20 research outputs found
Madalyn Kuhn Papers, 1932-1997
No full textThe Madalyn Kuhn Papers contains her diaries while living in the Lisbon and Fargo-West Fargo, N.D. area. She kept a daily diary from 1932, when the author was 14, through 2000. From a researcher?s point of view, the diaries offer invaluable information on life in North Dakota, growing up in the 1930s, teen issues, social life, entertainment (especially movies), fashion, finances, diet and nutrition, dating, working conditions for single women, widowhood, single mother issues, and weather. The collection is organized into four series: Diaries, Typed Transcripts, Financial Journals, and School Papers
The Silent Strain: Workplace Hazing as a Hidden Organizational Stressor.
No full textBetween 25% and 75% of working Americans report experiencing hazing at some point in their careers (Thomas et al., 2021). This wide range is partly due to underreporting, often driven by fears of retaliation, termination, or stalled career progression (Thomas et al., 2021; Tolfer et al., 2016). Despite its frequency, research has historically focused on non-workplace contexts, leaving a critical gap in understanding its organizational impact.Although definitions of hazing vary across disciplines, four consistent characteristics emerge: it is temporary, unidirectional, coercive, and coalitional (Thomas et al., 2021). These elements form the conceptual foundation for this study. In this study hazing is defined as the short term socialization process in which new employees within an organization are faced with high induction costs that are unrelated to their new roles and act as a barrier to their recognition as a legitimate organizational member (Mawritz et al, 2020; Cimino et al., 2019; and Cimino, 2011) To address this gap, this study investigates workplace hazing through the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, positioning hazing as a unique organizational stressor. We hypothesize that hazing exposure will significantly predict psychological strain. Additionally, we hypothesize that employee personal resources and individual characteristics will moderate this relationship, weakening the link between hazing and strain. A cross-sectional survey design will be used to examine this relationship. Participants will be recruited via Prolific, with inclusion criteria requiring individuals to be over 18 and employed full-time. The Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model (Demerouti et al., 2001) will guide the theoretical framework, and the Workplace Hazing Scale (WHS) (Mawritz et al., 2020) will be used to measure hazing experiences. Understanding workplace hazing is a critical step toward identifying its harmful effects on employees, informing organizational strategies to reduce its occurrence, and exploring its long-term implications for both individuals and institutions. These findings will contribute to the research by clarifying how personal resources buffer the stressor-strain relationship of hazing and employee psychological well being. These findings will allow for future research that investigates organizational interventions and the effectiveness in mitigating potential negative effects of hazing
Behavioral Observations Reduce the Probability of Injury: A replication
No full textBehavioral Observations Reduce the Probability of Injury: A replication AUTHORS: Lizzie Smith, Charlie Wills, Ethan Fountain, Elizabeth Arnold, Madalyn Stephens, Drew Sipe, Shawn Bergman, & Tim Ludwig Introduction Occupational safety is a highly effective area for applying behavior analysis in the workplace (Ludwig & Laske, 2022). Behavioral safety programs are designed to reduce workplace injuries by observing employee behavior and identifying potentially risky behaviors. These programs often include behavioral observations, where employees use a checklist to identify unsafe behaviors and provide quick, helpful feedback. Past research has consistently shown that these programs can lower injury rates over time (Ludwig & Laske, 2023). This study will use a statistical model to determine whether behavioral observations made during the past week influence the probability of incidents happening over the next seven days. Methods Safety data from a southern oil refinery company (2022–2024) will be analyzed to replicate findings from a chemical manufacturing plant (2017 - 2019). A rolling sum time-series logistic regression analysis will test whether the number of observations or hazards reported over the past seven days influenced the likelihood of an incident occurring in the subsequent seven-days. In the replication, the control variables included day of the week, actual week, number of responses marked safe/unsafe/NA, questions responded to, people per day, hours worked per day, and employee count. In the new analysis, these variables serve as predictors rather than controls. Analysis We will apply a rolling sum time series logistic regression model to capture 14‑day safety trends. This model should not only allow us to replicate previous findings but to test the time lag for all predictors. Our hypothesis is that increased safety observations reduce incident likelihood within seven days. Previous findings from a chemical manufacturing plant (2017–2019) showed each additional observation lowered incident odds by 23% in Manufacturing and 17% in Maintenance over three days, preventing an estimated four and 16 incidents annually. Replicating and extending these results will strengthen validity and enhance predictive power. Implications The replication of our findings will strengthen evidence that increased safety observations reduce injury probability. With greater dataset granularity, we expect higher statistical power and improved validity of our methodology as a practical tool for reducing workplace injuries. This replication will serve as a foundation for developing a predictive model capable of estimating daily injury probability and assessing the sustained impact of safety observations. As digital monitoring and AI tools advance, our study highlights the critical role human-generated safety observations continue to play in reducing workplace incidents. References Ludwig, T. D., & Laske, M. M. (2022). Behavioral safety: An efficacious application of applied behavior analysis to reduce human suffering. Journal of Organizational Behavioral Management, 43(3), 190-220. https://doi.org/10.1080/01608061.2022.2108536 Ludwig, T. D., & Laske, M. M. (2023). The science and best practices of behavioral safety: The source for reducing injuries on the front line. Routledge
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The Rise of Soft Law: Have International Environmental Agreements Suffered?
No full textThe increasing use of soft law rather than hard law has had a negative impact on international environmental agreements created to address climate change, as evidenced by severely weakened implementation and enforcement mechanisms in many of these modern documents. First, the author will provide an analysis of the existing literature and explain where her contribution fits within the current scholarship, as well as why this research is necessary. This is followed by an assessment of the Paris Agreement of 2015, Montreal Protocol, Kyoto Protocol, and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The author will demonstrate how hard law would have made soft law agreements much more effective. Lastly, she will share her main conclusions and hopes for future research on this topic
Mellon Scholars Program: “Shakespeare’s Sister” – Victorian Women and Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights Through the Lens of Elizabethan Drama
No full textEmily Bronte, author of Wuthering Heights, engaged in a conversation with Shakespeare’s work, most clearly in her novel’s use of elements found within King Lear. As first suggested by Virginia Woolf, my project seeks to examine the ways in which Bronte’s prose responds to Shakespeare’s drama and how her novel functions as a social commentary on nineteenth-century gender politics, specifically notions of literature that exclude women from high-canonical status. In that sense, Bronte’s novel helped to establish the legitimacy of a women’s literary tradition
The Berlin Airlift and its Humanitarian and the PR Aspect
No full textThe Berlin Airlift, or die Berliner Luftbrücke, was one of the most dramatic events of the Cold War. While the Cold War lasted forty-five years, from 1947 to 1991, the Berlin Airlift took place at the very beginning, from 1948-1949. It was a great humanitarian effort, and is respected as one of the United States’ “finest hours,” as author Andrei Cherney titled it. It was presented as such through media, the news, and even pop culture. Curating it to look good was a carefully done job, but that should not always take away from the people who are involved in it that truly wish to do good. As naïve as it may seem to hope that the world can do better, it is better to try to do good than be skeptical and do nothing
Efficacy of Essential Oils and Compounds in Controlling Sunflower Pathogens: In vitro Evidence Against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Diaporthe gulyae
No full text<p><strong>Presenting Author:</strong> Esneider Mahecha, Student Intern, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA<br><strong>Authors:</strong><br>Madalyn Shires, Assistant Professor and Extension Plant Pathology Specialist, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA<br>Connie Tande, Senior Microbiologist, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA<br>Emmanuel Byamukama, Assistant Professor, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA<br>Dalitso Yabwalo, Post Doc Research Associate, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA</p><p> </p><p>Sunflower is an important commercial crop that serves as a significant source of food for human consumption, However, the crop is vulnerable to several diseases, including Sclerotinia head rot caused by <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> (S.S) and phomopsis stem canker caused by multiple species of Diaporthe, among them <i>Diaporthe. gulyae</i> (DG). Management of these diseases often involves using resistant hybrids and fungicide applications. However, the excessive use of fungicides can lead to pathogen resistance and environmental and health concerns. Biopesticides, such as essential oils (EOs) and their components, are promising alternatives for controlling fungal diseases. This study evaluated the effectiveness of four essential oils: tea tree, lemongrass, neem, and karanja, and three components: carvacrol, thymol, and linalool. <i>In vitro</i> the minimal fungicide concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined. Additionally, sclerotium germination of SS and volatility activity assessed.<br>Lemongrass exhibited the MIC at 500 and 1000 ppm in SS and DG, respectively. Carvacrol and thymol showed the MIC at 200 ppm for both pathogens. The MFC was the same as the MIC for lemongrass and thymol, while carvacrol exhibited regrowth at 200 ppm. Volatile activity inhibition was observed at 700 ppm for carvacrol and thymol in DG. The sclerotia germination test showed complete inhibition for Lemongrass, carvacrol, and thymol at 1000 and 500 ppm. this study in vitro suggests the potential of lemongrass, carvacrol, and thymol as natural fungicides for controlling SS and DG."</p>
Defining Waistlines and Defining a Nation : American Women's Fashion from 1760-1850
No full textii, 80 p.The clothes we wear are a public declaration of who we are and what we value. Society has regularly constructed fashion as a feminine concern, and women have been held highly accountable for the clothing that they wear and what their clothing expresses to the public. Fashion throughout the early years of America's nationhood spoke volumes about how Americans saw themselves in a rapidly changing period. Between the American Revolution and the middle of the nineteenth century, women's fashions changed in very dramatic ways. Due to the formalization of political spaces, the division of work and home through the Industrial Revolution, and the privatization of the female body throughout the early republic and antebellum periods, women lost the political ground upon which they stood during the American Revolution. As a result, what they wore throughout these periods became depoliticized as women played increasingly depoliticized roles in the developing nation. American women's relationship between modesty and fashion took evolving roles. American women's modesty in consumption was always closely tied to their dress, because their dress was the omnipresent reminder of their ability to control their consumption of fashionable luxuries, a decadence that many Americans believed was tied to their insatiable lust. Throughout these different periods, Americans constantly tied women's clothing to their modesty and sexual morality. American women's fashion developed as their political roles changed through three separate, succeeding eras. The author discusses three historic periods: the twenty year period of the American Revolution, from the early 1760s to 1780s; the early republic, which for the sake of this study, is from the end of the American Revolution in the mid-1780s to the War of 1812; and the Antebellum period, which for the purposes of this paper, consists of the time after the War of 1812 through the 1850s. The author also discusses the relationship between the woman’s rights activists of 1840s and the introduction of the “bloomer.
Dolly Parton and Southern Womanhood / Race, Respectability, and Sexuality in the Mid-Century South
No full text“There is No Such Thing as Natural Beauty”: Dolly Parton’s Cinematic Performances and Concepts of Southern Womanhood Despite the influx of scholarship surrounding popular film and gender in recent years, little to no studies focus on one star’s impact on concepts of identity. The existing scholarship tends to investigate how types of films influence spectators’ understanding of the identities represented on screen. For instance, a study of female friendship films would argue that the spectators’ concepts of relationships and female to female interaction would be influenced. This paper aims to study one actress whose multiple representations of the same identity, both on and off screen, then influenced viewer’s perceptions of that identity’s power, sexuality, and place in society. The actress, Dolly Parton, starred in three major films throughout the 1980s that told the stories of southern women. The first of these movies, 9 to 5, conveys a feminist message regarding women in the workplace and this paper argues that Dolly’s personal life and reputation influenced how southern women reacted to that message. The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas and Parton’s comments in the press provide contradicting and racialized images of female sexuality which this paper analyses and investigates viewer reception. Finally, this paper discusses the questions raised about the value of female life, reproduction and the boundaries of the domestic sphere in Steel Magnolias. “A Southerner Talking”: The Intersections of Race, Respectability, and Sexuality in the Mid-Century South as Revealed by the Content and Reception of Lillian Smith’s Novel Strange Fruit Lillian Smith was a controversial author and social activist whose work and life have long been studied. However, the mountain of academic work done about Smith seems to consistently overlook several important factors about her first novel Strange Fruit. For instance, the bulk of the existing scholarship limits the thematic importance of the novel’s content and Smith’s life to her arguments against racism and segregation. The novel also conveys Mid-Century perceptions of female sexuality and homosexuality. Drawing on Siobhan Somerville’s theory of the parallel development of categories of difference, this paper analyzes the ways in which Smith used discussions of miscegenation to subliminally discuss same sex love. Furthermore, this paper explores the critical receptions of this novel to demonstrate the racialized views of respectability that existed at the time of its release in 1944.HistoryMaster of Arts (M.A.
Efficacy of Essential Oils in the Management of Fusarium Head Blight in Spring Wheat
No full text<p>Esneider Mahecha, Dalitso Yabwalo, Connie Tande, Shaukat Ali, Madalyn Shires, and Emmanuel Byamukama South Dakota State University, Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, Brookings, SD, USA </p><p>Corresponding Author: Shaukat Ali, [email protected] </p><p> Abstract </p><p>Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum (Fg), is one of the most important diseases of wheat. FHB results in grain yield loss, seed quality reduction, and the accumulation of mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON). FHB disease management is mainly with the use of partially resistant cultivars and the application of synthetic fungicides to guarantee a higher yield. However, the constant application of synthetic fungicides causes negative impacts on humans and the environment. Additionally, fungicides used to control Fg belong mainly to one class of fungicides, the triazoles, increasing the risk of loss of pathogen sensitivity. Therefore, there is a need to test and implement new eco-friendly alternatives for managing FHB. Essential oils (EOs) are volatile secondary metabolites extracted from plants, composed of a mix of bioactive compounds with known antifungal properties. In this study, we evaluate the efficacy of two pure EOs (tea tree and lemongrass), two commercial EOs (Thymox® and Timorex®), and two bioactive compounds present in EOs (carvacrol and thymol) in the management of FHB. The study was conducted in vitro using inhibitory disk diffusion to detect the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). Additionally, conidia germination inhibition was evaluated, and volatile activity was reported. The EOs and constituents were tested under greenhouse and field conditions. FHB Disease index (DI), yield, Fusarium damaged-kernels (FDK), and DON were evaluated. There was 100% MIC in Fg with lemongrass at 1000 ppm, Thymox at 500 ppm, and carvacrol, and thymol at 200 and 500 ppm, respectively. One hundred percent spore germination inhibition was observed at 1000 ppm of lemongrass, tea tree, and Thymox, and at 500 ppm of carvacrol and thymol. All the EOs concentrations showed a MFC equal to the MIC except for carvacrol, where fungal regrowth was observed at 500 ppm. Volatility fungistatic activity was observed in lemongrass, Thymox, and thymol with 6.25 to 38.44% of mycelial growth inhibition compared with the untreated. For the greenhouse and field studies, Plants treated with lemongrass, carvacrol thymol, and Thymox showed a significantly lower DI (P<0.05) relative to the untreated. In the field trial, the EOs showed a DI reduction of 40% and a decrease of DON concentration between 36 and 59% for all the treatments with EOs compared to the untreated. In vitro and in vivo experiments, we reported the fungicidal and fungistatic potential of the EOs lemongrass, carvacrol, thymol, and Thymox in the control of Fg. </p>
