'dtil des Arts they lifted tbe j
huge eanra*. "I'd." they eald, with j
a great awing, "deal. I rote-elan!" J
and ver it went.Into the water with a }
aplAJth. Hergeuta de vllle eatne ran- j
nlnt*. omnibuses stopped, and boats j
,'U.h«d out r.rt tbe rtrer Altogether 1
It vent tin Immense success, and tbey j
Went home encluinfed.-Tall Mall Osteite
I Christmas Qoods
♦ A large aaaortment of nse-
i ful mud Uswy triMn sultaM*
; for gift*.
_ THE STBKUMG
♦ jit iniiiiim aw«.
Mtm G. I
SHAMPOOING
Shampooing, manicuring. »e*lD*
traatment and fielal inaaaaga. Coat-
pleslon packs a spaclaJty. Mrs. C.|
Malrom Wsde. rooms 7 and I. Mad-
Ison-Tholts block. Pbona USX."
<
THE WRONG NOTE.
ta,a>sjf gsjtsjf;SjSjSjffsmaj^a.f
3 Phone 160
City Market
Y. B. SANDERS
| Freih and Ssh Mean
of all Hindi,
Poultry, Etc
Ettrylltinr First-Class lid
Up-to-Date
Orders Dci'wftd fr»«p1ly
SOI University Avenue
PALO ALTO
WWMIIIMWIIIIIIHimi
Co-Operative Land &
Trust Company
Real Estate
Loans
Insurance
NORMAN E. HALCOLM :
M I I'HSIA AT LAW t
MIT1I11 I'CHI.ir J
N«»»d» block. t'alD Alto, J
C»l. Ofio* phone .:r,K; rMl- X
done* pbooo &IBK. «
IMIIIIHtmM»MMt*HI
DENTISTS.
Geo.'BUkealey Uttje
DENTIST
Offlca. Madison-Thoiu Rulldmn
»..,l. o. a
SLUM
A. A. MACINTYRC
O. 0
C.ra<huir iWtttal IWpattmunl l!iit**r»tir
9l t>Sitit>!riata. HviUJclpli^ l'«t (rftvl*-
tu tWaonlni re**ibriK l«mtWf.. Atl.tiu,
G* »»•*•!> rv*l r.rac ^ti#. ChKSK> »<Soal
ol OitlVKtutiit*. tit 'kat|*a rratwiiaht*,
UtVMs. Ladtard tapilutsg
Itoan. t *j a. m. in 44* P- ■>■
Harry C Reynolds
DENTIST
Nevada rtukding Palo Alto
Hours 9 to i?atvl i:jolos
MEDICAL.
1 t*rigated Lands
Plenty of Honey to Loan.
308 UnlTtrsltj- Arewwe,
PALO ALTO.
OaTCOfSTMIC PHtWlCIAN ;
OR- H. C. PHELPS ♦
Oraduata American School 4
of Osteopathy, Klrkrllla, Mo .
Treatment glran patients at *
bom* If daalrad Hoar* I *
a. a- to t p. m. Ill Unlrar- *
ttty avenue. Phono 71. J
Palo Alto
Creamery
Fma rhv«^i bftcuv «uuy.
Im ■■■■ to ar4w it wboto-
■toMtol.
Til»nfcu«« 4MB.
DR. JOHKril I). lltMRROV
V.t*rin*rr Surg^m and
MIMMMI...
ItMMIIII
MIMMt.lMI.il, M..MM.
Collars and Cuffs.
Domestic
Finish
Stanford Laundry
. Car. lUsBOaua street and Foreat
arena*. Telepboae wMK
*»«»»M*IM« M«l»«t«i
Dentist
Offtc* and raaldenca
Forest avenue. Palo Alto.
Tetephone BUV.
&46
Meiart's Outbrssk M in Opers P»r
fermanes at Marsslltsst
j Mosari. t>Hng <nre on a rl-.it al
' Marseilles, wertt Iw-^gnlto to bear Ote
; performan'-e «>f hh "Vlllanella Haplts "
; He hnd ren-on to he tolerably well
| aatlsfied till lit tbf midst f the prtnel
pal aria tbe "irhestra. thrungh aotoe
err. r In the eo,>yltig of the eeora.
■ sounded n r» natural where tbe com-
' power bad written 1> f.iinri» Tills sob-
»slltntlftn did twt ln|nre the barotooy.
i but rnre a eomnlonplaee ebaraeter to
i the j'hriiae and nbseurM tbe asntlmenl
| of tbe •■•■ui'Hw er
\ Moisrt no soouer heard It than he j
'started np vebeioently and from the j
middle of the pit cried not In a role* j
of thunder. "Will yon play I> ebnrp. |
, yon wret*he*Y*
■ T'te ser«srion t»r<-doeed In tbe tbea-
I ter may be luugtne«I. Tht actors were I
; nstitundird. the lady who waa singing j
*!"ii'nl ahort, tbe orrbesrrs followed j
i her example, and tbe andlenee. with
l loud exclamation*, demanded tbe ex-1
i pulsion of tbe offender. He was ar- I
i rordlncty aelxed nml requlreil to name
' himself. He did so. and at tbe name
! of Mourn the clamor aubalded and
was succeeded by sbnnts uf spplans*
frotD'all sides.
It was Insisted that tbe opera should
1 he rerommeoeed. Moaari waa installed
; In the otvh«*trn and directed the
whole performance. This time the P
sharp was |>ls)ed In Its proper place.
nnd the mu*l< Isns tliemselrea were
•r1sed at the superior effect produced. After the ni*ra Moiart was
condocted in triumph to his hotel.
Ths Thirtsen Chisks.
How dlDU-utt It is to pick out truth
or fiction from apparently strniifbtfor
wnrd reettnis of the actions of animals
' la well shown In a communication sent
' to one of our foreign exchangee by a
I man who Inys claim to long experi-
' euce In breeding game birds. He atat-
■ ed In all seriousness that only two of
: his pheasant liens bad batched out
■ eweuteeu of the elghteeu eggs placed
under each one In tbe ueau, "It la a
\ curious fact." b«> contlnoea. "that both
> hatched off on the same day, aud each
'■ hen ImmerNatcly killed thirteen out of
I her seventeen lire chicks by [>ecklng
JOSEPH PULITZER. EDITOR OF THE NEW YORK WORLD.
Joseph rUHwr, vbe drew the president's fire tbrottKh editorial rrltleisina
of the l*ntisins canal purchase, has for the Inst thirty years t-een one of uV
moat conspicuous figures In American journalism. Tbe New York World, of
which he is the proprietor, haa for two decades been a potent factor not ■
In national politics, but has wielded a powerful tiifluem-e In puhlii affair* lu
New York city and throughout the Kuiplr- Mtnte Few men hare a firmer
grasp upon matters of worldwide Importance than Mr Pulltier, and his
newspaper reflects hts elews in tbe nmat minute |i«ribruiar.
KMIORATION PHOM MEXICO
ni i -i i iiv D0ojrnq> mmii
. their brains end lakl tbem tn a row In
4> front of her, each exactly lu tbe same
1 abnll be gtad to kuow whether
* i each a alngnlar case hss erer been
on.wnm*Mw**mm*n*nMn*n* \ not*d u-t-■*• -
| TAM) AI.TO J1ATI1 PARLORS j; k.. .hall I; but. at any rate. In this
-«*BftJ9"i-ft f i esse at least, thirteen waa an unlucky
sWk'iS: «*^T'.nd I "°""*r "" >"'"' "" ""•'*" "• «*"
electric Ihjht oaths. Showers, j*
sprays, maaaage. Separate *
-partmente for ladles Lady -
I. owners. - Forest and Stream.
»eeessesee»veeees.ss..ss».
M. H. BiLLE
Landscape
Card
ener
ritoa* SltK.
TN*. Sbruba. PUAta u<
atp*rt*oo«d »>•« tor
Coatract or <J»y work.
RwldMC. 170 WBT*ri«T St
Poatofflo* boa it.
PALO AUTO. CAU
• IIMMIMI
and i«DtlcaiaD nun.*
aoa Tholu building
1'houa III.
M.dl-
L-aj a» fj (slts Pits sa*m pt'tt ttyts a>'ta pt'w. gi*ta 9
KIUCATIONAU
|tMtttnttm»mtumi
Hsr One AmbitlsA.
She wanted a Job. sbe told the man.
ager of tbe big sture. and everything
about ber, from dropping eyelashes to
neatly molded Instep. Indicated that
sbe would draw enough trade; or
ought to. to cover her salary.
But the manager told ber that for
one of her Inexperience ah* would
command only about |d a week.
| Sbe accepted lUK if It was tbe beet
■ouSd do, but aa sbe was about to
turn away ah* beettated and aaked de-
1—oklng at bint through the
. Palo Alto. Csl.
t:gllO»ee*»y
HOMKR1AN HALL
Holti ScbmoI for Boya
Se-.ro ad half thtrtt-iourth
eemeetsr opens Msroh U. Bjmurely. „
could make that *T a week, ao 1 could
dreee Principal W. J. Meredith. »1 h*T* V"-.'*. tal!*l7 *Sf* "^ "
Palo Alto. Oal. Jj J awhileT'-St. Louie Republle.
Curious as It may seem regarding^
a country noted for cheap labor,.
many thousands of Japanese and
Chinese are Imported by employer*'
to work In Mexico. The reason for'
this la said tn be the rise tn wages'
there attributed to effects or emigration of Mexican laborers to the
rnltod States.
According to official figures, the;
number of Mexicans coming to this
country Is from *'.".""" to loo.OOO a;
year. In the border stales tbey are!
dlaplactng Italian.. Oreeka and Jap-.
aneno as unskilled laborers, being'
regarded aa easily-managed and or-:
dsely as well as cheap.
These Mexicans are of the i*eon
rlaaa. virtually Indians with a lit-;
tie white blood. They are unamhl-.
tlou*. so they do not attempt to en-'
gage In trsdea or callings requiring
training and skill For this reason,
and also because they are commouly
tranalent. returning to their native
land In the course of alx months or
more, there has been little opposition to their immigration.
It appears that tbe laborers returning lo Mexico, after an experience of relatively good par aud comfortable living In tbo Tutted States,
have led to a demand for higher
wage* In their own country, wblrh
bas been offset by railroad and mining companies jind planters through
tin|H>rlatinn of Japanese and Tht-
Mexlcans have been largely, em
ployed In Southern California as la-
borers In th* beet-sugar Industry
and other agricultural work, and aa
section hands on the railroads. In
Texas they do much of tbe labor In
the cotton fielda. and many of them
remain in that state. Tbera haa
long been a large Mexican population in New Mexico, and a considerable number of the same mixed
racwaarw found In Arlxona.
Organised labor in this country
doe* not appear to be concerned with
Immigrants from Mexico, 'partly because It Is not very great, but chiefly for the reason that It doe* not
compete, or threaten to compete,
with skilled workmen In any trade
or nmployment.- Sacramento Dee
' The surcees of the 2-c«nt letter
poetage between this country and
England has been so great that a
S-eeoi letter postage rate haa been
arranged between Germany and tbe
1'ntted States to go Into effect January 1. iftott. This applies, bow-
ever, to letters carried by direct mall
lines between the two countriss.
Letter* sent to Great Britain with a
2-cent aamp affixed will not be forwarded to Germany unless additional postage Is paid. -
See i.-wis Little, agent South
era.Pacific Company, at Palo Alto
depot, about your trip seat or roer
steamship tlekota. Any and all
-outs* No trouble to fnmlaa in
'oetastlo*
LARKIN'S
I The Place for Men
KANTI.KEK WATER
BOTTLES
Ouaraotaatf for two yaara.
«l AMiir.li PHARMACY
; •■it" r Ctrelo.
PALO ALTO ELECTRI-
' i ■ »I. WORKS
KVKin HUM. KI.KCTR1CAL
IIS Culv.r.ltr arauoa. Tala-
pbooa UIT. Pnompt at-
taotloa to rapali work. Call
and loapact our stock.
PALO ALTO COSSTBlCTIOa
coMPAinr.
Esumataa glvao. Plaaa mod
aoaciacatloas farolabad far
bomabulldara. Sobblna work
doaa.
THOMAS u iillll.K
An
I THOM'
; OSlea SM
WM:l't nOAKDINO KTABI.B
II. I . Banana, Vrtariaara Sarsaoa.
171 Hamilton avanas. Palo Alto.
Spaclallr tin. atoraga accommoda-
tlooi, mouaa and doat proof. Homo.,
rafalrlaa and barnaaa bongkt and
mid.
«• ITKIV-i a MrilR.IV
101-105 Kmaraoa bXraaL
Oraaaal Blarkamlthlnc
Horaeaaoaiac
Robbar Tl-a 8attln( a Spaelalt}.
'
STANISR LK8SONS
(iratmnar. Reading, PronMS>-
ciatsoc. aad t*nnvrrutlon.
Apply to
laKNOR KDl'ARJXs P. FORGA
407 Wavrrler St., l'-lo Alto.
(P. O. Box lt)tl.)
■ * a ». »*•-•■»
PALO ALTO PLAN'RV
K II. WALKER
Dealgner and superintendent •
all claaese of buildings f
»*ss*»s*.
L*eif L -'
♦ The word *1otc" in on* of the In-
I i dian dialects is "cbemlendamooghku '
♦ j nagogagu."* Fancy a sweet forest
J maiden telling her copper colored '
t ! brave that sbe 'Vbemlendatmoughku. 1
II nacogsgus" him. The conjugation of 1
f | tbe verb "to lore" lu that dialect most
i t take at leaat a year to recite.—rath-
♦ !Under
Reason F*r Worry.
"Men worry more thsn women."
•Tea: tbey not t-nly hgve everything
to worry shout that the women have.
I Jmt tbey alao have the women to wet
f ryal
*♦♦*-♦♦*♦*-♦«>
«
I'hone ST.
Government Inspected refrigerated maaU at the
Stanford Meat Co j
i I
* SM 1 al.or.ltr A*raaa. X
I DBUCACIBS. POI'LTRT j
t Frets fish tvery Friday j
j HAVE YOU
I MOVED?
Yes,
Palo Alto Transfer Co.
tfOVmi MB A.WD THKV AMI 80
tOREBABLB AM> W<.aMU»T.
IM. THAT I WILL
THKH TO TOO.
Office
525 ALMA STREET
Phone 00
5 a. r. ivh. h. a Riaaai& S
THE LATE DONALD G. MITCHELL (IK MARVEL).
II COAL.
about too.'—Sm.irt Pet.
There are few tatrsons who would
uot be ashamed of being lored whea
tbey lor* no longer—Rocbefnnc*old.
.».**•*•*.
IsonsEd U Mitchell, known sll over the *orid as Ik Marvel, author of "Re*.
cries or . ituhelor" ami "t>r**m Life." who died reqrntly at bis borne In
lit, sr«a lw.ra lu Norwich, t'onn.. tn April, lmS. HU fstb*r waa s,e
iT,il todi i«ersonal charge of the early education of tbe son. Implant-
HVgln hi- mind many of tbe bsamilfully ptetlc sentiments that made Mr. Mitch-
die work so .tear to the hearts of tb< nsaoda of readers In after life. In hi*
yontft Mr Mitchell waa very delicate and after his graduation went abroad In
eearcfa of health. Ills Ural work to attract general attention was "ReTerlee of
a Hai-he;.*." which a* produced tn 1850.
WOOD, HAT,
GRAIN
BELL.RITCHIE CO.
imniw»inmnm
Fachkatalog Neuguinea / Stadt- und Universitätsbibliothek Frankfurt am Main
No full textAus Anlaß des Kongresses der "Deutsch-Pazifischen Gesellschaft" im Juni 1981 in Düsseldorf legt die Stadt- und Universitätsbibliothek Frankfuxt am Main ein Verzeichnis ihrer Bestände zum Raum "Neuguinea" vor . Dabei umfaßt der Katalog sowohl die Literatur zu "Papua-Neuguinea" (Niugini)" als auch zur indonesischen Provinz "West-Irian (Irian Jaya)". Aus Gründen des geographischen Zusammenhangs werden in einem Anhang allgemeine Publikationen zum Raum Melanesien in den Katalog aufgenommen. Die gezielte Sammlung der Literatur zu diesem Raum ist ein Ergebnis der Zuweisung des Sondersarnmelgebietes "Ozeanian" durch die Deutsche Forschungagemeinschaft an die Frankfurter Stadt- und Univeraitätsbibliothek. Dabei liegt der Schwerpunkt auf der Sammlung historischer und ethnologischer Literatur. Grundlage des Katalogausdruckes ist der Länderteil des Sachkataloges der Bibliothek, der nach feststehenden Länderkennziffern, Fachgruppen und Schlüsselnummern gegliedert ist. Unter jeder Schlüsselnummer sind die Eintragungen chronologisch geordnet. Auf jeder Titelkarte befindet sich rechts oben die Signatur, unter der das Buch über Fernleihe bei der Stadt- und Universitätsbibliothek Frankfurt am Main bestellt werden kann
